ABCs of Human Behavior , livre ebook

New Harbinger Publications - Jonas Ramnero

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167 pages

English

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Sujets

Sociologie, société et politique

Psychology

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Publié par	New Harbinger Publications
Date de parution	01 janvier 0001
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781608824366
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,2172€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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It is rare to find a book on behavioral analysis that successfully incorporates theory and clinical utility. The ABCS of Human Behavior does, indeed, succeed. Ramnerö and Törneke provide the reader with a concise description of ideas dating back to Skinner as well as more recent treatments of such complex issues as understanding cognition. This engaging book will provide scholarly and practical information that is a must read for clinicians and students from all theoretical backgrounds.
—Christopher R. Martell, Ph.D., ABPP, clinical associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and psychology at the University of Washington and author of Depression in Context
Along with the explosion of interest in newer psychotherapies such as ACT, behavioral activation, DBT, FAP, and mindfulness/acceptance/meditation based interventions, many clinicians who were not extensively trained in behaviorism want a deeper understanding of the fundamental behavioral processes and theory that that underlie these treatments. Up to now, this basic information was buried and dispersed in an array of textbooks, philosophical and theoretical treatises, and an extensive laboratory-based experimental literature. Ramnerö and Törneke have distilled the essentials of this (often) esoteric literature in a clearly written, comprehensive, up-to-date book that frequently illustrates the abstract principles with clinical applications. Operant conditioning, respondent conditioning, exteroceptive conditioning, stimulus control, establishing operation, functional analysis, relational framing, negative versus positive reinforcement, are a just a few examples of the concepts that are demystified, made understandable, and clinically relevant. The book is an ideal basic text for graduate students learning about behavioral psychotherapy (the author’s name for the new treatments mentioned above) and will fulfill the needs the experienced clinician who wants a deeper understanding of these therapies.
—Robert J. Kohlenberg, professor of psychology at the University of Washington
The authors combine advanced discussions about learning theory and behavioral analysis with straightforward and informative examples. The book also discusses the more recent theoretical developments within the fields of human language and cognition. Both beginners and experienced therapists will find much to learn from reading this book.
—Lennart Melin, Ph.D., professor of clinical psychology at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden
an introduction to behavioral psychology
Jonas Ramner and Niklas T rneke
New Harbinger Publications, Inc. -->
Publisher’s Note
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the author, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents of the publication.
Distributed in Canada by Raincoast Books
Copyright © 2008 by Jonas Ramnerö and Niklas Törneke
New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
5674 Shattuck Avenue
Oakland, CA 94609
www.newharbinger.com
All Rights Reserved
Acquired by Catharine Sutker; Cover design by Amy Shoup;
Edited by Jean Blomquist; Text design by Tracy Carlson
Epub ISBN:9781608824366
The Library of Congress Has Cataloged the Print Version as:
Ramnerö, Jonas.
The ABCs of human behavior : an introduction to behavioral psychology / Jonas Ramnerö and Niklas Törneke.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-57224-538-9 (hardback : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-57224-538-7 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Clinical psychology. 2. Medicine and psychology. 3. Operant conditioning. I. Törneke, Niklas. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Psychology, Clinical--methods. 2. Behavior Therapy--methods. 3. Conditioning, Operant. 4. Learning. WM 105 R174a 2008]
RC467.R35 2008
616.89--dc22
2007047459
Contents
Foreword
Our Thanks
Introduction
Building on Behaviorism: Cognitive/Behavioral Therapies, Behavioral Psychotherapy, and Functional Contextualism
PART 1: Describing Behavior
Chapter 1
Topographical Aspects of Behavior
Chapter 2
Observing Behavior: When, Where, and How Much?
Chapter 3
Knowing Your ABCs
PART 2: Explaining Behavior
Chapter 4
Learning by Association: Respondent Conditioning
Chapter 5
Learning by Consequences: Operant Conditioning
Chapter 6
Operant Conditioning: Stimulus Control
Chapter 7
Learning by Relational Framing: Language and Cognition
Chapter 8
Applying Your ABCs
PART 3: Changing Behavior
Chapter 9
Functional Knowledge
Chapter 10
Dialogue Toward Change
Chapter 11
Principles and Practices
Chapter 12
Principles of Treatment: One
Chapter 13
Principles of Treatment: Two
Afterword
Suggested Reading
References
Foreword
Behaviorism has a bad name in many circles. When people are asked why, they cite a number of dogmas that have achieved “truth” status even though they don’t look quite so “true” when one looks carefully at original scholarly sources. Two of the most popular misconceptions are, first, that behaviorism denies thinking and feeling. The second is the notion that behaviorism seeks to break behavior into its most fundamental atoms and in doing so threatens to turn humans into machine-like automatons. If these caricatures are true anywhere in behaviorism, they are not true in the behaviorism of B. F. Skinner, and certainly not in the contemporary contextual behavioral account described in this book.
All of us have a fraction of the world to which only we have direct access. Others may see what we do with our hands and feet quite directly. They do not have such direct access to what we think, feel, imagine, and desire. Any psychology that does not address these matters is likely to be, and probably ought to be, rejected out of hand. In the middle of the last century, empirical psychology was running away from questions about this world inside the skin—in search of a so-called objective psychology. In striking contrast, B. F. Skinner quipped to the famous historian of experimental psychology E. G. Boring that “While Boring must confine himself to an account of my external behavior, I am still interested in what might be called Boring-from-within” (Skinner, 1945, p. 277). But, Skinner’s was only one voice in behaviorism. And, many within the broader behavioral movement did call out for an analysis that was uninterested in our inner life.
During the nineteen sixties and early seventies, behavioral approaches dominated empirical clinical psychology. Inattention to cognition left an opening, and that opening was filled by the rapidly rising tide of cognitive psychology. The later seventies, eighties, and nineties saw the strong emergence of cognitive psychology in both basic and applied realms. In organizations such as the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy (AABT), we saw the inclusion of cognitive interventions in behavioral treatments as well as the rise of wholly cognitive approaches. This transformation was sufficiently complete that AABT eventually changed its name to the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.
There was another notable change during the same time period. Academic departments that trained psychologists began hiring an increasing number of cognitive psychologists—both basic and applied. Whereas during the sixties and early seventies the conversations in psychology departments were dominated by behavioral voices, this became less and less the case during the rise of cognitive psychology. This trend in the academy was so pervasive that some empirically-oriented clinical doctoral programs stopped teaching behavioral psychology except in the most cursory way.
Intellectual generations in the academy move very quickly. An individual gets their Ph.D. and a job as an assistant professor. Perhaps five years later, they produce the first of their own Ph.D.’s. In many academic settings, we are hiring people that are three or four generations away from professors who themselves had very strong training in basic behavior analysis. This is, of course, less true in some domains. Mental retardation and child behavior problems, for example, have often remained bastions of behavioral training. However, mainstream empirical clinical psychology has traveled a good long distance from its behavioral roots.
Some of this may have been a reaction to excesses: positions that were held too stridently or versions of behavioral psychology that truly did not take human cognition seriously. For whatever reason, the plain fact is that we now find ourselves at a point in time where many individuals providing mental health care were not well trained in behavior analysis. This might not be a terribly important issue, except that the emerging third wave behavior therapies, especially functional analytic psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy, behavioral activation, and acceptance and commitment therapy, all make case conceptualizations from a behavioral perspective. If therapists are interested in these emerging treatments, an understanding of behavior analysis is a critical asset.
There are a few approaches to behavioral training. Some are highly technical and provide extremely refined descriptions that are critical for basic laboratory work. Some distinctions that are important in tightly controlled experimental preparations may be less so outside the laboratory. It is unlikely that the concept of a changeover delay in a concurrent VI-2’ /VI-2’ schedule of reinforcement will be of much practical importance to a clinician. What clinicians do need is an understanding of the core of behavior analysis—an understanding of the functional relation between behavior and the contexts in which it occurs.
Ramnerö and Törneke have written a book that will serve several important groups. Ind