Predicting internal corrosion in oil and gas exploration and production operations

337 pages

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A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

This guide is intended to be practical and accessible to all actors of the upstream, midstream oil & gas sectors, it is intended primarily for use by operators, inspectors, technologists, engineering companies, suppliers of equipment and anticorrosion solutions and those responsible for corrosion and erosion control in the sectors of exploration production (upstream) of mineral oils, natural gas and Liquefied Natural Gas.The main objectives are: • to promote awareness of the damage mechanisms that are commonly occurring oil and gas production facilities for all persons involved;• to indicate their potential severity, according to the operating conditions;• to help locate these mechanisms in the facilities, in order to anticipate them, avoid them or monitor their evolution;• to help with materials selection and corrosion prevention solutions in the design phase;• to provide schematics and diagrams that can be use in documents, guides, specifications, …;• to provide up-to-date feedback from operated facilities.This guide consists of four sections: 1 - contextual presentation and objectives; 2 - definitions, standards; 3 - reminders on the feared damage mechanisms in the upstream sector; 4 - prediction of corrosion in upstream facilities.The third section describes the degradation mechanisms encountered in the upstream and midstream, thirteen specific mechanisms are identified while in the last section, the possible damage mechanisms, their severity, and location are described for ten process units and ten utility units. The descriptions are illustrated in typical Corrosion Prediction Diagrams and Material Selection Diagrams. Typical material selection and prevention solutions are provided. They are also reported and described on these same diagrams. These proposals are generic, should be considered as a guideline, and have to be confirmed or infirmed during detailed engineering studies.

Contributions III

List of figures and tables V

Introduction 1

1. Scope and Objectives 3

1.1. Scope 3

1.2. Objectives 4

2. Definitions, Acronyms and References 5

2.1. Definitions 5

2.2. Acronyms 6

2.3. Standards and other references10

3. Description of Damage Mechanisms11

3.1. Assessment of damage mechanisms applicable to E & P 11

3.2. Damage mechanisms amended from API RP 571 15

3.3. Specific damage mechanisms in E& P activities 30

4. Corrosion Prediction 111

4.1. Evaluation of the sensitivity to the different damage mechanisms 114

4.2. Use of simplified process diagrams 115

4.3. Process 117

4.4. Utilities 221

Sujets

Sciences appliquées

Informations

Publié par	EDP Sciences
Date de parution	02 février 2023
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9782759827961
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	7 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 1,5300€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

9 782759 827954

QuiSnCtIeEsNciTeIFnIcCesAND TECHNICAL GUIDES

Predicting Internal Corrosion in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Operations Coordonné par P. Gasselin, J.P. Choisis, S. Petit, F. Purseigle et S. Zasser

CEFRACOR’S SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL GUIDES

L’agriculture en famille : Predicting InternalCorrosion travailler, réinventer, in Oil and Gas Exploration transmettre and Production Operations Coordonné par P. Gasselin, J.P. Choisis, S. Petit, F. Purseigle et S. Zasser T his guide is intended to be practical and accessible to all actors of the upstream, midstream oil & gas sectors, it is intended primarily for use by operators, inspectors, technologists, engineering companies, suppliers of equipment and anticorrosion solutions and those responsible for corrosion and erosion control in the sectors of exploration production (upstream) of mineral oils, natural gas and Liqueﬁed Natural Gas. The main objectives are: • to promote awareness of the damage mechanisms that are commonly occurring oil and gas production facilities for all persons involved; • to indicate their potential severity, according to the operating conditions; • to help locate these mechanisms in the facilities, in order to anticipate them, avoid them or monitor their evolution; to help with materials selection and corrosion prevention solutions in the design phase; •to provide schematics and diagrams that can be use in documents, guides, speciﬁcations, …; • to provide up-to-date feedback from operated facilities. This guide consists of four sections: 1 - contextual presentation and objectives; 2 - deﬁnitions, standards; 3 - reminders on the feared damage mechanisms in the upstream sector; 4 - prediction of corrosion in upstream facilities. The third section describes the degradation mechanisms encountered in the upstream and midstream, thirteen speciﬁc mechanisms are identiﬁed while in the last section, the possible damage mechanisms, their severity, and location are described for ten process units and ten utility units. The descriptions are illustrated in typical Corrosion Prediction Diagrams and Material Selection Diagrams. Typical material selection and prevention solutions are provided. They are also reported and described on these same diagrams. These proposals are generic, should be considered as a guideline, and have to be conﬁrmed or inﬁrmed during detailed engineering studies.

This guide is a collective work prepared by the members of the Commission "Corrosion in Energy and Process Industries" of CEFRACOR. CEFRACOR gathers the organizations and the individuals concerned by the behavior of materials in their environment. Its objective is to answer the questions of corrosion and durability of materials, in all industrial fields and to organize the transfers of knowledge.

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Pédîctîn ïnténà Coosîon în Oî ànd Gàs Expoàtîon ànd Podûctîon Opéàtîons

Scîentîic and Technîca Guîde

CEFRACOR Workgroup “Corrosîon înterne Oî & Gas” Commîssîon “Corrosîon în Energy and Process Industrîes”

17, avenue du Hoggar Parc d’actîvîtés de Courtaboeuf, BP 112 91944 Les Uîs Cedex A, France

Prînted în France

ISBN(prînt): 978-2-7598-2795-4 – ISBN(ebook): 978-2-7598-2796-1

A rîghts reatîve to transatîon, adaptatîon and reproductîon by any means whatsoever are reserved, wordwîde. In accordance wîth the terms of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Artîce 41 of the French Act dated March 11, 1957, “copîes or reproductîons reserved strîcty for prîvate use and not întended for coectîve use” and, on the other hand, anayses and short quotatîons for exampe or îustratîve purposes, are aowed. Otherwîse, “any representatîon or repro-ductîon – whether în fu or în part – wîthout the consent of the author or of hîs successors or assîgns, îs unawfu” (Artîce 40, paragraph 1). Any representatîon or reproductîon, by any means whatsoever, wî therefore be deemed an înfrîngement of copyrîght punîshabe under Artîces 425 and foowîng of the French Pena Code.

Contents

Contrîbutîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III

Lîst of igures and tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Introductîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. Scope and Objectîves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. Scopé. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Ojéctîvés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Deinîtîons, Acronyms and References. . . 2.1. DéInîtîons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Aconyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Stàndàds ànd othé éfééncés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Descrîptîon of Damage Mechanîsms. . . . . . 3.1. Asséssmént of dàmàé méchànîsms àppîcàé to E & P. . . . . . . . . 3.2. Dàmàé méchànîsms àméndéd fom APï RP 571. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. SpécîIc dàmàé méchànîsms în E & P àctîvîtîés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 3 4

5 5 6 10

11 11 15 30

Predîctîng Interna Corrosîon în Oî and Gas Exporatîon and Productîon Operatîons

4. Corrosîon Predîctîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 4.1. Evàûàtîon of thé sénsîtîvîty to thé dîfféént dàmàé méchànîsms .114 4.2. Usé of sîmpîIéd pocéss dîààms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 4.3. Pocéss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 4.4. Utîîtîés. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Authors

Mîche BONIS, TOTAL S.A.

Benoît DUCIEL, Dorîs Engîneerîng

Améîe FEREY, TECHNIP France

Marc KAMIONKA, TECHNIP France

Anass LAGRINI, SAIPEM S.A.

Antoîne SURBLED, A.S. Corr. Consut

Dephîne ZUILI, TECHNIP France

and

Emîîe BIXQUERT, GENESIS Oî and Gas Consutants

Jérémy BOISSELIER, SAIPEM S.A.

Thîerry BRAISAZ, TECHNIP France

Cîndy CECILLON-FROSSARD, TECHNIP France

Aexandre DIDOT, TECHNIP France

Quentîn GAUSSERES, TECHNIP France

Jean KITTEL, IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

Mîîtza LOBATON, Instîtut de Soudure Industrîes

Jean-Marc MARTINEZ, SUBSEA7

Contrîbutîons

Frédérîc WACOGNE, Compagnîe Françaîse de Géothermîe

Predîctîng Interna Corrosîon în Oî and Gas Exporatîon and Productîon Operatîons

Revîewers

Caude DURET-THUAL

Grégory MOULIE, TotaEnergîes

Steve PATERSON, She

Feîpe RAMIREZ, Modec Internatîona Inc.

Fîgures

Lîst of igures and tables

Fîûé 1. – Coosîon mànàémént pocéss dîààm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Fîûé 2. – SSC domàîns às à fûnctîon of pH ànd H S pàtîà péssûé, 2 às déInéd în NACE MR0175/ïSO 15156. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Fîûé 3. – ïûstàtîons of à coàsé-àînéd càon stéé HAZ éhéàtéd to cosé-to-cîtîcà témpéàtûés.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Fîûé 4. – Réhéàt Càckîn Pocéss.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Fîûé 5. – Thé màîn fàctos of CO coosîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2 Fîûé 6. – CO coosîon of podûctîon tûîn, wîth coàéscéncé of càtés. . 32 2 Fîûé 7. – CO coosîon àt thé às cooé oûtét, ~ 3% CO , 40 °C, 2 2 ~ 7.0 MPà. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Fîûé 8. – Péfééntîà coosîon of à wéd – à pàtîcûà ànd hîhy ocàîzéd fom of CO coosîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2 Fîûé 9. – ocàîzéd CO coosîon wîth potûdîn coosîon déposît 2 în à às wé. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Fîûé 10. – Swéét vs. Soû Coosîon Domàîns, àdàptéd fom B. Pots & à. [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Fîûé 11. – Sévéé ocàîzéd coosîon of podûcéd wàté pîpés contàmînàtéd y oxyén înéss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Fîûé 12. – Coosîon àssocîàtéd wîth à thîck îon sûIdé déposît àt thé ottom of à às wé [5]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Fîûé 13. – Càsé of swéét TC comînîn ocàîzéd coosîon àt thé top ànd ûnîfom on thé sîdés [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Fîûé 14. – Tûécés émovéd fom càon stéé sûfàcés în powé pànts (soûcé: pàé 188 of Mànûà of mîcoîà coosîon [9]). . . . . . . 51

Predîctîng Interna Corrosîon în Oî and Gas Exporatîon and Productîon Operatîons

Fîûé 15. – Mîcoîooîcày ïndûcéd Coosîon of à mîné wàté àîsîn coûmn (coûtésy of: Compànîé Fànçàîsé dé GÉothémîé). . . . 51 Fîûé 16. – Hémîsphéîc càté mophooy càûséd y sévéé Mîcoîooîcày ïndûcéd Coosîon (5 to 15 mm/yéà) [17]. . . 51 Fîûé 17. – Eosîon - coosîon pàttén. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Fîûé 18. – Eosîon pàtténs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58. . Fîûé 19. – Pévéntîvé soûtîons fo éosîon-coosîon.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Fîûé 20. – Pévéntîvé soûtîons fo méchànîcà éosîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Fîûé 21. – Stûctûé of thé ûst àyé în àéàtéd wàté (àdàptéd fom H.M. Héo, Pàpé No. 84, Coosîon ’91).. . . . . 67 Fîûé 22. – Coosîon concéntàtîon cé, dévéopîn tûécés, chémîcà éqûîîîà, pH ànd oxyén concéntàtîon àdîénts în thé tûécé vs. ocàtîon (àdàptéd fom HM Héo, Pàpé No. 84, Coosîon ’91). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Fîûé 23. – Tûûà coosîon méchànîsm: thé méchànîsm îs cosé to thàt éàdîn to thé dévéopmént of tûécés – thé tûûà fom îs dûé to à comînàtîon of focés éxétéd dûîn thé coosîon pocéss [9].. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Fîûé 24. – Wàté-stéàm cîcûît; (à) oxyén îndûcéd coosîon of thé ûppé pàt of à thémosîphon vàpoîzé; () détàî of pît.. . . . . . . . . . . 72 Fîûé 25. – Sévéé pîttîn coosîon dûé to sûfû déposîtîon. . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Fîûé 26. – Pîttîn coosîon méchànîsm dîààm în àéàtéd choîdé énvîonmént.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83. . . . . . . Fîûé 27. – CàssîIcàtîon of pîts àccodîn to théî shàpé.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fîûé 28. – Cévîcé coosîon of àûsténîtîc stàînéss stéé ûndé àskét.. . . . . 92 Fîûé 29. – Coosîon Méchànîsms of Aûmînûm Aoys în péséncé of mécûy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Fîûé 30. – Sépààtîon of thé pàtés în à cyoénîc éxchàné coé dûé to thé fomàtîon of àn àmààm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Fîûé 31. – Hydàtéd àûmînà ésûtîn fom coosîon of àn àûmînûm àoy y àn àmààm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Fîûé 32. – ME càckîn of àn A-M àoy, àttàck àt àîn oûndàîés (coss séctîon, optîcà mîcoscopy).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Fîûé 33. – ME càckîn of à wéd on à cyoénîc àûmînûm héàt éxchàné. Thîs càck càûséd thé fàîûé of thé héàt éxchàné.101 Fîûé 34. – Càcks dûé to stéss coosîon în H S énvîonménts [5]. . . . . . . 107 2