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302 pages

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Description

Detailed historical and archaeological essays give insight into the many people groups who interacted with and influenced ancient Israel.

Sujets

Christianity

Informations

Publié par	Baker Publishing Group
Date de parution	01 août 1998
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781441206442
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,2160€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

© 1994 by Alfred J. Hoerth, Gerald L. Mattingly, and Edwin M. Yamauchi
Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 www.bakeracademic.com
North American edition
Ebook edition created 2012
Ebook corrections 02.02.2017
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
ISBN 978-1-4412-0644-2
Contents
Cover
Title
Copyright Page
List of Illustrations
Foreword / Alan R. Millard
Archeological Periods of Syria-Palestine
Preface / Alfred J. Hoerth
Part 1: Mesopotamia
Sumerians / Walter R. Bodine
Babylonians / Bill T. Arnold
Assyrians / William C. Gwaltney Jr.
Persians / Edwin M. Yamauchi
Part 2: Anatolia, Syria-Palestine, and Egypt
Hittites / Harry A. Hoffner Jr.
Canaanites and Amorites / Keith N. Schoville
Phoenicians / William A. Ward
Arameans / Wayne T. Pitard
Philistines / David M. Howard Jr.
Egyptians / James K. Hoffmeier
Part 3: Transjordan
Ammonites / Randall W. Younker
Moabites / Gerald L. Mattingly
Edomites / Kenneth G. Hoglund

Abbreviations
Contributors
Subject Index
Author Index
Scripture Index
Notes
Back Cover
Illustrations
“Peace” panel of the sounding box of a harp
Statue of Gudea
Steward Ebih-Ilu from Mari
Female worshiper from Mari
Head of Hammurapi from Susa
Nabu-apla-iddina, son of Adnaya, and King Nabu-apla-iddina
Stele of Nabonidus before the symbols of the deities Sin, Shamash, and Ishtar
King Ashurnasirpal II
Ashurbanipal and his queen dine, while entertained by musicians
Sennacherib at the siege of Lachish in Judah in 701 B.C.
Alternating Persians and Medes from the Apadana at Persepolis
Treasury relief from Persepolis depicting Darius (or Xerxes) on the throne
King and queen from Alaca Hüyük
Warrior from the King’s Gate at Ḫattusha (Boğazköy)
Canaanite head from Ugarit (Ras Shamra)
Bronze plaque from Hazor
Woman in ivory from Megiddo
Sarcophagus of King Eshmunazar II of Sidon
Phoenician nobleman from Dor
Gold funerary mask from Phoenicia
Prince from ʿAin et-Tell in North Syria
Tell Fekheriyeh statue with bilingual Assyrian-Aramaic inscription
Captives of Ramesses III displayed at Medinet Habu, including a Philistine
Beth-shan anthropoid coffin
Triad of King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and two goddesses
Seti I (Dynasty 19) bowing before the god Thoth
Head of a king (late Dynasty 25)
Male figure wearing an Atef crown
Seal of Milkom-ʾur, servant of Baʿal-yashaʿ
Shihan warrior stele
Moabite stone
Goddess with horned headdress from Qitmit
Kneeling figure (or dancer) from the high place at Qitmit
Foreword
Alan R. Millard
Rankin Professor in Hebrew and Ancient Semitic Languages University of Liverpool
“The Lord has chosen you out of all the people on the face of the earth to be his people,” said God through Moses (Deut. 7:6). Ancient Israel lived in a world of many nations and it had to interact with them. The Bible tells a certain amount about some, very little about others. Some appear briefly, then disappear; others recur through several books and clearly had a major impact on Israel’s history. Knowing about these peoples should broaden understanding of the biblical text, helping to answer questions such as, “Who were the Hittites?” or “Why were the Assyrians so feared?” It is easy to look in a Bible dictionary to find a short account of the people that the Bible names; the purpose of this book is to give more information about the major ones than such entries usually allow, with references for detailed study. Readers will soon see that the Bible is a major source for knowledge about some peoples (e.g., Philistines, Edomites, and Canaanites), while for others (e.g., Egyptians and Assyrians) their own inscriptions reveal so much about them that the Bible is marginal to their history.
The Bible often views Israel’s contemporary states with a hostile eye, for political and especially religious reasons. Accordingly, historians read those texts critically to counter that bias. In some cases that has lead to a negative attitude that refuses to give credit to biblical statements unless other evidence supports them. The course of research on the ancient Near East over the past century and a half has shown repeatedly how well the Hebrew Scriptures reflect the realities their authors know. The insecurity of states like Israel and Judah becomes very clear, with neighbors frequently hostile and great powers approaching from the horizon. To be captured in a raid, like Naaman’s maid (2 Kings 5), or to be exiled wholesale was a risk that many ran throughout history, not a new experience when Samaria or Jerusalem fell. The prophecies of Amos, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and others gain in power and urgency as the current affairs of those days are understood, and this only becomes possible as the stories of the other nations are uncovered.
Besides the thousands of written documents recovered from the biblical world, there is a vast array of archeological evidence. Buried buildings, pots and pans, iron knives, golden bowls, children’s graves—all combine to bring the past to life, to remind us that we are reading about actual human beings like ourselves. The kings had their great palaces and temples, displaying their wealth and power, but supporting them were merchants and artisans, farmers and slaves. Archeologists can never restore a picture of the past completely, as often their major find is the refuse of antiquity, and even then the smells have vanished. Therefore, there are many gaps in our knowledge. In addition, it has to be remembered that material remains usually yield less exact information than inscriptions, so the written records have a special value, notably when other written texts are being interpreted.
The essays in this volume weave together the results of recent study and discovery, long-known facts, and the biblical text to create pictures of the peoples of the Old Testament world. The authors have made them as complete and accurate as possible, aiming to give a better understanding of the distinctive feature of ancient Israel—God’s revelation of himself through its history.
Archeological Periods of Syria-Palestine
Only approximate, these dates are constantly being refined in light of new archeological evidence. For this reason there may be differences between the dates used by the essayists in this volume and those below.
Paleolithic before 14,000

Epipaleolithic 14,000–8000

Neolithic 8000–4200

Chalcolithic 4200–3300

Early Bronze 3000–2800
I 3300–3000
II 3300–2000
III 2800–2400
IV 2400–2000

Middle Bronze 2000–1550
I (formerly IIA) 2000–1800
II (formerly IIB) 1800–1650
III (formerly HC) 1650–1550

Late Bronze 1550–1200
I 1550–1400
II 1400–1200

Iron 1200–539
I 1200–930
IIA 930–721
IIB 721–605
IIC 605–539

Persian 539–332

Hellenistic 332–63
Early 332–198
Late 198–63

Roman 63 B.C. – A.D. 324
Early 63 B.C. – A.D. 135
Late 135–324
Source : Adapted with permission from Philip J. King, American Archaeology in the Mideast: A History of the American Schools of Oriental Research (Philadelphia: ASOR, 1983), page 282.
Preface
Alfred J. Hoerth
Director of Archaeology Wheaton College
This book is an outgrowth of Wheaton College’s long-standing interest in Near Eastern archeology, a subject that was introduced into Wheaton’s curriculum by Joseph P. Free in 1936. A full major was offered by 1940, and the first majors were graduated in 1942. Professor Free also instituted an annual archeology conference that brought leading scholars to the campus. In the early years of this conference, such luminaries as G. Ernest Wright, Cyrus H. Gordon, and William F. Albright were featured speakers.
In the 1960s, Robert E. Cooley (now president of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary) became director of the Archaeology and Near Eastern Studies Program at Wheaton College. He helped shape the present focus of the department—to lead students toward an understanding of the historical, cultural, and intellectual backgrounds of ancient Near Eastern civilizations, especially that of the Bible. Under Dr. Cooley’s leadership, Wheaton’s annual archeology conferences continued, and speakers who could share their specialized knowledge with students, scholars, and laypeople were brought to the campus. This conference is still convened annually, attracting three hundred to four hundred people.
In 1989, the conference title was “Peoples of the Old Testament World,” a theme suggested by Gerald L. Mattingly of Johnson Bible College (Knoxville, Tennessee). Significant new archeological and historical data have accumulated since Donald J. Wiseman edited the important volume, Peoples of Old Testament Times (Oxford: Clarendon, 1973), and the conviction grew among the planners that the 1989 Wheaton conference could be the catalyst for an up-to-date survey of ancient Near Eastern peoples. To that end the eight conference speakers met at the close of the conference, and Mattingly and Edwin M. Yamauchi (professor of history at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio) consented to put their expertise and drive into this venture. Thanks to them, additional scholars contributed to the project so that other—though not all—relevant “peoples” would be covered. We hope that this collection of studies will be of benefit to all scholars and students of the Bible who seek to learn more about the historical-cultural context of the Old Testament narratives.
Like any endeavor of this kind, Peoples of the Old Testament World required input from many people. In addition to t