Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Guide , livre ebook

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc. - Brent Terwilliger , C. Ison David , John Robbins , Dennis Vincenzi

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A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

The utility and benefits of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are emerging and being recognized across the aviation industry. While this technology is not new, the ability to support domestic public and private operators is becoming better understood and opening up new uses to government organizations and commercial enterprise. Analysis of the unmanned aviation market indicates that small UAS (sUAS) will become the most prevalent and affordable form of unmanned aircraft available, featuring technology developed by contributors ranging from DIY and hobby model aircraft communities to defense contracting.This book will help readers understand what a drone or UAS is, what forms are available (including multirotor, fixed-wing, and hybrid types), to make well-informed decisions regarding purchase and use. Readers will learn how sUAS and their various configuration options can be used to address or support evolving business needs. Ultimately, readers will have enough information to formulate a plan to acquire necessary certification approvals and operate sUAS in a safe, efficient, and effective manner.Beginning with the history of UAS and ending with how to prepare for the future of this fast-paced and innovative industry, this book contains descriptions of typical sUAS architecture, related technology, common uses, and suggested safety practices, while also providing a narrative to help you determine the most appropriate path forward through complex legal, business, operational, and support considerations. Understanding how these pieces fit together, from the technical and legal perspectives, will shape your own strategy for the safe, efficient, and effective use of this "(r)evolutionary" technology.The authors developed this book to share critical background, concepts, guidance, and lessons learned from their collective experience as researchers, operators, and academic instructors to dispel common myths and provide a starting point to explore how sUAS can be applied to solve challenges and support economic pursuits. Written for experienced aviators, as well as those new to aviation and operating in the National Airspace System (NAS). Illustrated extensively throughout, each chapter concludes with review questions for classroom and self-study use; glossary and index included. This book provides a solid foundation for keeping up with this fast moving and exciting aviation field.

Sujets

Sciences et techniques

Informations

Publié par	Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.
Date de parution	06 novembre 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781619543959
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	11 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,2097€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS GUIDE

Exporîng Desîgns, Operatîons, Reguatîons, & Economîcs

Brent Terwîîger, Ph.D. Davîd Ison, Ph.D. John Robbîns, Ph.D. Dennîs Vîncenzî, Ph.D.

SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS GUIDE

SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS GUIDE Exporîng Desîgns, Operatîons, Reguatîons, and Economîcs

Brent Terwîîger, Ph.D. Davîd Ison, Ph.D. John Robbîns, Ph.D. Dennîs Vîncenzî, Ph.D.

AVIATION SUPPLIES & ACADEMICS, INC.

NEWCASTLE, WASHINGTON

Sma Unmanned Aîrcraft Systems Guîde: Exporîng Desîgns, Operatîons, Reguatîons, and Economîcsby Brent Terwîîger, Davîd Ison, John Robbîns, and Dennîs Vîncenzî

Avîatîon Suppîes & Academîcs, Inc. 7005 32nd Pace SE Newcaste, Washîngton 98059-353 asa@asa2fy.com | www.asa2fy.com

See the ASA websîte atwww.asa2fy.com/reader/SUASfor the “Reader Resources” page contaînîng addîtîona înformatîon and updates reatîng to thîs book.

A rîghts reserved. No part of thîs pubîcatîon may be reproduced, stored în a retrîeva system, or transmîtted în any form or by any means, eectronîc, mechanîca, photocopy, recordîng, or otherwîse, wîthout the prîor wrîtten permîssîon of the copyrîght hoder. Whîe every precautîon has been taken în the preparatîon of thîs book, the pubîsher, Brent Terwîîger, Davîd Ison, John Robbîns, and Dennîs Vîncenzî assume no responsîbîîty for damages resutîng from the use of the înformatîon contaîned hereîn.

None of the materîa în thîs book supersedes any operatîona documents or procedures îssued by the Federa Avîatîon Admînîstratîon or other governîng agency, manufacturers, schoos, or operator standard operatîng procedures.

ASA-UAS-SUAS-PDISBN 978--6954-395-9

Cover photo: istock.com/seregalsv Credits for many of the images used in this book are listed in the Figure Credits on page 247.

CONTENTS

Lîst of Iustratîons..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vîîî Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xîîî Acknowedgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xîv About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Introductîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvî Abbrevîatîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvîîî

Chapter 1 1 Hîstory of UAS: Where Dîd They Come From and Where Are They Headed? Introductîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Eary Predecessors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Unmanned Aîrcraft Deveopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 From Tactîca to Transformatîona Technoogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Transîtîon from UAV to UAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Open Source to Crowdfundîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Reated Technoogy and Innovatîve Deveopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Reguatîons Set the Stage for the (R)evoutîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Chapter 2 29 Appîcatîon of sUAS: Understandîng Uses Introductîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Common Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Recreatîon and Hobby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Precîsîon Agrîcuture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Pubîc Safety and Servîce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Communîcatîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Aerîa Fîmîng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Cargo Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Envîronmenta Monîtorîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Traînîng and Educatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Emergîng Uses and Chaenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 On the Horîzon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

CONTENTS

Chapter 3 51 Varîety of Desîgn: Exporîng the Technoogîca Possîbîîtîes Introductîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Patform Desîgn Coniguratîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Important Terms and Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Patform Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Categorîes and Desîgnatîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Patform Seectîon Consîderatîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 System Composîtîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Major Eements and Equîpment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Aerîa Eement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Payoad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 Ground-Based Command, Contro, and Communîcatîon (C3) . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Human Eement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Support Equîpment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 4 129 Lega, Envîronmenta, and Operatîona Consîderatîons: A Map to Navîgate the Maze Introductîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Reguatory Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Maîntaînîng Safety în the Natîona Aîrspace System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Mode Aîrcraft and sUAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Approved Operatîon of UAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Reguatory Poîcîes and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Operatîng Envîronment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Vîsîbîîty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Atîtude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Hazards and Obstaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Operatîona Envîronments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Envîronmenta Consîderatîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 SUAS Operatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Genera Aeronautîca Knowedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Fîxed-Wîng Fîght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 VTOL Fîght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Remote Operatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Remote Pîot-în-Command and Vîsua Observer Coordînatîon . . . . . . . . . . 8 Autonomous (Automatîc) Operatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Geofencîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Data Capture and Processîng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

vi CONTENTS

Operatîona Pannîng and Preparatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Schedue, Coordînate, and Conduct Operatîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Hour Loggîng and Reportîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Maîntenance, Caîbratîon, and Dîagnosîs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 sUAS Operatîona Consîderatîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 5 203 Busîness of Unmanned Avîatîon: From Agencîes to Startups Introductîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 UAS stakehoders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Organîzatîona Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Stakehoder Roes and Coaboratîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Busîness Opportunîty and Deveopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Startîng a Busîness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 In Fîed Empoyment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Acquîsîtîon, Support, and Cost Pannîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Incorporatîng sUAS Operatîons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Growth Areas and Chaenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 6 233 Preparîng for the Future: Accurate Informatîon Makes A the Dîfference Introductîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Fîndîng Informatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Reguatory Informatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 UAS Test Sîtes and Center of Exceence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Government-Sponsored, Advocacy, and Pubîc Outreach Organîzatîons . . 237 UAS-Reated News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 User Communîtîes and Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Journas/Scîentîic Pubîshîng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Conferences, Symposîums, and Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Insurance Provîders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lega Support and Representatîon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Other Web-based Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 UAS Reports and Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Author-Produced UAS Materîas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Fîgure Credîts247. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index257. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONTENTS

vii

ILLUSTRATIONS

NOTE: Credîts for îmages used în thîs book are îsted în the Fîgure Credîts startîng on page 247.

FIGURES -. Cayey gîder desîgn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -2. Strîngfeow’s steam engîne aîrcraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -3. Pénaud’s rubber band-powered heîcopter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -4. Test lîght of a Lîîentha gîder în 895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -5. Marconî operatîng hîs wîreess radîo system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -6. Repîca of Chanute 896 gîder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -7. Langey Aerodrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -8. Wrîght brothers’ famous irst controed, powered lîght, Dec. 7, 903 . . . 5 -9. Depîctîons of varîous eary aeromodeîng desîgns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -0. Exampes of modern operatîona mode aîrcraft.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -. Hewîtt-Sperry Automatîc Aîrpane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 -2. Ketterîng “Bug.” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -3. RAE Larynx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -4. De Havîand Tîger Moth DH-82. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  -5. Radîopane OQ-2A.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  -6. TDR- Assaut Drone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -7. V- (JB-2 Loon) on dîspay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -8. Project Aphrodîte BQ-7 “Carefu Vîrgîn.” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -9. Northrop Ventura RP-7 “Faconer.” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -20. Ryan BQM-34F “Fîrebee II” on dîspay.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -2. QH-50 DASH.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -22. Lockheed Martîn D-2 on the back of a SR-7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 -23. Lîng-Temco-Vought XQM-93 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -24. MQM-05 “Aquîa” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -25. RQ-2 “Pîoneer.”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -26. Genera Atomîcs ALTUS I (cîvîîan varîant of GNAT-750). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -27. MQ- Predator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -28. RQ-4 Goba Hawk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -29. RQ-5 Hunter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -30. RQ-7A Shadow 200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -3. ScanEage aunch from mobîe cataput system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 -32. Hand aunch of RQ-B “Raven.” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 -33. RQ-20 Puma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 -34. MQ-8 Fîre Scout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 -35. Artîst’s rendîtîon of the RQ-70 Sentîne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

viii ILLUSTRATIONS

-36. -37. -38. -39. -40. 2-. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. 2-5. 2-6. 2-7. 2-8. 2-9. 2-0. 2-. 2-2. 2-3. 2-4. 2-5. 2-6. 2-7. 3-. 3-2. 3-3. 3-4. 3-5. 3-6. 3-7.

3-8. 3-9. 3-0. 3-. 3-2. 3-3.

NASA Heîos soar-powered UAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 TAM 5, “Spîrît of Butts’ Farm.”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Exampe crowdfundîng effort, Embry-Rîdde Aeronautîca Unîversîty (ERAU) sUAS Buyîng Guîde. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3D prînter and prînted propeer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Exampe sUAS patforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Exampe vîsua perspectîves: manua, aîrcraft, and sateîte . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 VTOL sUAS performîng îne înspectîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Exampe recreatîona mode aîrcraft.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 NDVI anaysîs, derîved usîng data coected from UAS (left). . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Fu-spectrum georeferenced orthomosaîc mode (right). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Exampe îvestock management lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Exampe aerîa sprayîng lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Exampe search lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Dîgîta surface mode of constructîon sîte derîved from photogrammetrîc processîng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exampe marîtîme breakwa examînatîon lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Exampe smokestack înspectîon lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Exampe emergency response support lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Geo-referenced poînt coud from aerîa data captured usîng sUAS. . . . . . . 44 Exampe communîcatîons reay lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Exampe rea estate lîght. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exampe traînîng lîght.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Exampe archeoogîca evîdence-gatherîng lîght.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Fîxed-wîng sUAS tractor propusîon coniguratîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Fîxed-wîng sUAS pusher propusîon coniguratîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Hîgh-wîng coniguratîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Low-wîng coniguratîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Mîd-wîng coniguratîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Exampe wîng types and propertîes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Fîxed-wîng sUAS taî surface coniguratîons: conventîona, T-taî. . . . . . . . . 6 Fîxed-wîng sUAS taî surface coniguratîons: V-taî, taîess, twîn-boom. . . . 62 Effect of aîeron movement on ro rotatîon of ixed-wîng aîrcraft. . . . . . . . . 63 Retractîng trîcyce andîng gear.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Taîdragger andîng gear, showîng prop cearance & horîzonta orîentatîon. 65 Fîxed-wîng loat coniguratîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Fîxed-wîng wîth skîd.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Fîxed-wîng wîth skîs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

ILLUSTRATIONS