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137 pages

English

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Description

How can we assess the ability of a place to respond to challenges like migration, recession and disease? Places which seem similar can respond very differently, and with varying degrees of success, to external threats and to the interventions designed to manage them.

In this magisterial work, drawing on decades of research, Sandra Wallman explores how we can measure and compare the resilience of communities, looking in detail at neighbourhoods in London, Rome and Zambia. Each locale is examined as a system which is more or less open or closed; open systems tend to be more resilient when faced with external challenges.

As well as being a fascinating study in its own right, the book includes detailed accounts of the research methods used, as well as a user-friendly typology for classifying local systems, making it an invaluable tool for students, researchers and policy-makers.
Acknowledgements

1. Themes And A Model

2. London – Ethnicity Or Localism?

3. Rome – Migrants And Migration

4. Zambia – Terrains And Tuberculosis

5. Three Sets Of Methods, One Methodology

6. Towards Typology

Appendices

List Of Figures

List Of Works Cited

Index

Sujets

Social Science

Sociologie, société et politique

Anthropology

Research

Social

Culture

Informations

Publié par	Pluto Press
Date de parution	04 août 2011
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781783713820
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1850€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

The Capability of Places
Anthropology, Culture and Society
Series Editors:
Professor Vered Amit, Concordia University
and
Dr Jon P. Mitchell, University of Sussex
Recent titles:
Claiming Individuality:
The Cultural Politics of Distinction
E DITED BY V ERED A MIT AND N OEL D YCK
Home Spaces, Street Styles:
Contesting Power and Identity in a South African City
L ESLIE J. B ANK
In Foreign Fields:
The Politics and Experiences of Transnational Sport Migration
T HOMAS F. C ARTER
On the Game:
Women and Sex Work
S OPHIE D AY
Slave of Allah:
Zacarias Moussaoui vs the USA
K ATHERINE C. D ONAHUE
A World of Insecurity:
Anthropological Perspectives on Human Security
E DITED BY T HOMAS E RIKSEN , E LLEN B AL AND O SCAR S ALEMINK
A History of Anthropology
T HOMAS H YLLAND E RIKSEN AND F INN S IVERT N IELSEN
Ethnicity and Nationalism:
Anthropological Perspectives Third Edition
T HOMAS H YLLAND E RIKSEN
Globalisation:
Studies in Anthropology
E DITED BY T HOMAS H YLLAND E RIKSEN
Small Places, Large Issues:
An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology Third Edition
T HOMAS H YLLAND E RIKSEN
What is Anthropology?
T HOMAS H YLLAND E RIKSEN
Anthropology, Development and the Post-Modern Challenge
K ATY G ARDNER AND D AVID L EWIS
Corruption:
Anthropological Perspectives
E DITED BY D IETER H ALLER AND C RIS S HORE
Anthropology’s World:
Life in a Twenty-First Century Discipline
U LF H ANNERZ
Culture and Well-Being:
Anthropological Approaches to Freedom and Political Ethics
E DITED BY A LBERTO C ORSIN J IMENEZ
State Formation:
Anthropological Perspectives
E DITED BY C HRISTIAN K ROHN -H ANSEN AND K NUT G. N USTAD
Cultures of Fear:
A Critical Reader
E DITED BY U LI L INKE AND D ANIELLE T AANA S MITH
Fair Trade and a Global Commodity:
Coffee in Costa Rica
P ETER L UETCHFORD
The Will of the Many:
How the Alterglobalisation Movement is Changing the Face of Democracy
M ARIANNE M AECKELBERGH
The Aid Effect:
Giving and Governing in International Development
E DITED BY D AVID M OSSE AND D AVID L EWIS
Cultivating Development:
An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice
D AVID M OSSE
Ethnic Distinctions, Local Meanings:
Negotiating Cultural Identities in China
M ARY R ACK
Terror and Violence:
Imagination and the Unimaginable
E DITED BY A NDREW S TRATHERN , P AMELA J. S TEWART AND N EIL L. W HITEHEAD
Anthropology, Art and Cultural Production
M ARUŠKA S VAŠEK
Race and Ethnicity in Latin America
Second Edition
P ETER W ADE
Race and Sex in Latin America
P ETER W ADE
Anthropology at the Dawn of the Cold War:
The Influence of Foundations, McCarthyism and the CIA
E DITED BY D USTIN M. W AX
Learning Politics from Sivaram:
The Life and Death of a Revolutionary Tamil Journalist in Sri Lanka
M ARK P. W HITAKER
THE CAPABILITY OF PLACES
Methods for Modelling Community Response to Intrusion and Change
Sandra Wallman
with Virginia Bond, Maria Alessia Montuori and Mai Vidali, assisted throughout by Rossella Lo Conte
First published 2011 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.plutobooks.com
Distributed in the United States of America exclusively by
Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
Copyright © Sandra Wallman 2011
The right of Sandra Wallman to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN  978 0 7453 3146 1  Hardback
ISBN  978 0 7453 3145 4  Paperback
ISBN  978 1 8496 4617 8  PDF eBook
ISBN  978 1 7837 1383 7  Kindle eBook
ISBN  978 1 7837 1382 0  EPUB eBook
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin.
10   9   8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1
Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd
Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England
Simultaneously printed digitally by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, UK and Edwards Bros in the United States of America
This book is dedicated to the memory of:
Yvonne Dhooge (1949–1996), who enabled the ball to start rolling in the first London study, and whose early insights into the capability of places have enhanced the story ever since
and to
Mohammad Muzzafar Ali (‘ Sher Khan ’) (1947–2009), refugee and leader of immigrants, who was found dead on the pavement in Piazza Vittorio Emanuele after 20 years in Italy waiting for asylum status.
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgements
1 Themes and a Model
2 London – Ethnicity or Localism?
3 Rome – Migrants and Migration
4 Zambia – Terrains and Tuberculosis
5 Three Sets of Methods, One Methodology
6 Towards Typology
Appendices
A    London
B    Rome
C    Zambia
D    Methods
Notes
References
Index
List of Figures and Tables
FIGURES
1.1 Continuum between ideal types
1.2 Boundary effect
1.3 Local network effect
2.1 Map of Greater London Boroughs
2.2 LARA Housing Action Area
2.3 Medway Road Housing Action Area
2.4a Battersea street scene (1982), showing mixed housing options
2.4b Battersea back gardens, showing connectedness
2.4c Bow street (Medway Road), showing identical terraces and high rise blocks
2.4d Bow Housing Estate (Anthill Road)
2.5 Levels of the local
3.1 Map of Esquilino and Pigneto
3.2a Pigneto street scene, showing unplanned urban landscape
3.2b Pigneto central square, showing convivial local life
3.2c Esquilino: classical arched thoroughfare
3.2d Esquilino: typical monumental architecture
4.1 Map of 16 ZAMSTAR sites in Zambia
4.2 Allocation of ZAMSTAR interventions across four arms
4.3a George: typical housing (2005)
4.3b George: local drug store
4.3c Senama: typical housing (2005)
4.3d Senama market place
5.1 Research methods in context
5.2 London: indicators contrasting Battersea and Bow
5.3 Rome: indicators contrasting Pigneto and Esquilino
5.4 Zambia: indicators contrasting George and Senama
A1 Map to record Geographic Distance of people named in a Personal Network
A2 Map to record Affective Distance of people named in a Personal Network
C1 Annual risk of TB infection in 16 communities in Zambia
C2 Completion rates for ten sites
C3a George: individuals submitting sputum, by route
C3b Senama: individuals submitting sputum, by route
TABLES
2.1 Tenancy type in LARA in 1974 and 1978 (%)
2.2 Birthplace of LARA resident population in 1978 (totals and %)
2.3 Tenancy type in Medway Road in 1982 (totals and %)
2.4 Birthplace of Medway Road resident population in 1982 (totals and %)
2.5 Baseline difference of indicators in the London setting
3.1 Indicators in the Rome setting
3.2 Summary contrast between Pigneto and Esquilino
4.1 Indicators in the Zambia setting
4.2 First attempt at applying open:closed to Zambian sites
4.3 Qualitative assessment of all 16 sites
4.4 Sixteen sites along the open:closed continuum
4.5 Zambian sites classified open to closed ‘in feeling’
4.6 Constrained randomisation factors by community in Zambia
5.1 Layered continua/ meta -indicator frame
6.1 Field guide to the meta -indicators
6.2 Summary contrast between open and closed
A1 Age (%)
A2 Country of origin (%)
A3 Ethnic origin (%)
A4 Education/qualification (%)
A5 Social grade (%)
A6 Socio-economic classification (%)
A7 Occupation group (%)
A8 Industry of employment (%)
A9 Dwelling types (%)
A10 People living in dwelling types (%)
A11 Number of people per household (%)
A12 Household composition (%)
A13 Tenure (%)
A14 Travel to work (%)
B1 Italian population family size, 1991 (%)
B2 Population age structure, 1991 and 2005 (total values and %)
B3 Foreign population age structure, 2005 (% of total foreign population)
B4 Presence of foreigners (total values and %)
C1 Stigmatising perceptions of transmission among household members in George (N = 188)
C2a TB patients in George (N = 224), stigmatisation and disclosure
C2b PLWH in George (N = 60), stigmatisation and disclosure
C3 Stigmatising perceptions of transmission among household members in Senama (N = 142)
C4a TB patients in Senama (N = 157), stigmatisation and disclosure
C4b PLWH in Senama (N = 73), stigmatisation and disclosure
Acknowledgements
I cannot name the many people who have enabled or added value to this project over the years, most recently the publisher’s anonymous reviewers, but their input is warmly acknowledged. Other individuals and institutions can be specified. Each of the three studies was formally sponsored by a different agency and involved its own set of researchers, fieldworkers and informants. They are named, with appreciation, in footnotes to their respective chapters. The book has come together during the period of my participation in the EU/FP6 Network of Excellence ‘SUS.DIV’ ( Sustainable Development in a Diverse World ), originally convened by Dr Dino Pinelli and hosted throughout by Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) in Milan. I am grateful to Valeria Papponetti at FEEM, and to Professor Maddy Janssens, the current convenor of the network, who allocated funds so that the team involved in the book could come together to brainstorm it face to face. This collective effort shows throughout the volume: my sincere thanks to Ginnie Bond, Alessia Montuori, Mai Vidali and Rossella Lo Conte for their good-natured commitment to seeing it through. Dr Raffaele Bracalenti and Dr Vanya Stenius at the Istituto Psicoanalitico per le Ricerci Sociali (IPRS) in Rome were generous contributors to the discussion and to the suc