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Cultural differences are often the trigger for conflict – whether politically motivated or arising from dissonant understandings of national culture. But what we regard as distinctive today in our cultural heritage or day-to-day cultural experience is deeply rooted in the rich diversity of the national currents of the nineteenth century. Culture and Conflict: Nation-Building in Denmark and Scandinavia, 1800–1930 explores the many strands of Danish and Scandinavian culture that helped to shape these cultural identities.
The sixteen contributions in this volume analyse how competing national agendas influenced the development of political life as well as literature, the visual arts, and music. A central theme is the cultural conflicts that formed an essential part of nineteenth-century nation-building. Culturally as well as politically, boundaries were drawn up, ideologies were formulated and discussed, and determined attempts were made to suppress divergent cultural voices in the drive to forge strong national or Scandinavian narratives. The results of these conflicts were the enduring cultural struggles that form the subject of this volume.
The contributions at hand, by scholars from Denmark, Britain, Norway, the United States, and Germany, bring a broad and interdisciplinary perspective to bear on these distinctively Nordic themes. Aimed both at students and at established scholars, the chapters discuss the many facets of nationalism, its cultures, and its countercultures, as well as revisiting the historiography of the 1800–1930 period with a more pluralistic approach.

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Sociologie, société et politique

Social Science

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Publié par	Aarhus University Press
Date de parution	06 mai 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9788772198903
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	3 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1950€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Edited by Sine Krogh, Thor J. Mednick, and Karina Lykke Grand
Culture and Conflict
Nation-Building in Denmark and Scandinavia, 1800-1930
AARHUS UNIVERSITY PRESS
Culture and Conflict The authors and Aarhus University Press 20 22
Cover: Carl-H.K. Zakrisson and Tod Alan Spoerl Cover illustration, front: Lorenz Fr lich: Frithiof at Sea National Gallery of Denmark / Statens Museum for Kunst / SMK Cover illustration, back: Carla Colsmann Mohr: Flags for Southern Jutland Being Sewn at Christiansborg , 1919, Museum S nderjylland Carla Colsmann Mohr / VISDA Layout and typesetting: Carl-H.K. Zakrisson and Tod Alan Spoerl Publishing editor: Henrik Jensen This book is typeset in Quadraat and Kievit and printed on 120 g Munken Lynx E-book production: Narayana Press, Denmark
ISBN 978 87 7219 890 3 (epub)
Aarhus University Press aarhusuniversitypress.dk
Published with the financial support of
Arne V. Schlesch Foundation Augustinus Foundation Denmark Independent Research Fund Denmark New Carlsberg Foundation Aage and Johanne Louis-Hansen Foundation
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the publisher.
International distributors
Oxbow Books Ltd., oxbowbooks.com ISD, isdistribution.com

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will honour valid claims as if clearance had been obtained beforehand.
Contents
SINE KROGH, THOR J. MEDNICK, AND KARINA LYKKE GRAND
Foreword
JOHN HUTCHINSON
Introduction: Denmark as a Zone of Conflict
Competing Narratives
CLAUS M LLER J RGENSEN
1 Changing Contours of a National Culture: The Society for the Proper Use of Freedom of Speech, 1835-48
BERTEL NYGAARD
2 Visual Republicanism in Copenhagen: Corsaren During the Early 1840s
SINE KROGH
3 The Challenge of Crossing Borders: Danish Art in Paris in 1855
BART PUSHAW
4 Race and the Politics of Portraiture in Caribbean Copenhagen
BENEDIKTE BRINCKER
5 International and National Currents on the Danish Music Scene, 1860-1930
RASMUS GLENTH J
6 The National Past as a Zone of Conflict in Danish History: Conflicting Histories of the Danish Defeat in 1864
THOR J. MEDNICK and KARINA LYKKE GRAND
7 The Shifting Contours of Danishness: Agnes Slott-M ller, Kunstnergaven , and the Duties of Nationalism
Cultural Inventions
KNUT LJ GODT
8 In Search of the Past: Norse Themes and the National Romantic Programme of Oscarshall
ELISABETH OXFELDT
9 Brought from the Orient, Jarred on the Journey : Danish Orientalism from Aladdin to Tivoli
MARTIN BRANDT DJUPDR T
10 The Making of the Viking Horned Helmet: Uses of the Past in the Works of Lorenz Fr lich, Michael Echter, and Carl Emil Doepler
PETER FJ GESUND
11 Henrich Steffens and the Perception of Norway in Germany
NICO ANKLAM
12 The Pictorial Imaginary: Orientalism and Colonialism in Danish Visual Nation-Building of the Nineteenth Century
RUTH HEMSTAD
13 Literature as Auxiliary Forces: Scandinavianism, Pan-Scandinavian Associations, and the Transnational Dissemination of Literature
RASMUS KJ RBOE
14 A Factious Monument: The Brave Militia Man After the Victory and the Commemoration of a Danish Civil War
ANNA LENA SANDBERG
15 Berlin as a Site of Danish Nation-Building: Encounters with The Victory Column after the Defeat of 1864
Contributors
Credits
Index
SINE KROGH, THOR J. MEDNICK, AND KARINA LYKKE GRAND
Foreword
Historians have often presented nation-building programmes in nineteenth-century Scandinavia as organic, home-grown constructions that looked to native histories as sources of authentic, national identity. The implication of solidarity in such models naturalizes the assumption of an uncomplicated, if not monistic, national identity, which the rhetoric of the modern welfare state has only further reinforced. Recently, however, cultural and ethnographic historians have interrogated more closely the notion of consensus identity in the Scandinavian states to challenge its memory as an organic phenomenon. Sissel Bjerrum Fossat, Rasmus Glenth j, and Lone K lle Martinsen, for instance, have observed that present-day Denmark and the Danishness it represents are not inevitable outcomes of consensus; they are products of a history of conflicts that collective Danish memory has largely sublimated. 1
It is to this trend of historiographic correction that Culture and Conflict: Nation-Building in Denmark and Scandinavia, 1800-1930 contributes, by complicating established perceptions of nineteenth-century nation-building in Denmark and Scandinavia. There is a sense in which historiography has reified, if only by implication, the notion of a single, and thus inevitable, Danish identity that had merely to be articulated in order to exist in formal terms. As the contributions to this volume demonstrate, however, the often populist language of organic consensus was actually formulated by a limited elite, and the narrative of Danish identity that eventually became dominant was in fact the result of strategic selection and deselection of cultural and political priorities. Indeed, the mutual importance of politics and culture in this process is a focal point of this volume. In this sense, it builds upon recent work by scholars such as Karina Lykke Grand and Gertrud Oelsner, who have challenged traditional understandings of the Danish Golden Age by analyzing its primary representatives as political actors who deliberately engaged with the cultural questions of the period. By bridging the gap between the art history and political history of the period, their scholarship has paved the way for the significant revision of Golden-Age narratives currently being undertaken.
Scholarship that thus critically interrogates sociopolitical and cultural narratives of nineteenth-century Scandinavia has influenced this volume also by prioritizing interdisciplinarity as a model of inquiry. It is clear that no effort to understand the mechanics of nation-building in Scandinavia can succeed without recognizing the ways in which various fields of creative and structural endeavour cooperated to achieve desired ends. An important contribution of the present volume, therefore, is the inclusion of analyses that look beyond the visual arts, in order to demonstrate the extent to which other cultural fields - travel writing, fiction, theatre, music, etc. - and political interventions in journalism, societies, and fund-raising participated in and contributed to the debates from which the dominant narrative of nationalism emerged. The virtue of this approach is in allowing a more holistic view of nineteenth-century nation-building in this region to emerge.
As indicated by several of the essays in this volume, nineteenth-century nation-building projects were conceived and forged in conflict. Political and cultural borders were drawn, ideologies formulated and debated. In this context, it is important to note the extent to which the architects of these projects worked to suppress and marginalize voices of cultural and ideological diversity for the sake of constructing stable and uncomplicated, national or Scandinavian narratives; the result was a protracted history of ideological struggle, conflict, and war. Such phenomena are, in fact, central to what British historian John Hutchinson identified in his landmark study, Nations as Zones of Conflict which, since its publication in 2005, has inspired scholars to think beyond the boundaries of nation and discipline. We are delighted that Dr. Hutchinson agreed to contribute Denmark as a Zone of Conflict , a theoretical introduction that at once provides a unifying survey of subsequent chapters and introduces the reader to the historical contexts and connections most relevant to the various sources of conflict addressed in this volume.
The three-year research project Art and the Formation of National Identities , from which this volume emerged, was initiated at Aarhus University in 2018, by a multi-disciplinary group of scholars: Karina Lykke Grand (PI), Sine Krogh, Sally Schlosser Schmidt, and Rasmus Kj rboe (Aarhus University), Thor J. Mednick (University of Toledo), and Anna Lena Sandberg (University of Copenhagen). The purpose of this project was to examine not only the influence of Danish art on nationalism, but also the ways in which nationalism has determined the practice of historiography. In connection with this, we initiated a larger analysis of how cultural nation-building was undertaken in the Nordic region, which resulted in the present volume.
Culture and Conflict: Nation-Building in Denmark and Scandinavia, 1800-1930 features contributions by scholars from Denmark, Great Britain, Norway, the U.S., and Germany, and thereby presents a broad, multidisciplinary perspective on questions of Nordic culture and politics during this period. The decision to publish in English, however, is motivated by the hope that its appeal will reach beyond the Nordic readership and find relevance for scholars of Scandinavian culture and history in the rest of Europe and the United States.
We would like to thank all the authors of the anthology for their contributions; without their unique knowledge there would have been no book to publish. We are especially grateful to Project Editor Henrik Jensen for his patience, generosity, and insights in shepherding this volume through the production process. We also thank the Independent Research Fund Denmark for the grant that made the research project and thus this publication possible. We would also like to thank the Augustinus Foundation, the New Carlsberg Foundation, the Arne V. Schlesch Foundation, and the Aage and Johanne Louis-Hansen Foundation for their generous support in publishing this anthology.