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76 pages

English

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This brief, insightful biography of Martin Luther strips away the myths surrounding the Reformer to offer a more nuanced account of his life and ministry. Coinciding with the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, this accessible yet robustly historical and theological work highlights the medieval background of Luther's life in contrast to contemporary legends. Internationally respected church historian Volker Leppin explores the Catholic roots of Lutheran thought and locates Luther's life in the unfolding history of 16th-century Europe. Foreword by Timothy J. Wengert.

Sujets

Philosophie et théologie

Catholic Church

Germany

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Publié par	Baker Publishing Group
Date de parution	17 octobre 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781493410927
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0662€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Title Page
Copyright Page
Originally published in German as Martin Luther: Vom Mönch zum Feind des Papstes
© 2010 by WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), Darmstadt, Germany
English edition © 2017 by Baker Publishing Group
Published by Baker Academic
a division of Baker Publishing Group
P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287
www.bakeracademic.com
Ebook edition created 2017
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
ISBN 978-1-4934-1092-7
Contents
Cover i
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Foreword vii
Timothy J. Wengert
Translators’ Introduction xv
Rhys Bezzant
Acknowledgments xvii
Volker Leppin
1. The Son: Destined for Higher Things 1
2. The Monk 7
3. The Young Professor 19
4. The Publicist 33
5. The Prophet 49
6. The Preacher-Bishop from Wittenberg 61
7. The Year of Climax, 1525 73
8. The Educator 91
9. The Outsider: On the Margins of the Reformation 101
10. The Old Professor 117
11. The End of Life 129
Back Cover 136
Foreword
A nniversaries with round numbers often elicit biographies and other scholarly studies. Thus, 2017 becomes an excellent time for readers to reacquaint themselves with the life and thought of Martin Luther (1483–1546), whose 95 Theses were first distributed and printed five hundred years ago. Some of the works produced for the five hundredth anniversary will doubtless simply rework the familiar contours of Luther’s life and the origins of the German Reformation. Others may inadvertently import our own culture’s favorite tropes into the distant past—either to praise or to excoriate the Augustinian friar from Wittenberg. By contrast, readers of this new biography by Volker Leppin will receive a compact summary of Luther’s biography based on the very latest and best scholarship. In addition, this book avoids the temptation to modernize Luther and instead carefully leads readers into the world of sixteenth-century central Europe so that Luther may be appreciated in the light of his own time, not ours.
The author, Volker Leppin, is unfortunately not yet well known to the English-speaking world, but his training and scholarship recommend him highly. He began his academic life at the University of Heidelberg, where, under the tutelage of Gottfried Seebass, he wrote his dissertation on William of Ockham 1 and wrote his habilitation on Lutheran pamphlet literature from 1548 to 1618 (that is, the period between the Schmalkaldic War and the Thirty-Years’ War). 2 After a brief stint in Frankfurt, he became professor of church history at the University of Jena (2000–2010) before being called as professor of church history in the Protestant faculty of theology at the University of Tübingen, where, as the successor to Ulrich Köpf and Heiko Oberman, he also directs the Institute for the Late Middle Ages and Reformation. His vast publications and his work with other scholars in Germany, especially focused on the Middle Ages and the Reformation, have made him one of the most important church historians in Germany today and one of the best among a new generation of German academicians.
A sampling of his considerable literary production over the years provides a good sketch of his wide-ranging interests in church history. He has a deep commitment to providing primary literature to German readers. Thus, in 2000 he produced with Sigrid Müller a German translation of excerpts from William of Ockham; in 2001, with Adolf Martin Ritter and Bernhard Lohse, he produced a broader set of medieval sources; and in 2005 he wrote a similar volume on the Reformation. 3 He also has written helpful introductions to the Middle Ages, the Reformation, and Thomas Aquinas, as well as an overview of the history of Christianity. 4 In addition, Leppin has written several important studies on the role of mysticism in the Middle Ages and beyond. 5 His collaboration with other scholars has helped bring a host of medieval and Reformation essays into print, including a collection of essays on Martin Luther’s monastic career. 6 Most recently, he produced a volume on the relation of theology and church politics in the Late Middle Ages and Reformation. 7 Perhaps his most notable work is his larger biography of Martin Luther. 8 Out of research for that book the present, smaller work emerged.
The care with which he has conducted research over the years and the insights that he brings to the study of the Reformation and its origins aptly reflect the work of the late Gottfried Seebass (a scholar known for his work on the Lutheran reformer Andreas Osiander and on the Anabaptist movement in the sixteenth century). This biography also echoes the work of Heiko Oberman, who is most famous in the English-speaking world for his study of Gabriel Biel ( The Harvest of Medieval Theology ) and his provocative biography of Luther ( Luther: Man between God and the Devil ). In these pages as well, the reader will discover a Martin Luther firmly grounded in late medieval life and thought, with special emphasis given to Luther’s debt to the German mysticism of Johannes Tauler and of the head of Luther’s own Augustinian order in Germany, Johann von Staupitz. By placing Luther squarely within his late medieval milieu, Leppin allows the reader to uncover both continuity with the intellectual movements of the late Middle Ages and unique aspects of Luther’s theology.
For one example of the skill with which he tells Luther’s life story, consider how Leppin expresses a particularly trenchant aspect of Luther’s theological development by employing the spellings of the reformer’s name that Luther himself used. Well into his thirties, Martin Luther was actually Martin Luder, as his family spelled and doubtless pronounced it. But then in 1517, Luther consciously Hellenized his name based upon the Greek eleutherios , “the free one.” Besides conforming to the practice of many humanists of the day (including Philipp Melanchthon, whose Greek surname translates Schwartzerdt, “black earth”; and Johannes Oecolampadius, Greek for Huszgen, later Hausschein, “house light”), Luther expressly chose this spelling to reflect the center of his own theology, as he came increasingly to emphasize the freedom of a Christian justified before God simply by grace through faith on account of Christ.
Leppin’s chief contribution to our understanding of Luther stems from his careful distinguishing of Luther’s later accounts of early events in his life from earlier accounts, especially given the influence of the later accounts in relating Luther’s life story. Leppin meticulously separates Luther’s decision to turn from the study of law and instead to enter the monastery from the famous story of his distress in a thunderstorm and his cries to St. Anne. Leppin places the decision instead within the growing tensions between a successful father and a strong-willed son. Leppin also rightly dismisses Luther’s later criticisms of his own life as an Augustinian friar and instead shows just how obedient and successful Luther was as he moved from novice and student of theology to professor at the University of Wittenberg and provincial vicar within his order. Leppin also uses the new dating of Luther’s journey to Rome to underscore Luther’s commitment to the reform undertaken by Staupitz. But underneath these and similar gentle corrections, Leppin introduces a crucial correction to most views of Luther: he was continuously wracked by spiritual struggles, searching in vain for a gracious God. Leppin thus demythologizes the standard view of Luther—invariably the stuff of movies and other fictionalized accounts of Luther’s life—and places him squarely in his own time.
The reader will also encounter the young Luther as a highly educated, careful scholar, whose interest in biblical theology (already before he began his lectures on the Psalter in 1513 as a newly minted doctor of theology) and in the most recent biblical scholarship marked the cutting edge of his theological investigations. When Leppin turns to the highly debated question of Luther’s so-called theological breakthrough, he rejects both an early and a late dating by challenging the whole notion of a breakthrough as conceived by twentieth-century scholars who were dependent upon Luther’s own later retelling of his early career. Grounding his approach to Scripture on the pro me , a way of reading that highlighted the existential and personal, Luther had much in common with earlier writers such as Johannes Tauler or Bernard of Clairvaux and, above all, with his mentor and father confessor, Staupitz. But Luther was among the first to bring such concerns into the classroom of the medieval university.
Leppin’s inviting narrative does not overemphasize the early Luther but invites the reader to consider Luther’s transformation from professor to prophet to ecclesiast, leading up to the remarkable events of 1525, when Luther’s understanding of and support for governmental authority and his commitment to Wittenberg’s gospel experienced their deepest testing. A fine, brief description of Luther’s writings for the Peasants’ Revolt of that year helps explain Luther’s position without defending it but by grounding it in his earlier writings on the subject of secular authority. But 1525 was also the year of Luther’s marriage and his conclusive refutation of Erasmus of Rotterdam’s defense of free will. For Leppin it marks both the high point of Luther’s influence and the beginnings of a new phase of the Reformation, in which others—princes and theologians—would increasingly influence its outcome.
Leppin treats the reader to a compelling sketch of t