Greatest Scienctists of the World , livre ebook

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165 pages

English

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It''s truely said by Stephen Hawking that Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge. We are glad to inform all our esteemed readers that V&S Publishers is coming out with a number of books in the Greatest Series which include Classic Storybooks of great authors like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, (the creator of the famous fictional character, Sherlock Holmes), Charles Dickens, Ambrose Bierce, Jack London, O. Henry and others. This book on Scientists is an addition in the Greatest Series. The book contains information about 101 world-renowned Scientists from across the globe, their brief life sketch their contributions to the scientific world including books, journals and magazines that they published, Awards and Honours received by them and any significant happenings that changed the course of their lives. The book includes prominent names like, Sir Isaac Newton, Ivan Pavlov, J.J Thomson, Jagadish Chandra Bose, James Clerk Maxwell, James Watson, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, John Dalton, John Logie Baird, Louis Pasteur and many such notable personalities. The book has been written especially for the school students of the age group, 10-18 years, but it can be read by readers of all ages, who love Science and its amazing and fascinating world of outstanding inventions and Discoveries that have transformed the human society and our existence!

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Sciences et techniques

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Publié par	V & S Publishers
Date de parution	01 avril 2020
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9789350571750
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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Greatest Scientists of the World
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ISBN 978-93-505717-5-0
Edition 2019 DISCLAIMER While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher make no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided. All matters included have been simplified under professional guidance for general information only without any warranty for applicability on an individual. Any mention of an organization or a website in the book by way of citation or as a source of additional information doesn’t imply the endorsement of the content either by the author or the publisher. It is possible that websites cited may have changed or removed between the time of editing and publishing the book. Results from using the expert opinion in this book will be totally dependent on individual circumstances and factors beyond the control of the author and the publisher. It makes sense to elicit advice from well informed sources before implementing the ideas given in the book. The reader assumes full responsibility for the consequences arising out from reading this book. For proper guidance, it is advisable to read the book under the watchful eyes of parents/guardian. The purchaser of this book assumes all responsibility for the use of given materials and information. The copyright of the entire content of this book rests with the author/publisher. Any infringement/transmission of the cover design, text or illustrations, in any form, by any means, by any entity will invite legal action and be responsible for consequences thereon.
Publisher's Note
It’s truely said by Stephen Hawking that Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge.
We are glad to inform all our esteemed readers that V&S Publishers is coming out with a number of books in the Greatest Series which include Classic Storybooks of great authors like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, (the creator of the famous fictional character, Sherlock Holmes), Charles Dickens, Ambrose Bierce, Jack London, O. Henry and others. This book on Scientists is an addition in the Greatest Series.
The book contains information about 101 world-renowned Scientists from across the globe , their brief life sketch, their contributions to the scientific world including books, journals and magazines that they published, Awards and Honours received by them and any significant incidents that changed the course of their lives. The book includes prominent names like, Sir Isaac Newton , Ivan Pavlov, J.J Thomson , Jagadish Chandra Bose , James Clerk Maxwell , James Watson , Jean-Baptiste Lamarck , John Dalton , John Logie Baird , Louis Pasteur and many such notable personalities.
The book has been written especially for the school students of the age group, 10-18 years, but it can be read by readers of all ages, who love Science and its amazing and fascinating world full of outstanding inventions and discoveries that have almost changed or rather transformed the human society and even our existence.
So, the book will be of interest for one and all, especially for students, who can use it as a valuable reference book too!
Contents Publisher’s Note 1. Isaac Newton 2. Ivan Pavlov 3. J. J. Thomson 4. J. Robert Oppenheimer 5. Jagadish Chandra Bose 6. James Chadwick 7. James Clerk Maxwell 8. James Prescott Joule 9. James Watson 10. Jane Goodall 11. Jean Piaget 12. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 13. Jim Al-Khalili 14. Jocelyn Bell Burnell 15. Johannes Kepler 16. John Bardeen 17. John Dalton 18. John Locke 19. John Logie Baird 20. John Napier 21. John Needham 22. John Ray 23. John von Neumann 24. Jonas Salk 25. Joseph Banks 26. Joseph Priestley 27. Justus von Liebig 28. Karl Landsteiner 29. Katharine Burr Blodgett 30. Konrad Lorenz 31. Lee De Forest 32. Leland Clark 33. Leonardo da Vinci 34. Leonhard Euler 35. Linus Pauling 36. Lise Meitner 37. Louis de Broglie 38. Louis Pasteur 39. Lucretius 40. Ludwig Boltzmann 41. Luigi Galvani 42. Lynn Margulis 43. Marcello Malpighi 44. Maria Goeppert-Mayer 45. Marie Curie 46. Max Born 47. Max Planck 48. Max von Laue 49. Michael Faraday 50. Michio Kaku 51. Mohammad Abdus Salam 52. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi 53. Murray Gell-Mann 54. Nicolaus Copernicus 55. Niels Bohr 56. Nikola Tesla 57. Noam Chomsky 58. Omar Khayyam 59. Otto Hahn 60. Paul Dirac 61. Paul Ehrlich 62. Pierre Curie 63. Pierre-Simon Laplace 64. Prafulla Chandra Ray 65. Pythagoras 66. Rachel Carson 67. René Descartes 68. Richard Feynman 69. Rita Levi-Montalcini 70. Robert Bosch 71. Robert Boyle 72. Robert Bunsen 73. Robert Goddard 74. Robert Hooke 75. Robert Koch 76. Rosalind Franklin 77. Rudolf Virchow 78. Salim Ali 79. Sheldon Lee Glashow 80. Sigmund Freud 81. Srinivasa Ramanujan 82. Stephen Hawking 83. Svante Arrhenius 84. Thabit ibn Qurra 85. Theodor Schwann 86. Theodosius Dobzhansky 87. Thomas Alva Edison 88. Thomas Hunt Morgan 89. Thomas Newcomen 90. Tycho Brahe 91. Virginia Apgar 92. Werner Heisenberg 93. Wilbur and Orville Wright 94. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 95. Wilhelm Ostwald 96. Wilhelm Röntgen 97. Wilhelm Wundt 98. Willard Frank Libby 99. William Harvey 100 . William Herschel 101 . William Thomson
Isaac Newton

S ir I saac Newton, universally considered to be one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time, was an English mathematician and physicist, widely known for his outstanding contributions to physics, mathematics and optics. He also invented the calculus, formulated the three laws of motion and the universal theory of gravitation. Newton proved that sunlight is the combination of several colours. He performed as the master of the Royal Mint in London and as the president of the Royal Society of London.
Born on January 4, 1643, Newton was so frail at the time of his birth that the housemaids were unsure that the baby would live any longer. Isaac Sr. had died a few months before his birth, while his mother, Hannah Ayscough, married again to another man, Reverend Barnabas Smith, with whom she had three more children.
His mother left little Newton to live with her new husband, while he was raised by his maternal grandmother. Newton had mostly a solitary childhood, though at 12, he joined the grammar school at Grantham. At school, once he had a fight with another boy, and whilst he was weaker, he still managed to win the fight and banged the opponent’s nose on the church wall. This kind of vindictive behaviour endured throughout his lifetime.
Creating sundials , wooden objects and drawings were some of his favourite hobbies at school . He made a model windmill with a mouse on a treadmill for supplying power. A four-wheeled cart was also one of his creations which was powered by rotating a crank he had set up.
His mother called Newton back to manage the family farm when he was 17. He was never good at the job, though. A young Newton showed more interest in creating models and reading books. Luckily enough, his schoolmaster at Grantham, and his uncle William Ayscough, utterly impressed with Newton’s skill and determination, suggested his mother to let him stay at the school.
After finishing school in June 1661, Newton went on to join the Cambridge University. There, he was annoyed with the traditional Aristotelian curriculum and shunned many of the assigned books, instead concentrating on his studies about science, mathematics and philosophy. He carefully and devotedly read books by Galileo, René Descartes, Euclid and Johannes Kepler. Within a year, he was able to record original insights in his notebooks.
Not long after his graduation in 1665, the Cambridge closed down due to the plague epidemic for almost two years. Newton, therefore, returned to home where he came up with the calculus, which he termed as the “fluxional method.” Isaac Barrow, the Lucasian professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, was immensely impressed with his work. Newton got his master’s degree in 1668, and assumed Barrow’s position after his resignation. His lectures were said to be too difficult for the students.
Contributions & Achievements:
His contributions during 1669 and the early 1770s were mostly related to optics. He put forward a theory of colours. He also constructed a reflecting telescope which magnified objects 40 times. For this invention, he was honoured by The Royal Society, where he was made a member in January 1672. An article was published during this time about his theory of colours in February 1672. When Robert Hooke challenged him in an inappropriate manner, Newton was furious. He had experimented with colours extensively for several years and was confident about his peculiar ability and research.
Newton published his legendary publication, “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica” in 1687, a masterpiece that introduced the world to the three laws of motion and the universal principle of gravitation.
His another notable rival was Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz who claimed to have invented the calculus first. As Newton’s Principia came after Leibniz’s calculus, some started to think that Newton borrowed his method from Leibniz. The truth was that Newton had invented the calculus between 1665 and 1666, but he was reluctant to publish his work for years, while L