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In the early 1990s, the countries of the former Soviet Bloc faced an urgent need to reform the systems by which they delivered broad, basic social welfare to their citizens. Inherited systems were inefficient and financially unsustainable. Linda J. Cook here explores the politics and policy of social welfare from 1990 to 2004 in the Russian Federation, Poland, Hungary, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.Most of these countries, she shows, tried to institute reforms based on a liberal paradigm of reduced entitlements and subsidies, means-testing, and privatization. But these proposals provoked opposition from pro-welfare interests, and the politics of negotiating change varied substantially from one political arena to another. In Russia, for example, liberalizing reform was blocked for a decade. Only as Vladimir Putin rose to power did the country change its inherited welfare system.Cook finds that the impact of economic pressures on welfare was strongly mediated by domestic political factors, including the level of democratization and balance of pro- and anti-reform political forces. Postcommunist welfare politics throughout Russia and Eastern Europe, she shows, are marked by the large role played by bureaucratic welfare stakeholders who were left over from the communist period and, in weak states, by the development of informal processes in social sectors.

Sujets

Sociologie, société et politique

USSR

USA

United States of America

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Russia

History of Europe

Central

États-Unis

Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques

Russie

Informations

Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	15 janvier 2011
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780801460098
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,7500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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PostcommunistWelfareStates

ReformPoliticsinRussiaand Eastern Europe

LindaJ.Cook

CornellUniversityPressIthaca and London

Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

Firstpublished2007byCornellUniversityPressFirst printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2013 Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Cook, Linda J. Postcommunist welfare states : reform politics in Russia and Eastern Europe / Linda J. Cook. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9780801445262 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 9780801479007 (paper : alk. paper) 1. Public welfare—Russia (Federation) 2. Public welfare—Europe, Eastern. 3. Welfare state—Russia (Federation) 4. Welfare state—Europe, Eastern. 5. Post communism—Russia (Federation) 6. Postcommu nism—Europe, Eastern. 7. Russia (Federation)—Politics and government—1991– 8. Europe, Eastern—politics and government—1989– I. Title.

HV315.15.c66 2007 361.6’50947—dc22

2007018956 CornellUniversityPressstrivestouseenvironmentallyrespon sible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable based, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress. cornell.edu.

Cloth printing Paperback printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To MyFather,RolandA.Cookand theMemoryofMyMother,AnnaL.(Herlihy)Cookfortheirwisdom,support,andencouragementalways

ListofFiguresandTablesAcknowledgments

Contents

Introduction: Welfare States and Postcommunist Transitions 1. Old Welfare State Structures and Reform Strategies 2. Nonnegotiated Liberalization: Decentralizing Russia’s Welfare State and Moving It OffBudget 3. Contested Liberalization: Russia’s Politics of Polarization and Informalization 4. Welfare Reform in Putin’s Russia: Negotiating Liberalization within the Elite 5. Comparing Postcommunist Welfare State Politics: Poland, Hungary, Kazakhstan, and Belarus Conclusion:NegotiatingWelfareinDemocraticandAuthoritarian Transitions Index

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FiguresandTables

FiguresI.1 Main actors in postcommunist welfare state reform

1.1 GDP annual percentage change, 1990–2004 2.1 Education, distribution of expenditures between government levels, 1992–1996 2.2 Social protection, distribution of expenditures between government levels, 1992–1996 3.1 Real expenditures on health and education, Russian Federation, 1991–1998 5.1 Public and private beneﬁts in reformed pension systems 5.2 Public and private healthcare expenditures, 1998 and 2002

TablesI.1 Contrasting welfare state outcomes in the postcommunist transition I.2 Main actors in domestic politicalpower balances for welfare state reform

16 47

125 233

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