It Is Quite Another Electricity , livre ebook

Partridge Publishing Singapore - Michael Bank

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102 pages

English

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Description

This book is a description by the author of the proposed single-wire transmission system. The system can operate at any frequency, including DC. It can be applied to a three-phase transmission signal and to collect energy from the “green” sources. It describes in detail the problems associated with zeroing (grounding) signal and energy transfer on the underground and underwater lines. There is data on two experimental systems.

Sujets

Electronique & télécommunications

Engineering

Technology

Sciences et techniques

Electrical

Informations

Publié par	Partridge Publishing Singapore
Date de parution	17 mars 2023
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781543773422
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0200€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

IT IS QUITE ANOTHER ELECTRICITY

TRANSMITTING BY ONE WIRE AND WITHOUT GROUNDING

SECOND EDITION, REVISED
MICHAEL BANK

Copyright © 2023 by Michael Bank.

ISBN:
Hardcover
978-1-5437-7341-5
Softcover
978-1-5437-7340-8
eBook
978-1-5437-7342-2

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

www.partridgepublishing.com/singapore

CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction From A Historic Point Of View
Chapter 2 A Basic Understanding Of The Balanced Single-Wire Electric System
It is possible to transmit electric current over one wire, and, therefore, without necessary changes of the frequency and signal waveform, as well as without a use of the ground as the second wire.
Chapter 3 The Nullifer: Zeroing Without Inserting Current Into The Ground
It is possible to achieve zeroing (grounding) without inserting current into the ground. Perhaps grounding is achieved via an ant enna.

Chapter 4 Balanced And Unbalanced Single-Wire Systems: The Swer System
The SWER System is an unbalanced system. As strange as it may sound, the proposed single-wire line is a balanced line.
Chapter 5 Three-Phase System By A Single Wire
A three-phase signal can be present at the input and output of a single-wire line.
Chapter 6 Experimental Systems
The results of the construction of experimental one-wire systems are prese nted.
Chapter 7 Single-Line Green Energy System
Wind or solar energy systems can be designed using the single-wire me thod.
Chapter 8 Interference And Loss
The single-wire system does not introduce any additional losses, and thus, it impacts the environment to a lesser degree than do current standard electric sys tems.
Chapter 9 Underground And Underwater Single-Line Systems
It is significantly more cost-effective to use single-wire underground or underwater ca bles.
Chapter 10 High-Frequency Single-Line Systems And Antennas
The single wire method simplifies many high frequency devices including ante nnas.

Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

PART 2
Patents
Foreword To Part 2
Single-Wire Electric Transmission Line
Phase Converter For Vector Conversion Of Three Phase Signals

References
Acknowledgments
Conclusion After Part 2

It cannot be, because it can be n ever.
—Anton Chekhov

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION FROM A HISTORIC POINT OF VIEW
The War of Currents (sometimes called War of the Currents or Battle of Currents) was a series of events surrounding the introduction of competing electric power transmission systems in the late 1880s and early 1890s. This included commercial competition, a debate over electrical safety, and a media/ propaganda campaign that grew out of it. The main players were the direct current (DC)-based Edison Electric Light Company and the alternating current (AC)-based Westinghouse Electric Com pany.
The method of AC received large support after the invention of the three-phase system in 1980. 1
The three-phase system prevailed and has essentially been in use for the last 120 years following Dolivo-Dobrovolsky’s inven tion.

Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
Dolivo-Dobrovolsky was a Russian engineer from my city, St. Peters burg.
The first triumph of his three-phase system was displayed in Europe at the International Electro-Technical Exhibition of 1891. He used the system to transmit electric power at a distance of 176 kilometres with 75 per cent efficiency. This marked the beginning of an intensive implementation of the three-phase system. Still today, the majority of electrical energy is generated and distributed by the three-phase sys tems.
However, its capacity for an efficient generator and an efficient motor might be the only advantage of the three-phase system. While technology has changed over the last 120 years, the three-phase system has not changed significantly. It is now clear that this system has many problems and only one advantage (it’s allowance of the implementation of efficient generators and eng ines).
When it comes to disadvantages of the three-phase system, they are many and varied. Among these disadvantages are:
• The necessity of using many expensive wires (three or four)
• The associated large and expensive support systems for the wires
• The need for intermediate stations, sometimes every thirty kilometres
• The very expensive underground and underwater three-phase systems
• The system’s strong negative environmental impact
• The frequency of wire breaks
• Large energy losses
The remainder of this book will show that it is possible today to make electrical systems without these disadvantages that still allow for the implementation of three-phase generators and mo tors.
The three-phase system’s deficiencies have contributed in recent years to the development and implementation of high-voltage DC (HVDC) sys tems.
For very long-distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses. For underwater power cables, HVDC avoids the large current requirement needed to charge and discharge the cable capacitance (its ability to hold electricity) during each cycle. For shorter distances, the higher cost of DC conversion equipment compared to an AC system may still be justified, due to other benefits of direct current lines. 2
The main disadvantages of HVDC are in conversion, switching, control, availability, and maintenance. The required converter stations are expensive and have limited overload capa city.
Operating an HVDC circuit requires the operator to keep on hand a significant number of spare parts, often exclusively for one system. In contrast to AC systems, the realization of multiterminal systems is complex (especially with line-commutated converters); it necessitates the expansion of existing circuits to multiterminal systems. The grounding systems in DC circuits are more complicated and have higher resist ance.
Is it time to implement the method first proposed by the great Tesla in 1890? 3

Nikola Tesla
“Transmission of electricity requires at least two wires.” This statement has been ingrained in the consciousness of engineers for more than 150 years. How else, after all, could any battery and any coil of a generator have a minimum of two terminals? In addition, any loads for electrical energy have a minimum of two terminals. Therefore, the electrical circuit must have a minimum of two wires. Usually in books, articles, or lectures, authors explain the work of an electrical circuit as the process of current flowing from the generator to the load and then back to the generator. So we need a minimum of two w ires.
Nevertheless, the necessity of always having two wires (two channels) is not so obvious (Weber and Nebeker 1994). Actually, during more than a hundred years, humankind has transmitted information and energy from transmitter to receiver by means of the electromagnetic field. Here, we deal with one cha nnel.

Fig. 1.1. Radio communication
If it is necessary to reply over ether, the other channel is used, but once again, it is a single channel also . These channels are separated in time or in frequency, or they are distinguished by means of a special code. Somebody might say that, with this kind of radio communication, there are two channels, as the electromagnetic field has two components—electrical and magnetic. Indeed, at the point of reception, there are magnetic and electric fields. Relation between the fields is 120p. Knowing the level of one of these fields and radiation resistance (or current value or effective isotropic aperture) of the receiving antenna, we can compute the active power reaching the receiver. Therefore, we are dealing with a one-way sy stem.

Fig. 1.2. Optical line
The other example of a one-way system is communication by means of fibre-optic l ines.
From one end of the globe to another, one optical cable is laid, and it transfers a huge volume of information. No return cable is required. The other cable is used only when it’s necessary to transmit additional information or as a backup. It is worth mentioning that the electrical energy for feeding of the optical signal amplifiers, which are being installed over certain distances, is usually transferred over the single wire as well.

Fig. 1.3 Waveguide
One more example of a single-channel system of energy and information transmission is a waveguide, a system that is in wide use today in communication techno logy.
A waveguide is a channel of either natural or artificial origin that propagates certain waves, such as electromagnetic or sound waves, along an axial line or axial surface with relatively small attenuation. The waveguide limits the existence of t