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Beginning around 2003, the growth of interest in the genre of reality shows has dominated the field of television studies. However, concentrating on this genre has tended to sideline the even more significant emergence of the program format as a central mode of business and culture in the new television landscape. TV Formats Worldwide redresses this balance and heralds the emergence of an important, exciting, and challenging area of television studies. Topics explored include reality TV, makeover programs, sitcoms, talent shows, and fiction serials, as well as broadcaster management policies, production decision chains, and audience participation processes. This seminal work will be of considerable interest to media scholars worldwide.

PART I: INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1: Introduction: ‘Descent and Modification’

Albert Moran

PART II: MODELLING AND THEORY-BUILDING

Chapter 2: Rethinking the Local–Global Nexus Through Multiple Modernities: The Case of Arab Reality Television

Marwan M. Kraidy

Chapter 3: When TV Formats are Translated

Albert Moran

Chapter 4: Imagining the National: Gatekeepers and the Adaptation of Global Franchises in Argentina

Silvio Waisbord and Sonia Jalfin

PART III: INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES

Chapter 5: Trading in TV Entertainment: An Analysis

Katja Lantzsch, Klaus-Dieter Altmeppen and Andreas Will

Chapter 6: The Rise of the Business Entertainment Format on British Television

Raymond Boyle

Chapter 7: Collaborative Reproduction of Attraction and Performance: The Case of the Reality Show Idol

Yngver Njus

Chapter 8: Auditioning for Idol: The Audience Dimension of Format Franchising

Doris Baltruschat

PART IV: COMPARATIVE CROSS-BORDER STUDIES

Chapter 9: Adapting Global Television to Regional Realities: Traversing the Middle East Experience

Amos Owen Thomas

Chapter 10: How National Media Systems Shape the Localization of Formats: A Transnational Case Study of The Block and Nerds FC in Australia and Denmark

Pia Majbrit Jensen

Chapter 11: Transcultural Localization Strategies of Global TV Formats: The Office and Stromberg

Edward Larkey

Chapter 12: Tearing Up Television News Across Borders: Format Transfer of News Parody Shows between Italy and Bulgaria

Gabriele Cosentino, Waddick Doyle and Dimitrina Todorova

PART V: NATIONAL IMAGININGS

Chapter 13: Defining the Local: A Comparative Study of News in Northern Ireland

Sujatha Sosale and Charles Munro

Chapter 14: Independent Television Production, TV Formats and Media Diversity in China

Michael Keane and Bonnie Liu

Chapter 15: A Place in the Sun: Global Seriality and the Revival of Domestic Television Drama in Italy

Milly Buonanno

Chapter 16: Idol in a Small Country: New Zealand Idol as the Commoditization of Cosmopolitan Intimacy

Barry King

Chapter 17: From Global to Glocal: Australianizing the Makeover Format

Tania Lewis

Afterword

Manuel Alvarado

Sujets

Media Studies

Social Science

Sociologie, société et politique

General officer

Television

General

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Publié par	Intellect Books
Date de parution	09 décembre 2009
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781841503554
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1600€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

TV Formats Worldwide
TV Formats Worldwide
Localizing Global Programs
Edited by Albert Moran
First published in the UK in 2009 by Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK
First published in the USA in 2009 by Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Copyright 2009 Intellect Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover designer: Holly Rose Copy-editor: Sue Jarvis Typesetting: Mac Style, Beverley, E. Yorkshire
ISBN 978-1-84150-306-6 EISBN 978-1-84150-355-4 Printed and bound by Gutenberg Press, Malta.
Contents
PART I: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1: Introduction: Descent and Modification
Albert Moran
PART II: MODELLING AND THEORY-BUILDING
Chapter 2: Rethinking the Local-Global Nexus Through Multiple Modernities: The Case of Arab Reality Television
Marwan M. Kraidy
Chapter 3: When TV Formats are Translated
Albert Moran
Chapter 4: Imagining the National: Gatekeepers and the Adaptation of Global Franchises in Argentina
Silvio Waisbord and Sonia Jalfin
PART III: INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES
Chapter 5: Trading in TV Entertainment: An Analysis
Katja Lantzsch, Klaus-Dieter Altmeppen and Andreas Will
Chapter 6: The Rise of the Business Entertainment Format on British Television
Raymond Boyle
Chapter 7: Collaborative Reproduction of Attraction and Performance: The Case of the Reality Show Idol
Yngver Njus
Chapter 8: Auditioning for Idol : The Audience Dimension of Format Franchising
Doris Baltruschat
PART IV: COMPARATIVE CROSS-BORDER STUDIES
Chapter 9: Adapting Global Television to Regional Realities: Traversing the Middle East Experience
Amos Owen Thomas
Chapter 10: How National Media Systems Shape the Localization of Formats: A Transnational Case Study of The Block and Nerds FC in Australia and Denmark
Pia Majbrit Jensen
Chapter 11: Transcultural Localization Strategies of Global TV Formats: The Office and Stromberg
Edward Larkey
Chapter 12: Tearing Up Television News Across Borders: Format Transfer of News Parody Shows between Italy and Bulgaria
Gabriele Cosentino, Waddick Doyle and Dimitrina Todorova
PART V: NATIONAL IMAGININGS
Chapter 13: Defining the Local: A Comparative Study of News in Northern Ireland
Sujatha Sosale and Charles Munro
Chapter 14: Independent Television Production, TV Formats and Media Diversity in China
Michael Keane and Bonnie Liu
Chapter 15: A Place in the Sun : Global Seriality and the Revival of Domestic Television Drama in Italy
Milly Buonanno
Chapter 16: Idol in a Small Country: New Zealand Idol as the Commoditization of Cosmopolitan Intimacy
Barry King
Chapter 17: From Global to Glocal: Australianizing the Makeover Format
Tania Lewis
Afterword
Manuel Alvarado
Notes on Contributors
Index
Part I
Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction: Descent and Modification
Albert Moran

I n the sesquicentennial anniversary year of the publication of Charles Darwin s The Origin of Species , I begin with Darwin s felicitous phrase regarding the basic mechanism of adaptation in the natural world. This collection deals with cultural reproduction, not biological copying and change. Nevertheless, Darwin s phrase is significant in helping to orient us towards the fact of television program seriality in general, and format adjustment and production in particular. Like other cultural institutions, television s appetite for content is voracious. Helping to meet such an ever-increasing demand, the medium inter alia feeds off itself as well as finding other ways to generate new outputs. In turn, semiotics helps identify repetition as a recurring feature of popular fiction and entertainment, whether the form be printed stories, popular song or television program production. The serial principle has to do with the ongoing recourse to a framing mechanism that yet permits and invites the deliberate variation embodied in the instalment, the verse or the episode. The latter are all offspring of one kind or another, whether the features of the forebearer program are easy or difficult to recognize in a descendant program instalment.
The same ambiguity is presented by the recent formalization and recognition of the practice of television program format franchising. The format inaugurates program descent and modification as a formal principle of television production. As an industry practice, it seeks to bolster its significance by elaborating successive activities and material resources, not least to secure and enhance its legal safeguards and monetary rewards. But action also invites reflection, the development of critical consciousness concerning practice, both as a means of developing greater insight for purposes of industry, management and production clarification and as a means of extending greater cultural understanding.
The enigmatic format
Accordingly, this collection provides the opportunity for sustained engagement with the puzzle that is TV format program franchising. The collection s motivation is twofold. On the one hand, authors seek to analyze the program format franchising phenomenon. This practice is sometimes bracketed with a complementary form of program provision labelled the finished program. The latter is thought to be complete and ready for broadcast (even if subtitling or dubbing is necessary to help make the program more intelligible for particular viewers). On the other hand, presumably the format program must need to be finished in some specific way or set of ways to be capable of being broadcast in a particular regional or national market. The authors in this volume are all concerned to investigate the pattern and meaning of this kind of process. As I have noted elsewhere, broadcasters in national television markets who are licensing in program material for broadcast frequently face the dilemma of whether to choose a finished program or a format (Moran 1998). The finished program is usually less expensive to license and involves far less bother than having to arrange for a format production based on a franchise. However, broadcasters and producers very often choose to license a program format on the assumption that the format can be finished or completed in such a way that its broadcast will achieve greater audience appeal than a finished counterpart is likely to gain. The demonstrated success of a forebearer program in another television market helps provide this confidence and insurance.
What, then, is involved in finishing a format program? How is it modified for its new circumstances and what does it retain from its previous manifestation? In this collection, this matter is explored through a variety of approaches or research strategies on the part of both emerging and established media scholars and critical researchers. Altogether, some eighteen chapters are brought together in the volume representing critical research being pursued in North and South America, the United Kingdom and Western Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and the South Pacific. Coincidentally, the volume also appears at the same time as another collection, Global Television Formats: Understanding Television Across Borders , where the emphasis primarily falls on a US perspective, although again various of its contributors hail from other places around the world (Oren and Shahaf 2009).
Taken together, these two volumes might be seen as inaugurating an important, newly emerging field of contemporary study. TV format studies is set to become a significant subfield of present-day research in media and communications, in cultural studies, in creative industry research, and in a set of allied fields including international studies, globalization studies, business and commerce, legal and policy studies, and management studies. TV format studies represents the conceptual end of practices of content franchising as they are pursued by TV production and broadcasting professionals. As a field of inquiry, it can help inform and illuminate the activities of format professionals just as the practice of professional scan test and modify the understandings and insights developed by critical investigators. TV format studies engages with a series of different phenomena, including the political economy of franchising, the textual consequences of remaking, the legal and governmental frameworks within which such practices occur, the prehistory of such activities and the routines and self-understandings of format professionals as they go about their business. Various universities and centres such as the Institute for Media and Communication Research at the University of Bournemouth in the United Kingdom and the Erich Pommer Institute at the University of Potsdam in Germany have now made formal commitments to ongoing involvement in the area of TV format studies in conjunction with different professional format organizations.
Familiarizing formats
Besides the troublesome notion of format adaptation, authors in this volume have had to grapple with the difficulty of applying a suitable term to the broad cultural result of such a process. Many different names can be given to the practice of changing a program to enhance its appeal in a particular territory elsewhere in the world. Synonyms include adapting, remaking, copying, imitating, mimicking, translating, customizing, indigenizing and domesticating. Few, if any, of these terms have a spatial dimension, although this aspect of variation and alteration is highlighted in the title of this collection. Descent and modification of TV programs are contextualized in terms of perceived levels of a multi-level television world. As outlined by O Regan (1993), Straubhaar (1997) and Chalaby (2005),