Summary of Steve Brusatte's The Rise and Reign of the Mammals , livre ebook

Everest Media LLC - Everest Media

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

34 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.
Sample Book Insights:
#1 The world the scaly creatures lived in was changing. The swamp forest was being invaded by the sea. The small creatures were one of hundreds of animal species that had called the swamp forest home.
#2 The story of mammal evolution is the result of two lines of evidence. Paleontologists have two key lines of evidence to prove that around 325 million years ago, there were small, scale-covered critters that lived in lush swamp forests that were frequently inundated by rising seas.
#3 The second type of evidence is all around us. It doesn’t require any special skill to find, and it’s DNA, which we and all other organisms carry inside of our cells. DNA is the blueprint that makes us what we are, the genetic code that controls what our bodies look like, our physiology and growth, and how we produce future generations.
#4 The Pennsylvanian period was the first time that the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia came together. It was also the first time that trees grew to be large enough to be called forests, and the first time that many mosquitoes and other small animals evolved.

Sujets

Prehistoric Creatures

Dinosaurs

Sciences et techniques

Animals

Nature

Informations

Publié par	Everest Media LLC
Date de parution	23 juillet 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9798822546936
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0200€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Insights on Steve Brusatte's The Rise and Reign of the Mammals
Contents Insights from Chapter 1 Insights from Chapter 2 Insights from Chapter 3 Insights from Chapter 4 Insights from Chapter 5 Insights from Chapter 6 Insights from Chapter 7 Insights from Chapter 8 Insights from Chapter 9 Insights from Chapter 10
Insights from Chapter 1

#1

The world the scaly creatures lived in was changing. The swamp forest was being invaded by the sea. The small creatures were one of hundreds of animal species that had called the swamp forest home.

#2

The story of mammal evolution is the result of two lines of evidence. Paleontologists have two key lines of evidence to prove that around 325 million years ago, there were small, scale-covered critters that lived in lush swamp forests that were frequently inundated by rising seas.

#3

The second type of evidence is all around us. It doesn’t require any special skill to find, and it’s DNA, which we and all other organisms carry inside of our cells. DNA is the blueprint that makes us what we are, the genetic code that controls what our bodies look like, our physiology and growth, and how we produce future generations.

#4

The Pennsylvanian period was the first time that the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia came together. It was also the first time that trees grew to be large enough to be called forests, and the first time that many mosquitoes and other small animals evolved.

#5

The Pennsylvanian Period was a glacial world, and the last major ice age before the most recent one, when mammoths and saber-toothed tigers reigned. The entire planet was not frigid, but there was an enormous ice cap over the South Pole of Gondwana, and then southern Pangea.

#6

The amniotes were the first tetrapods to evolve, and they were able to lay their eggs inland, giving them access to new frontiers. It was from the amniotes that the reptile and mammal lines arose, by splitting from each other like two siblings from their parents.

#7

The synapsids were later described as two new species, Archaeothyris and Echinerpeton, by a master’s student, Robert Reisz. The name Archaeothyris was chosen to highlight the most important feature of this animal: its large, portholelike opening behind its eye, which housed larger and more powerful jaw-closing muscles than its ancestors.

#8

The Pennsylvanian Period ended with the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse, a period in which the climate became drier and temperatures swung hot and cold. This led to the extinction of many Pennsylvanian plant species, as well as the emergence of pelycosaurs like Dimetrodon.

#9

As the coal forests were replaced by drylands, the diversity of tetrapods decreased. This was likely the result of several million years of gradual change, as the drylands replaced the coal forests in the tropics.

#10

Dimetrodon was a synapsid, a primitive mammal ancestor. It had a mix of primitive and advanced characteristics, and was not a reptile or an amphibian. It was more closely related to humans than it was to any other group that’s still alive today.

#11

Dimetrodon was the top predator in its ecosystem, and it ate whatever it wanted. It was the first truly big, powerful apex predator that ever lived on land. If it was feeling particularly adventurous, or hungry, it might attack another pelycosaur species, Edaphosaurus.

#12

The first pelycosaurs evolved in the Permian, and were very successful. But as the world warmed and dried, pelycosaurs living in the tropics died off. Therapsids, a new type of synapsid, evolved from these pelycosaurs and became the next major step on the line to mammals.

#13

The road building was difficult, as the rocks were everywhere. They had to blast through quite a bit of rock. Rock is everywhere in the Karoo, and it was formed by ancient rivers and lakes.

#14

The debate between Richard Owen and Charles Darwin about the evolution of mammals was still ongoing when they died in the 1890s. The most decisive evidence in favor of Owen was the discovery of Dimetrodon, a sail-backed reptile that seemed to be a predecessor of today’s mammals.

#15

Robert Broom was a doctor who moved to South Africa in the first half of the twentieth century. He was a keen naturalist as a child, and took university courses in comparative anatomy. He became obsessed with figuring out the origin of mammals, and spent decades collecting and studying fossils in the Karoo.

#16

The most diverse group of Permian therapsids were the dicynodonts, which were plant-eaters. They lacked most of their teeth and replaced them with a beak for cropping leaves and stems, which they then pulverized with a backward-angled bite.

#17

The middle-late Permian was when therapsids became dominant. They formed complex ecosystems that were completely detached from the water. The Karoo therapsids were a community similar to the modern African savanna fauna.

#18

The first therapsids, which evolved from a common ancestor, began to raise their metabolism and develop better control of their body temperatures. They were also beginning to forage for prey on foot, which required more energy.

#19

Therapsids, a group of extinct mammals that were ancestors of mammals, were able to grow their bones very quickly, and had a lot of hair on their bodies. This suggests that they were producing some body heat internally, and trying to keep it from escaping.

#20

Therapsids, the first mammals, were smaller and had more upright limbs than their dicynodont and gorgonopsian ancestors. They were evolving features that would characterize today’s mammals.
Insights from Chapter 2

#1

When it rained, the weasel-sized Thrinaxodon was able to feed and grow, and when it didn’t, it fasted and conserved its energy. When the rains stopped, it needed to find a mate.

#2

The first mammals evolved from the therapsid group, which included the cynodont Thrinaxodon. The first fish evolved around two billion years ago, and life has been evolving for four billion years since.

#3

The end-Permian was the mother of all mass extinctions, and it claimed 90 percent of all species. It was caused by volcanoes, which released silent killers like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases caused global warming, which acidified the oceans and starved oxygen from the ocean floor.

Univers
Ebooks
Livres audio
Presse
Podcasts
BD
Documents

Summary of Steve Brusatte's The Rise and Reign of the Mammals , livre ebook

Prehistoric Creatures

Dinosaurs

Sciences et techniques

Animals

Nature

YouScribe

Le catalogue

Le service

Les conditions