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This rich history illuminates the lives and partnerships of five married couples – two British, three American – whose unions defied the conventions of their time and anticipated social changes that were to come in the ensuing century. In all five marriages, both husband and wife enjoyed thriving professional lives: a shocking circumstance at a time when wealthy white married women were not supposed to have careers, and career women were not supposed to marry.

Patricia Auspos examines what we can learn from the relationships of the Palmers, the Youngs, the Parsons, the Webbs, and the Mitchells, exploring the implications of their experiences for our understanding of the history of gender equality and of professional work. In expert and lucid fashion, Auspos draws out the interconnections between the institutions of marriage and professional life at a time when both were undergoing critical changes, by looking specifically at how a pioneering generation tried to combine the two.

Based on extensive archival research and drawing on mostly unpublished letters, journals, pocket diaries, poetry, and autobiographical writings, Breaking Conventions tells the intimate stories of five path-breaking marriages and the social dynamics they confronted and revealed. This book will appeal to scholars, students, and anyone interested in women’s studies, gender studies, masculinity studies, histories of women in the professions, and the history of marriage.

Sujets

Women's Studies

Social Science

Sociologie, société et politique

Informations

Publié par	Open Book Publishers
Date de parution	13 juillet 2023
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781800648388
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	3 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0400€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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BREAKING CONVENTIONS

Breaking Conventions
Five Couples in Search of Marriage-Career Balance at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century
Patricia Auspos

https://www.openbookpublishers.com
©2023 Patricia Auspos

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for non-commercial purposes, providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:
Patricia Auspos, Breaking Conventions: Five Couples in Search of Marriage-Career Balance at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0318
Further details about CC BY-NC-ND licenses are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ .
Copyright and permissions for the reuse of many of the images included in this publication differ from the above. This information is provided in the captions and in the list of illustrations. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher.
All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web .
Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0318#resources .
ISBN Paperback: 978–1-80064–835–7
ISBN Hardback: 978–1-80064–836–4
ISBN Digital (PDF): 978–1-80064–837–1
ISBN Digital ebook (EPUB): 978–1-80064–838–8
ISBN XML: 978–1-80064–840–1
ISBN HTML: 978–1-80064–841–8
DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0318
Cover images: background image by Annie Spratt. Vintage page sheet background, July 21, 2018, https://unsplash.com/photos/_dAnK9GJvdY . Silhouettes based on a digitised image from page 388 of “A Romance of N’Shabé,” December 4, 2013, https://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/11209860083/in/album-72157640584771663/ .
Cover design: Jeevanjot Kaur Nagpal.

To Jim, Elena, and Matthew — with love. You made my balancing act possible.

List of Illustrations
Fig. 1
Alice and George in George’s library in their Quincy Street home. Wellesley College Archives, Alice Freeman Palmer Papers. Unknown photographer. Courtesy of Wellesley College Archives, Library & Technology Services.
55
Fig. 2
Grace in 1923. Courtesy of Sylvia Wiegand and the American Physics Society. CCBY ND-2.0.
165
Fig. 3
Will in 1920.Photo by Walter Stoneman. © National Portrait Gallery, London.
165
Fig. 4
Elsie and Herbert on a camping trip with family and friends in 1900. Unknown photographer. American Philosophical Society Library, Elsie Clews Parsons Papers.
185
Fig. 5
Beatrice and Sidney at work around 1895. Unknown photographer. LSE Image Library/1385. London School of Economics and Political Science, British Library of Political and Economic Science.
300
Fig. 6
Lucy and Wesley with their four children in 1918. Unknown photographer. Lucy Sprague Mitchell Papers, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University in the City of New York.
352

List of Abbreviations
Abbreviations of Names
AF
Alice Freeman
AFP
Alice Freeman Palmer
BP
Beatrice Potter
BW
Beatrice Webb
EC
Elsie Clews
ECP
Elsie Clews Parsons
GC
Grace Chisholm
GCY
Grace Chisholm Young
GHP
George Herbert Palmer
HP
Herbert Parsons
LS
Lucy Sprague
LSM
Lucy Sprague Mitchell
RH
Robert Herrick
SW
Sidney Webb
WCM
Wesley Clair Mitchell
WHY
William Henry Young
Abbreviations of Archival Sources
AFP Papers
Wellesley College Archives, Alice Freeman Palmer Papers
APS
American Philosophical Society Library, Elsie Clews Parsons Papers
BSCA
Bank Street College Archives, Records of the Bureau of Educational Experiments
GHP Papers
Harvard University, Houghton Library, George Herbert Palmer Correspondence
LSM Papers
Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Lucy Sprague Mitchell Papers
Passfield Papers
London School of Economics and Political Science, British Library of Political and Economic Science, Passfield Papers
RH Papers
University of Chicago, Hannah Holborn Gray Special Collections Research Center, Robert Herrick Papers
RHS
Rye Historical Society, Parsons Family Papers
Tanner Papers
University of Liverpool Library, Special Collections and Archives, Papers of Dr. R. C. H. Tanner
UC, OPHJB
University of Chicago, Hannah Holborn Gray Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago, Office of the President, Harper, Judson, and Burton Administrations
WCM Papers
Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Wesley Clair Mitchell Papers
Young Papers
University of Liverpool Library, Special Collections and Archives, Papers of W. H. Young and Grace Chisholm Young

Acknowledgements
Like raising a child, it seems to take a village to produce a book. Many friends, colleagues, and relatives have contributed support, insights, and encouragement.
I am greatly indebted to the members of the Narrative Writing Group – Betty Caroli, Ruth Franklin, Barbara Fisher, Dorothy O. Helly, and Melissa Nathanson – for their close readings of multiple drafts of Breaking Conventions , probing questions and observations, sage advice, and unfailing encouragement. I have also benefitted from the guidance, knowledge, and inspiration of multiple members of the Women Writing Women’s Lives Seminar in New York.
Thanks to Susan Blank, Marion Kaplan, Barbara Monteiro, Patricia Palmieri, Fredda Rosen, and Miriam Slater for reading chapters and giving very helpful feedback. Special thanks goes to Constance Brown, who accompanied me on a research trip to the University of Liverpool Archive, borrowed library books for me, critiqued draft chapters, and provided apartment space so I could have “a room of my own” to work in at a critical point. She has always been eager to deliberate about the lives and work of the five women.
A Travel Fellowship from The National Endowment for the Humanities helped finance my research in the University of Liverpool Archive. Archivists at the American Philosophical Society Library, Bank Street College of Education, Columbia University, Houghton Library at Harvard University, London School of Economics and Political Science, Rye Historical Society, University of Chicago, University of Liverpool, and Wellesley College helped guide me through manuscript collections, answered my questions, provided copies, and gave permissions to quote material and reproduce photographs. Staff at the archives of Göttingen University and the Université de Genève took the time to answer my email queries and identify sources that shed light on Grace Chisholm Young’s time at these schools. Although the individuals I write about have been long dead, I have made good faith efforts to contact family members who might have knowledge of copyright restrictions on their archival collections. Any oversight is unintentional.
I was fortunate to interview Patrick Young, the youngest child of Grace and Will Young, when I began this project. I have also benefitted from talking with Sylvia Wiegand and Dorothy Sampson, two of the Youngs’ grandchildren; Beverly Corbett, a granddaughter of Lucy and Wesley Mitchell; David M. Parsons, a grandson of Elsie and Herbert Parsons; and two great-great-nieces of George Herbert Palmer – Sarah Lord Corson and Pat Bartlett. I thank them all for sharing their recollections and information a