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What was home and family like in Paleolithic Europe? How did mobile hunter-gatherer families live, work, and play together in the fourteenth millennium BP? What were the functional and spatial constraints and markers of their domesticity—the processes that create and sustain a household?

Despite the long recognized absence of comprehensive archaeological data on such ancient homes and hearths, the archaeologists in this volume begin unraveling the domesticity of the Upper Paleolithic by drawing on both an immense trove of new material evidence and comparative site data, and a range of incisive and illuminating ethnographic analogies, theoretical models, and simulations. Five Late Magdalenian sites from the Paris Basin and one later Azilian site provide striking evidence of well preserved camps of short duration, situated on valley bottoms and buried by gentle floods. Of particular interest and value is the site of Verberie, rich in lithic tools, faunal remains, hearts, and other indicators of spatial organization, which has been excavated continuously for twenty-six years by the same director and provides an unparalleled source of information on Paleolithic domesticity. The first group of essays and reports look at the technology and demographic evidences of domesticity; the second set seeks clues to the spatial patterning of Paleolithic households; while the final essays draw on ethnographic analogies to reconstruct and interpret gendered divisions of labor, perishable technologies, and other activities not directly recognizable from archaeological remains.
Prefacing the Household

Introduction: Domesticity Expressed
Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James G. Enloe

Part I. Technology and Demography

1. Technology and Demographics: An Introduction
James G. Enloe

2. The Magdalenian Site of Verberie(Le Buisson Campin): An Overview
James G. Enloe and Françoise Audouze

3. Fauna and Site Structure at Verberie: Implications for Domesticity and Demography
James G. Enloe

4. Technologie Lithique à Verberie: Production Domestique et Apprentissage
Frédéric Janny

5. Utilisation et Transformation des Matières Osseuses au Buisson Campin (Verberie, Oise)
Aline Averbouh

6. Pincevent and Verberie Rocks and Hearths: A Tentative Summary/Preliminary Analysis Utilisation et Transformation des Matières Osseuses au Buisson Campin (Verberie, Oise)
Gaëlle Dumarçay and Madeleine Caron (+)

Part II. Social Organization

7. Introduction to Domesticity and Spatial Organization
Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James G. Enloe

8. Archaeology of Equality: Magdalenian Economy
Ezra Zubrow

9. GIS of Verberie: Spatial Defi nition of the Habitation Units
Dustin Keeler

10. Domesticity and Spatial Organization at Verberie
Françoise Audouze

11. Espaces et Habitats au Tardiglaciaire dans le Bassin Parisien: Une Illustration avec les Gisements Magdalenien de Pincevent et Azilien du Closeau
Pierre Bodu

12. Éléments d’une Organisation Sociale Magdalénienne àÉtiolles Du Savoir-faire au Statut Social des Personnes
Nicole Pigeot

13. Comparing Social Organizations of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers: A Swiss Example
Marie-Isabelle Cattin

Part III. From Today to Yesterday: Ethnographic Comparisons

14. Introduction to the Ethnographic Section: Focusing on Interpreting the Magdalenian Sites of the Paris Basin
Françoise Audouze

15. The Probable Sexual Division of Labor in Magdalenian Hide Working: Ethnological Evidence
Lawrence H. Keeley

16. The Roles of Perishable Technologies in Upper Paleolithic Lives
Olga Soffer and James M. Adovasio

17. Slaughter and Carcass Processing of Reindeer in Siberia: Patterns and Distribution of Tasks—Comparisons Between Prehistoric and Ethnoarchaeological Cases
Francine David, Claudine Karlin, and Vladimir D’lachenko

18. Méthode de Reconstitution des Procédés de Traitement des Peaux en Préhistoire: Premières Applications Archéologiques
Sylvie Beyries et Veerle Rots

Conclusion: Domesticity Re-expressed
James G. Enloe, Françoise Audouze, and Ezra Zubrow

English-French Index

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Archaeology

Anthropology

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Publié par	State University of New York Press
Date de parution	17 septembre 2010
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781438433684
Langue	English

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THE INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY DISTINGUISHED MONOGRAPH SERIES

Peter F. Biehl, Sarunas Milisauskas, and Stephen L. Dyson, editors
The Magdalenian Household: Unraveling Domesticity Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James Enloe, editors
Eventful Archaeologies: New Approaches to Social Transformation in the Archaeological Record Douglas J. Bolender, editor

THE MAGDALENIAN HOUSEHOLD
Unraveling Domesticity
EDITED BY Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James G. Enloe
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS

Logo and cover / interior art credit: a vessel with wagon motifs from Bronocice, Poland, 3400 bc. Courtesy of Sarunas Milisauskas and Janusz Kruk, 1982, Die Wagendarstellung auf einem Trichterbecher aus Bronocice, Polen, Archaölogisches Korrespondenzblatt 12: 141–144.
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2010 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu
Production, Eileen Meehan Marketing, Michael Campochiaro
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Magdalenian household : unraveling domesticity / Edited by Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James G.Enloe.
p.cm. — (The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology Distinguished Monograph Series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4384-3367-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-4384-3366-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Verberie Site (France) 2. Magdalenian culture—Franc—Paris Basin. 3. Tools, Prehistoric—France—Paris Basin. 4. Excavations (Archaeology)—France—Paris Basin. 5. Social archaeology—France—Paris Basin. 6. Paris Basin (France)—Antiquities.
I. Zubrow, Ezra B. W. II. Audouze, Françoise. III. Enloe, James G. (James Gordon)
GN772.2.M3.M25 2011
936.4—dc22
2010008241
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Prefacing the Household
T his book originated with a set of conversations that took place in Paris between Francoise Audouze and Ezra Zubrow in 2002 when Ezra Zubrow was a visiting fellow at CNRS's Maison Rene Ginouve' Archéologie and Ethnologie. The many glasses of wine along the quartier Saint Germain and dinners in Meudon resulted in 2003 with Ezra Zubrow receiving a grant from NSF for studying “The Origins of Domesticity in the Late Upper Paleolithic” (0314411). Two years later Ezra Zubrow, Francoise Audouze and James Enloe received a second NSF/CNRS Grant to have an international conference from the International—Western Europe Program. The proposal “From Spatial Constraint to Socio-Economic Organization: The Settlement and Technology of Magdalenian Hunters at Verberie” (0338401) resulted in a conference co-directed by Francoise Audouze, James Enloe, and Ezra Zubrow at the Chateau de Goutelas at Marcoux near Lyon from Tuesday 10th May 2005 through Saturday May 14th 2005.
More than twenty scholars from France, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy, United States and Asia were invited. They included the Professors Margaret Conkey (University of California Berkeley), Patrick Daly (National University of Singapore), James Enloe (University of Iowa), Lawrence H. Keeley (University of Illinois at Chicago), Olga Soffer (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Robert Whallon (University of Michigan), Ezra B.W. Zubrow (University at Buffalo), and Françoise Audouze (Directrice de Recherches CNRS (UMR 7041) Nanterre), Sylvie Beyries (Chargé de recherche CNRS, CEPAM laboratory (UMR 6130), Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne)), Aline Averbouh (Chargé de recherche CNRS, ESEP laboratory (UMR 6636), Aix-en-Provence), Jean-François Pastre (Chargé de recherche CNRS, laboratory of applied geology Sysiphe (UMR 7619), Meudon), Nicole Pigeot (Professeur à l'Université de Paris I (UMR 7041)), Veerle Rots (Post-doc at the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium), Pierre Bodu (Chargé de Recherche (UMR 7041) Nanterre), Marie-Isabelle Cattin (Archéologue, Laténum museum, Neuchatel, Confédération Helvétique), and Francine David and Claudine Karlin (Ingénieurs de recherche CNRS, ArScAn laboratory (UMR 7041), Nanterre), Michèle Julien (Directrice de Recherches CNRS (UMR 7041) Nanterre), and three graduate students Eva Hulse (University at Buffalo), Dustin Keeler (University at Buffalo) and Frédéric Janny (Graduate student (UMR7041)).
During the workshop, the focus evolved from the socio-economic constraints toward the more focused theme of household. Household was found to be a good battlefield for a friendly confrontation between conceptual American archaeologists and empiricist French Prehistorians: a priori models versus a posteriori models; simulation and GIS versus technology and microwear analyses, modeled/ecological ethnoarchaeology versus comparative ethnoarchaeology focused on reindeer exploitation. As a direct result of the conversations and debates, Enloe and Audouze have initiated a program of ground penetrating radar to determine if the previous excavations had essentially capture the entirety of the structured campsite at Verberie or if another household was present but not yet discovered.
Household is a universal social construct and over the millennia it has taken a variety of forms and has undergone substantial changes. However, this book is less concerned with the diversity of the household than with its origin and early forms some twelve thousand or more years ago. Its goals are not only conceptual but also empirical in that it provides considerable substantive data and interpretations about the Magdalenian Household and its thorough transformation at the end of the Tardiglacial.
The conference was a large success. Of course, some invitees were unable to participate and as the years have progressed some decided not to contribute their papers. The result is this volume which combines conceptual approaches, empirical results and interpretations that derive from both approaches.
It could not have been created without the hard work of a variety of people. Most important is Dustin Keeler. Without his extraordinary contribution of copy editing the manuscripts and keeping track of the many different versions of each paper, this volume could not have seen the light of day. In addition, the various reviewers contacted by the McDonald Institute and the SUNY Press have helped the editors create a better more integrated volume. Finally, we want to thank Gary Durham, the director of SUNY Press, and Peter Biehl, the director of the Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology (IEMA) for their help and willingness to see this project through.
The editors want to dedicate this volume to their children and grandchildren.
Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, James G. Enloe
Introduction
Domesticity Expressed
Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James G. Enloe
H ome and family are central to the human experience. We know little about the origins of this basic social organization for humans and the development of what we know today as domesticity. Domesticity has a very long past but archaeological evidence is missing for most of the millennia. Archaeological levels in caves represent such complex palimpsests that they cannot be used to reconstruct the spatial aspect of social life. The few huts in the Ukrainian plain during the late Middle Palaeolithic, the Pavlovian mammoth “dwellings” in the Ukrainian plain and in Moravia during the Early Upper Palaeolithic, repeatedly reoccupied, do not let us understand how domestic life was organized. 1
It is rightfully in archaeology that we must search for evidence of this; that evidence must be material in nature. The most evident archaeological remain is the hearth, which plays a universal role in traditional societies. There are close relationships among household, home, and hearth. It is so fundamental that in French, the same word foyer (hearth) is used for speaking about the central domestic fit replace, the household, and the “house as home.” It is still used in this broad meaning, in particular in the expressions foyer conjugal , a married couple's home.

W HAT I S D OMESTICITY ?
Domesticity can be defined as the processes that make up the creation and sustaining of the household. Whether there is an extended or a nuclear family, a household has functional and spatial constraints. It must provide space for sleeping, storage, food preparation, cooking, and eating, education and play facilities for children, an area for gathering, and everyday craft activities such as making clothing. Spatially, it has contiguity and clearly has boundaries that separate the areas controlled by one family group from the areas controlled by another (see Kooyman 2006 ). Economically, it is both a productive and consuming unit. Socially the household is a physical representation of related kin. Psychologically a household enforces solidarity ties and creates the emotional conditions that characterize ho