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255 pages

English

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Since the 1990s, popular culture the world over has frequently looked to the ’hood for inspiration, whether in music, film, or television. Habitus of the Hood explores the myriad ways in which the hood has been conceived—both within the lived experiences of its residents and in the many mediated representations found in popular culture. Using a variety of methodologies including autoethnography, textual studies, and critical discourse analysis, contributors analyze and connect these various conceptions.

Chapter 1: Introduction – Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre

PART I: THE HOOD AS LIVED PRACTICE – Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre

Chapter 2: Resistance to the Present: Dead Prez – Hans A. Skott-Myhre

Chapter 3: Sì Siamo Italiani!: Ethnocultural Identity, Class Consciousness, and Anarchic Sensibilities in an Italian-Canadian Working-Class Enclave – Stephen L. Muzzatti

Chapter 4: Precarious Life: On Dwelling, Mobility, and Artistic Intervention – Erin Morton and Sarah E.K. Smith

Chapter 5: Living “The Strip”: Negotiating Neighborhood, Community, and Identity on Australia’s Gold Coast – Sarah Baker, Andy Bennett, and Patricia Wise

Chapter 6: Habitus and Rethinking the Discourse of Youth Gangs, Crime, Violence, and Ghetto Communities – Tamari Kitossa

Chapter 7: Activist Literacy in the Hood: Lessons for Youth and Urban Education – Pamela Hollander and Justin Hollander

Chapter 8: The Girls from Compton Go to College – Donna J. Nicol and Jennifer A. Yee

PART II: REPRESENTING THE HOOD IN MUSIC, FILM, AND ART – Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre

Chapter 9: Making “Changes”: 2Pac, Nas, and the Habitus of the Hood – Chris Richardson

Chapter 10: The Mobile Hood: Realness and the Rules of the Game – Thomas R. Britt

Chapter 11: Hip Hop’s Cultural Relevancy in the Hood: Examining the “Subversive” in Urban School Curricula – Katie Sciurba

Chapter 12: The Hood is Where the Heart is: Melodrama, Habitus, and the Hood Film – Andrew de Waard

Chapter 13: Do Not Believe the Hype: The Death and Resurrection of Public Housing in the American Visual Imagination – Nicola Mann

Chapter 14: From the Bronx to Berlin: Hip-Hop Gra!ti and Spatial Reconfigurations of the Hood – David Drissel

Sujets

Ethnic Studies

Social Science

Popular Culture

Sociologie, société et politique

General officer

Cultural studies

General

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Publié par	Intellect Books
Date de parution	04 décembre 2012
Nombre de lectures	1
EAN13	9781841506906
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1900€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Habitus of the Hood
Habitus of the Hood
Edited by Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre

intellect Bristol, UK / Chicago, USA
First published in the UK in 2012 by
Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK
First published in the USA in 2012 by
Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Copyright 2012 Intellect Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover designer: Holly Rose
Copy-editor: MPS Ltd
Typesetting: Mac Style, Beverley, E. Yorkshire
Production manager: Tim Mitchell
ISBN 978-1-84150-479-7/EISBN 978-1-84150-690-6
Printed and bound by Hobbs, UK.
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre
Part I: The Hood As Lived Practice
Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre
Chapter 2: Resistance to the Present: Dead Prez
Hans A. Skott-Myhre
Chapter 3: S Siamo Italiani!: Ethnocultural Identity, Class Consciousness, and Anarchic Sensibilities in an Italian-Canadian Working-Class Enclave
Stephen L. Muzzatti
Chapter 4: Precarious Life: On Dwelling, Mobility, and Artistic Intervention
Erin Morton and Sarah E.K. Smith
Chapter 5: Living The Strip : Negotiating Neighborhood, Community, and Identity on Australia s Gold Coast
Sarah Baker, Andy Bennett, and Patricia Wise
Chapter 6: Habitus and Rethinking the Discourse of Youth Gangs, Crime, Violence, and Ghetto Communities
Tamari Kitossa
Chapter 7: Activist Literacy in the Hood: Lessons for Youth and Urban Education
Pamela Hollander and Justin Hollander
Chapter 8: The Girls from Compton Go to College
Donna J. Nicol and Jennifer A. Yee
Part II: Representing the Hood in Music, Film, and Art
Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre
Chapter 9: Making Changes : 2Pac, Nas, and the Habitus of the Hood
Chris Richardson
Chapter 10: The Mobile Hood: Realness and the Rules of the Game
Thomas R. Britt
Chapter 11: Hip Hop s Cultural Relevancy in the Hood: Examining the Subversive in Urban School Curricula
Katie Sciurba
Chapter 12: The Hood is Where the Heart is: Melodrama, Habitus, and the Hood Film
Andrew deWaard
Chapter 13: Do Not Believe the Hype: The Death and Resurrection of Public Housing in the American Visual Imagination
Nicola Mann
Chapter 14: From the Bronx to Berlin: Hip-Hop Graffiti and Spatial Reconfigurations of the Hood
David Drissel
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chris Richardson and Hans A. Skott-Myhre
The habitus of the hood
T he hood embodies both the utopian and dystopian aspects of low-income urban areas. It represents an awareness of community, an enclosed space in which residents are united in their daily struggles. It also signifies an isolated, marginalized, and often-criminalized space that appears frequently in popular media representations, legal discourses, and public discussions. The popularity of the word hood , here slang for neighborhood , is generally associated with the emergence of hip-hop culture in the 1980s. The word also became highly visible after a series of hood films were produced in the early 1990s. The most popular of these films were John Singleton s Boyz N the Hood (1991), Ernest Dickerson s Juice (1992), and the Hughes brothers Menace II Society (1993) . Today, however, the hood signifies much more than the young, predominantly black subculture in North America from which it originated. The chapters in this collection demonstrate that the hood has now expanded to Europe, Australasia, and many spaces in between, incorporating a plurality of ethnicities and subcultures as global capital and new media technologies collapse previous notions of time and space.
The concept of the hood can be both liberating and limiting. Residents associate certain life possibilities with their surroundings, which they internalize and act upon. This conception has both real and symbolic consequences for individuals inside as well as outside the hood. It pushes people in certain directions and creates values, practices, and judgments that are often shared within similar communities. As the saying goes, you can take me out of the hood but you can t take the hood out of me. This internalizing of one s environment, its implications, and its representations, are what we seek to interrogate in the following chapters.
We argue that Bourdieu s (2007 [1977]) notion of habitus , a system of durable, transposable dispositions that form principles which generate and organize practices and representations (p. 72), is a valuable theoretical tool for analyzing the hood. While the term habitus , a Latin word meaning habitude, mode of life, or general appearance, may be as old as the ancient philosophers, we use the term as promoted by Bourdieu, particularly in Outline of a Theory of Practice (2007). 1 In this book, we also expand Bourdieu s concept through a reading of Robin Cooper s (2005) dwelling place, which she explains as a kind of knowing one s way about . . . [that] implies a freedom to move in some domain or other, which is more akin to sure-footedness (p. 304). In addition, Cornel West (1999a) provides a useful distinction between hood and neighborhood , which he argues represents the difference between extreme individualism and collective identity. Finally, we approach the hood as a concept la Deleuze and Guattari (1994), as a space that is perpetually becoming , a space constituted by revolutions and societies of friends, societies of resistance; because to create is to resist; pure becomings, pure events on a plane of immanence (p. 110).
This collection explores how the hood is conceived within the lived experiences of residents and within mediated representations in popular culture. 2 Whether fictional or documentary, representations of the hood embody potentialities. Like habitus, the hood is a past which survives the present and tends to perpetuate itself into the future (Bourdieu, 2007, p. 82). The relationship of individual subjects with the social conditions in which they live is explored in this collection through methodologies such as (auto) ethnography, textual analysis, and critical discourse analysis. By examining this relationship through different lenses and with different focal points, we illuminate the similarities between (neighbor)hoods while also examining the particularities of hoods populated by multiracial, multisexual, and multicultural families (Skott-Myhre, Chapter 2 ), youth along the Gold Coast in Australia (Baker, Bennett, & Wise, Chapter 5 ), and young women in the inner suburbs of Los Angeles (Nicol & Yee, Chapter 8 ). As Hagedorn (2007) argues, the elements of crime that were once considered part of the twentieth-century North American hood now inhabit the global city. In other words, confining the hood to cities like New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles is no longer accurate. One telling example of this change is evident in Wacquant s (2008) introduction to his recent study of urban marginality. He begins by pointing out the similarities and differences between what can roughly translate as the global hood - the American ghetto, the French banlieue , the Italian quartieri periferici , the Swedish problemomrade , the Brazilian favela , and the Argentinian villa miseria . Evidently, while the hood may continue to hold distinctly American connotations, there is something in virtually every country on the globe that knows marginality, poverty, and stigma. We intend to address this expanded definition of the hood through our exploration of the hood as habitus.
Before turning to these studies, we would first like to explore what is at stake. How is the hood related to Bourdieu s concept of habitus? Is there a clear difference between neighborhood and hood? Is the hood a spectacle or a dwelling place? In the following chapters, we reflect upon what these questions imply, how we might negotiate them, and the importance of such intellectual work. At a time when inquiries such as these can very easily be pushed aside by more prestigious or empirical work (often by individuals and institutions with no connection to hoods in their communities and who remain dismissive of such research tout court ), this exploration is incredibly important. The publication of this book broadens the intellectual scope of previous arguments in the fields of cultural studies, sociology, critical pedagogy, and child and youth work. Perhaps, more importantly, it recognizes a situation that has been increasing in scope and severity over the last few decades. As transnational corporations and capital markets struggle to extend their reach and the middle classes that formed in the late twentieth century quickly dissolve, the hoods are becoming more populated (see Hollander & Hollander, Chapter 7 ), residents are growing more desperate, and youth are becoming increasingly frustrated. We feel this exploration could not be more important, necessary, and timely.
The hood as habitus
The forging of a relationship between individuals and their environments is an important and complex part of socialization. The experiences and attitudes one witnesses first-hand at home, on the streets, and in schools shape practices and beliefs that are likely to be repeated in the future. Bourdieu (1984) writes of this connection as a relationship between the two capacities which define the habitus, the capacity to produce classifiable practices and works, and the capacity to differentiate and appreciate these practices and products (p. 170). In essence, habitus is a cyclical - but alterable - series of behaviors that determines how individuals see and act within their environments. Bourdieu notes that the eye is a product of history reproduced by education (p. 3).