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TFP brings together international researchers, students and industry professionals dedicated to promoting new research directions and to investigating the relationship between functional programming and other branches of Computer Science. This TFP volume includes some of the latest trends of functional programming, and it is an essential part of any modern programming languages library.

PREFACE BY LIESBET VAN ZOONEN

SECTION I: GENDERED POLITICS

SECTION II: EMBODIED PERFORMATIVITIES

SECTION III: GENDERED SOCIALISATIONS

CONCLUSION BY CLAUDIA ALVARES, SOFIE VAN BAUWEL AND TONNY KRIJNEN

Sujets

Arts visuels

Media Studies

Social Science

Popular Culture

Sociologie, société et politique

History of art

General officer

Art

General

Cultural Studies

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Publié par	Intellect Books Ltd
Date de parution	27 avril 2011
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781841504414
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1600€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Gendered Transformations
Theory and Practices on Gender and Media
European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA)
This series consists of books arising from the intellectual work of ECREA members. Books address themes relevant to the ECREA s interests; make a major contribution to the theory, research, practice and/or policy literature; are European in scope; and represent a diversity of perspectives. Book proposals are refereed.
Series Editors
Nico Carpentier
Fran ois Heinderyckx
Series Advisory Board
Denis McQuail
Robert Picard
Jan Servaes
The aims of the ECREA are
a) To provide a forum where researchers and others involved in communication and information research can meet and exchange information and documentation about their work. Its disciplinary focus will include media, (tele)communications and informatics research, including relevant approaches of human and social sciences;
b) To encourage the development of research and systematic study, especially on subjects and areas where such work is not well developed;
c) To stimulate academic and intellectual interest in media and communication research, and to promote communication and cooperation between members of the Association;
d) To co-ordinate the circulation of information on communications research in Europe, with a view to establishing a database of ongoing research;
e) To encourage, support, and where possible, publish, the work of young researchers in Europe;
f) To take into account the desirability of different languages and cultures in Europe;
g) To develop links with relevant national and international communication organisations and with professional communication researchers working for commercial organisations and regulatory institutions, both public and private;
h) To promote the interests of communication research within and among the Member States of the Council of Europe and the European Union;
i) To collect and disseminate information concerning the professional position of communication researchers in the European region; and
j) To develop, improve and promote communication and media education.
Gendered Transformations
Theory and Practices on Gender and Media
Edited by Tonny Krijnen, Claudia Alvares and Sofie Van Bauwel
First published in the UK in 2011 by Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK
First published in the USA in 2011 by Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Copyright 2011 Intellect Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover design: Holly Rose Copy-editor: Rebecca Vaughan-Williams Typesetting: John Teehan
ISBN 978-1-84150-366-0 / EISBN 978-1-84150-441-4
Printed and bound by Gutenberg Press, Malta.
Contents
Preface
Liesbet van Zoonen
SECTION I: GENDERED POLITICS
Chapter 1: Silent Witness: News Sources, the Local Press and the Disappeared Woman
Karen Ross
Chapter 2: Tracing Gendered (In)visibilities In the Portuguese Quality Press
Claudia Alvares
Chapter 3: Women s Time Has Come: An Archaeology of French Female Presidential Candidates - From Arlette Laguiller (1974) to S gol ne Royal (2007)
Marl ne Coulomb-Gully
Chapter 4: Gender Analysis of Mediated Politics In Germany
Margreth Luenenborg, Jutta Roeser, Tanja Maier and Kathrin Mueller
SECTION II: EMBODIED PERFORMATIVITIES
Chapter 5: Hollywood, Resistance and Transgressive Queerness: Re-reading Suddenly, Last Summer (1959), The Children s Hour (1961) and Advise Consent (1962)
Frederik Dhaenens, Daniel Biltereyst and Sofie Van Bauwel
Chapter 6: Political Blogging: At a Crossroads of Gender and Culture Online?
Olena Goroshko and Olena Zhigalina
Chapter 7: XXY: Representing Intersex
Begonya Enguix Grau
Chapter 8: Disciplining Fantasy Bodies In Second Life
Georgia Gaden and Delia Dumitrica
SECTION III: GENDERED SOCIALIZATIONS
Chapter 9: Reality TV s Contribution To the Gender Differentiation of Moral-Emotional Repertories
Tonny Krijnen
Chapter 10: Casualizing Sexuality In Teen Series. A Study of the Gendered Sexual Discourses In the Popular American Teen Series One Tree Hill and Gossip Girl
Elke Van Damme
Chapter 11: Media Constructions of Gender In ICT Work
Martha Blomqvist and Kristina Eriksson
Chapter 12: Looking For Gender Equality In Journalism
Sinikka Torkkola and Iiris Ruoho
Conclusion
Claudia Alvares, Sofie van Bauwel and Tonny Krijnen
Index
Notes on Contributors
P REFACE
Liesbet van Zoonen
Nicole Kidman, the famous Australian actress, thinks that the standard Hollywood portrayal of women as weak sex objects probably contributes to violence against them. The actress is a good-will ambassador for the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and testified in October 2009 for a United States House committee that investigates possible international legislation about violence against women. Kidman said furthermore that Hollywood has also produced less demeaning portrayals of women, and that she herself tries not to contribute to these images: I can t be responsible for all of Hollywood, but I can certainly be responsible for my own career. News media immediately picked up the celebrity s critique and published it widely, yet often adding a comment about Kidman s own performance in feeble roles or as sexy celebrity. On the internet, reactions were more cynical, and hypocrite was one of the friendlier terms used to discuss Kidman s statement. 1 When Kidman appeared in the same month on the cover of Gentleman s Quarterly , dressed in black lingerie only, that did little to enhance her credibility.
This little incident demonstrates the complexity of discussions about gender and media in the twenty-first century. To begin with Kidman s straightforward connection between media images and real-life violence against women used to be contested among academics and feminists as the 1980s controversy about the slogan Porn is the theory, rape is the practice testifies. Yet, nowadays, serious news media support such a claim, as they did when the American Psychological Association published their report about the sexualization of girls in 2007. Then too, the press release saying that sexualized images harm girls and young women found an easy way into mainstream news media, and governmental task forces have been set up around the world to prevent possible further damage (Van Zoonen Duits, under review). This consensual uptake of the harmful media effects paradigm does not mean academic media research has finally managed to prove such negative influence, on the contrary. Traditional effects researchers are moving away from the effects paradigm towards a mediation model in which media exposure is only one factor among many (e.g. Slater, 2007), while cultural studies researchers have always focused on situated uses and interpretations of sexualized images (e.g. Attwood, 2005). A second complicating factor comes from Kidman s double articulation as a women s activist and a Hollywood celebrity. As the best paid actress of Hollywood she is deeply entrenched in the cultural codes of the industry and thus has a visual presence that is inevitably typified by style, glamour and sexiness. Moreover, a number of her film roles are not easily qualified as portraying strong anti-stereotypical women. The likely sincerity of her motives notwithstanding these factors in concert work against her authenticity as an activist and her claims about the harm Hollywood might cause (see also Street, 2002). Finally, the incident shows the essential intertextuality and multimediality of contemporary culture: in this case news, film, internet and glossy together comprise the arena in which Kidman s claims are made, interpreted and contested.
Feminist media scholars trying to make sense of the Kidman episode are confronted with a claim about their academic turf that is at the intersection of scholarly controversy, celebrity culture, gender conventions and political opportunism; a sheer insurmountable challenge. The pioneers in their field certainly had a much easier task. When Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1967 she singled out women s magazines and their advertisements as the prime media responsible for perpetuating the myth of the happy housewife. The Feminine Mystique not only became one of the sparks that set off the second wave of the women s movement, the book also inspired more research about the media and their contribution to what was then usually called sex roles . Content analysis was the method of choice at the time, and advertising images popular research targets. Invariably, these early projects found that the media portrayed women and men in stereotypical roles and did not offer the alternative images and examples that would stimulate and support women s emancipation. Feminism in the academy and in the activist arena was firmly intertwined and many a research project was part of monitoring and lobbying the media industries.
When I entered the field in 1985 this relatively straightforward situation had already began to crumble: a clear split had emerged between the sex roles approach that had found a home in social psychology, and the gender identity approach that informed cultural studies. Both types of scholars, especially the younger ones like myself at the time, had no self-evident relation with activism outside the academy. The media landscape, however, had not changed much yet; in the Netherlands and most of continental Western Europe we only had public broadcasting, two channels with late afternoon and evening air time; the magazine market was diversified but limited; national and local newspapers still thrived. All in all the l