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318 pages

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Description

When forces of globalisation and local culture converge, distinctive social habitats are created. Drawing on case studies of South Asian, East African, Melanesian and European societies, Identity and Affect provides a contextual analysis of the formation and expression of local identities and of the affective self-constitution of social agents.

The contributors examine in particular the growing fragmentation of social relations in these areas and the impact this is having on individuals and communities who, forced into an increasingly outward orientation, are initiating processes of cultural redefinition and social realignment.

The different effects of colonialism on identity formation are examined in studies of communalism in Sri Lanka, untouchables in India, cargo cults in New Guinea and the substitution of food exchange for cannibalism in Kaluana. Focusing on Italians in London and south Asians in East Africa, the formation and experience of belonging to cultural diaspora is explored from the perspective of the individual and the social collectivity. The authors conclude with an exploration of some of the defining experiences of modernity, specifically how individuals in industrial capitalist societies have come to see their identity as dependent on modern forms of industrial, public sector work.
Preface

1. The Political Economy of Identity and Affect by Alan Rew & John R. Campbell

PART I: ‘Becoming ....’

2. Constructing identities in nineteenth century Colombo by R.l. Stirrat (School of African and Asian Studies At the University of Sussex)

3. Responding to subordination: Identity and change among South Indian Untouchable Castes by David Mosse (School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London)

4. Feasting friends, eating enemies: Amity & enmity in Kalauna by Michael W. Young (The Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University)

5. States of anxiety: Cultural identities and development management in east New Britain by Alan Rew (University of Wales and Director of the Centre for Development Studies At Swansea)

PART II: ‘Belonging ...’

6. Culture, social organisation and Asian identity: Difference in Urban East Africa by John Campbell (University of Wales, Swansea)

7. Historicity and communality: Narratives about the origins of the Italian ‘community’ in Britain by Anne-Marie Fortier (Concordia University, Montreal)

PART III: ‘Being ...'

8. ‘An African Railwayman is a railwaymen’ .... Or the subject of the subject of the subject by Ralph Grillo (School of African and Asian Studies, University of Sussex)

9. Celebrating diverse identities: Person, work and place in south Wales by Len Mars (University of Wales, Swansea)

10. The organisation of development as an illness: About the metastasis good intentions by Phillip Q. Van Ufford (Free University of Amsterdam)

Index

Sujets

Social Science

Sociologie, société et politique

Anthropology

Informations

Publié par	Pluto Press
Date de parution	20 février 1999
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781849640459
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,6250€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

IDENTITY AND AFFECT EXPERIENCES OF IDENTITY IN A GLOBALISING WORLD

EDITED BY JOHNR. CAMPBELL ANDALANREW

P Pluto Press LONDON • STERLING, VIRGINIA

First published 1999 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166–2012, USA

The right of the individual contributors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 7453 1428 7 hbk

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Identity and affect : experiences of identity in a globalising world / edited by John R. Campbell and Alan Rew. p. cm. — (Anthropology, culture, and society) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0–7453–1428–7 (hbk) 1. Ethnicity. 2. Group identity. 3. Acculturation. 4. Social change. I. Campbell, John R., 1951– . II. Rew, Alan, 1941– III. Series. GN495.6.I336 1999 305.8—dc21 98–42633 CIP

Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Production Services, Chadlington, OX7 3LN Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton Printed in the EC by TJ International, Padstow

CONTENTS

Notes on Contributors Preface

1. The Political Economy of Identity and Affect Alan Rew and John R. Campbell

Part I

‘Becoming ...’

2. Constructing Identities in Nineteenth-century Colombo R.L. Stirrat 3. Responding to Subordination: Identity and Change among South Indian Untouchable Castes David Mosse 4. Feasting Friends, Eating Enemies: Amity and Enmity in Kalauna Michael W. Young 5. States of Anxiety: Cultural Identities and Development Management in East New Britain Alan Rew

Part II

‘Belonging ...’

6. Culture, Social Organisation and Asian Identity: Difference in Urban East Africa John R. Campbell 7. Historicity and Communality: Narratives about the Origins of the Italian ‘Community’ in Britain Anne-Marie Fortier

vii ix

105

130

169

199

vi Part III

‘Being ...’

Identity and Affect

8. ‘An African Railwayman is a Railwayman’ ... Or the Subject of the Subject of the Subject Ralph Grillo 9. Celebrating Diverse Identities: Person, Work and Place in South Wales Leonard Mars 10. The Organisation of Development as an Illness: About the Metastasis of Good Intentions Philip Quarles van Ufford

Index

227

251

275

294

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

John R. Campbellis a lecturer in anthropology at the University of Wales, Swansea. He has conducted fieldwork in Ghana, Tanzania and Ethiopia, and has been involved in development work in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya and Botswana. His work has focused on urban and rural development, ethnicity and identity, NGOs, and on nationalism and development in the Horn and in East Africa.

Anne-Marie Fortieris a postdoctoral research fellow at the Centre for Research on Citizenship and Social Transformation at Concordia University, Montreal; she will shortly be joining the Department of Sociology at the University of Lancaster. Her areas of study include identity, gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity. Her forthcoming book Italians Never Die, They Just Pasta Away? Indeterminacy, Continuity and the Location of Culture, examines the formation of an Italian emigré culture in Britain, with a special emphasis on the construction of gendered, generational and ethnic subjects.

Ralph Grillois Professor of Social Anthropology in the School of African and Asian Studies, University of Sussex. Formerly the Dean of the School, he is presently the Director of the Graduate Research Centre for Comparative Study of Culture, Development and the Environment. His publications includeAfrican Railwaymen(1973), Ideologies and Institutions in Urban France(1985),Dominant Languages (1989) andPluralism and the Politics of Difference: Ethnicity, State and Culture in Comparative Perspective(Berg, 1988).

Leonard Marsis a lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Wales, Swansea. In addition toThe Village and the State(1980), he has published inComparative Studies in Society in History, Jewish Social Studies, Food and Foodwaysand elsewhere. He is currently engaged in vii

viiiIdentity and Affect ESRC-funded research on the reconstruction of ethnic and religious identity in post-communist Hungary.

David Mosseis at the Anthropology Department of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He has lived and worked in India since 1978. His research interests in south India focus on popular religion and vernacular Christianity,dalitmovements, environmental history and indigenous irrigation. He worked as Oxfam Country Representative in Bangalore (1987–91) and as a long-term social development consultant with a participatory natural resources project in tribal western India (1990–98). He now combines active engagement in rural development with teaching and research on the anthropology of development.

Alan Rewis Professor of Development Policy and Planning in the University of Wales and Director of the Centre for Development Studies at Swansea. He is an anthropologist whose main area of writing and teaching concerns the interface between development practice and social institutions. He has extensive academic and planning experience in the Pacific, and is currently investigating, and advising on, the impact of poverty reduction initiatives in Orissa and in Kenya.

R.L. Stirratteaches in the School of African and Asian Studies at the University of Sussex. His main research interests are concerned with religion and the anthropology of development, primarily in Sri Lanka.

Philip Quarles van Uffordteaches anthropology and development sociology at the Free University of Amsterdam. He has a special interest in the analysis of development policy and has published many papers on NGOs, rural development, chaos theory, the ideology of the market, development morality and religion and development. His main areas of study are in Southeast Asia.

Michael W. Youngteaches anthropology in the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University. He has been carrying out fieldwork in Kalauna in the Massim area of eastern Papua New Guinea since the late 1960s about which he has written extensively. Recently, and at the request of the family, he has been working on an official biography of Bronislaw Malinowski.

PREFACE

The chapters in this book focus on the experience of identity as a key problem in social organisation. Most commentators on global and local social change can readily acknowledge that ‘identity’ will be fundamental to their social analysis; yet most also find it a perplexing and contradictory concept when trying to capture the force and experience of self-consciousness and collective awareness. ‘Identity’ is regularly thought of as intimate in its meaning and referents; yet is also often macro-political in its texture, context and effects. The pathways to and from social identity suggest divergent causal sequences – use is made of the affectual element in intimate bonds in order to source the meaning of binding political ethnicity; reference is made to national political and economic fault lines to explain enforced choices in the primary social roles of gender, employment, caste, religion and citizen. These perplexities led us to explore social identity further, through the present volume and through the formulation of two central questions: How do the intensely felt emotions aroused within individuals by their participation in the intimate cultures of family and locality feed into the experience of sharedsocialidentity at local, regional and national levels; and how are the trials, processes and experiences of individual life-projects and identity structured and fragmented under radically different global conditions? Alternation between the intimate and political economic aspects of identity has been central to the discussions in and around the development of the chapters in this book. These were also questions which emerged in explicit form in the workshop held at the University of Wales Swansea in June 1996 to consider the first drafts. In addressing these questions in the chapters in this book, and at the workshop, we have been more than usually aware that the volume is a joint one. The collaborators came to the discussions with a wide ix

xIdentity and Affect range of theoretical and ethnographic problems about identity: the use of psychoanalytic theory in the anthropology of identity; the historical evolution of ethnic and national identities which either divide or unite contemporary nation-states; the changing character of work and employment as a source of primary identity; the salience of identity and affect in South Asia, Melanesia, East Africa and contemporary Britain. The workshop discussions and the large volume of preceding and subsequent joint thinking confirmed our view that there was here a project which was very under-theorised or developed. All contributors felt the issue was a critical contemporary one for anthropology. The always common and continuing presence throughout the period of collaborative writing and editorial work – because of his seminal writing on identity – was A.L. Epstein. Although he was not present at the workshop, and came to know of the volume only when it was nearly complete, Bill Epstein’s work served as a guiding inspiration. The chapters are therefore intended as a tribute and acknowledgement of his many and profound contributions. He has taken the debate on social identity forward in a quite unique way and done so in a range of settings – in rapidly changing yet also culturally continuous urban and rural contexts and in ways that show how affect and identity and local, colonial and national politics are inter-digitated on the Zambian Copperbelt and among the Tolai of Papua New Guinea. We benefited too from the active participation and generous suggestions of a number of other collaborators and colleagues. Richard Jenkins, a former colleague, read an article on Danish identity and their national flag at the Swansea workshop, and made many valuable suggestions on the individual chapters and for the introductory chapter. Margaret Kenna was generous with her time and suggestions and led the discussion on Michael Young’s chapter as he could not attend the Swansea meeting in person. At an earlier stage, Karen Tranberg Hansen of Northwestern University had helped in the initial discussions which finally shaped the project. A seminar paper at Swansea by Robin Cohen on similar issues came at a very opportune time; we then benefited greatly from his insightful comments on the manuscript. Hazel Lewis administered the key workshop with her usual skill and efficiency and was the frictionless conduit through which John

Prefacexi Campbell and I organised editorial meetings and the flow of scripts. The single most important ingredient in the editorial process was John Campbell’s commitment to and insight into the central ideas, his organisational skills and his persistence.

Alan Rew Swansea, May 1998

For Bill Epstein