A Guide to the Churches and Chapels of Wales , livre ebook

University of Wales Press - Jonathan Wooding , Nigel Yates

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133 pages

English

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This book provides a comprehensive guide to the most important church and chapel buildings in Wales from the early Middle Ages to the present day. Introduced with an overview of religious history of the country, this invaluable guide explores and illustrates Wales’s surviving churches and chapels by region, charting the fascinating story of religion in Wales. This carefully organised guide to welsh religious history, documents each building by area, providing an insightful description of each, including helpful directions and opening information to the reader. The first of its kind in Wales, Yates’ comprehensive introduction to these important churches and chapels is an indispensible guide for tourists in Wales.

Sujets

Religion

Christianisme

Wales

History

Christian Church

Philosophie et théologie

Informations

Publié par	University of Wales Press
Date de parution	15 avril 2011
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781783164578
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0650€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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A GUIDE TO THE CHURCHES AND CHAPELS OFWALES
A GUIDE TO THE CHURCHES AND CHAPELS OF WALES
Edited by JONATHAN M. WOODING and NIGEL YATES
© The Contributors, 2011
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff, CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-7083-2118-8 e-ISBN 978-1-78316-457-8
The rights of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Cover image: Mwnt Photolibrary Wales
Contents
List of Illustrations
Notes on Contributors
Guide to Entries
Introduction
1 Churches and Chapels in Mid Wales
2 Churches and Chapels in North-East Wales
3 Churches and Chapels in North-West Wales
4 Churches and Chapels in South Wales
5 Churches and Chapels in South-East Wales
6 Churches and Chapels in South-West Wales
Guide to Further Reading
Glossary
List of Churches and Chapels
Illustrations
The picture section is placed between pages 164–5
1. St David’s College Chapel, Lampeter. Chrys Tremthanmor
2. Rood loft ( c .1500), Llananno, St Anno. Martin Crampin
3. Medieval font, Llanwenog, St Gwenog. Martin Crampin
4. Chapel, Soar-y-Mynydd. Jonathan Wooding
5. Carved ceiling (fifteenth century), Cilcain, St Mary. Martin Crampin
6. Medieval stained glass window (Anna and Joachim), Gresford, All Saints. Martin Crampin
7. West window by Burne-Jones, Hawarden, St Deiniol. Martin Crampin
8. Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd, St Peter. Martin Crampin
9. Llanbedr Dyffryn Clwyd, St Peter. Martin Crampin
10. Pentrobin, St John the Baptist. Martin Crampin
11. Amlwch, Our Lady Star of the Sea and St Winefride. Martin Crampin
12. Caerdeon/Bontddu, St Philip. © Crown copyright: RCAHMW
13. Clynnog Fawr, St Beuno. Adam Voelcker
14. Llangelynnin, St Celynnin. Adam Voelcker
15. Ceiling fresco of Christ Pantokrator, Cardiff, St Nicholas. Martin Crampin
16. Ewenny, medieval Priory Church of St Michael. Jonathan Wooding
17. ‘Samson’ monument and early medieval carved crosses, Llantwit Major, St Illtyd. Jonathan Wooding
18. Restored medieval church at St Fagan’s from Llandeilo Talybont, St Teilo. St Fagans: National History Museum
19. Caldey Island, Abbey of St Mary and St Samson. Martin Crampin
20. Pew-end carving (late fifteenth century), Haverfordwest St Michael. Martin Crampin
21. St Davids Cathedral. Martin Crampin
Notes on Contributors
Peter Howell (PH) taught Classics in the University of London for thirtyfive years. He is a former chairman of the Victorian Society, he served on the English Heritage Churches Committee and is a member of the Roman Catholic Historic Churches Committee for Wales and Herefordshire. In 2004 he reviewed the operation of the ecclesiastical exemption in Wales for the Welsh Assembly Government. He has written about Victorian churches and about Wales.
Prys Morgan (PM) is emeritus professor of history, Swansea University, and has written on many aspects of Welsh history. He was a member of the National Trust’s Committee for Wales, a member of the Historic Buildings Council for Wales (Cadw) and is a member of the listed buildings committee of the Wales Synod of the United Reformed Church. He is currently president of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion.
John Newman (JN) retired in 2001 as reader in the history of British architecture at the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London. He wrote the volumes in the Pevsner Buildings of Wales series on Glamorgan (1995) and Gwent/Monmouthshire (2000). He is a member of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales.
Adam Voelcker (AV) is an architect working from home in Gwynedd, in private practice with his wife Frances. Most of his work is involved with minor historic buildings, particularly churches. He is also a member of the Bangor Diocesan Advisory Committee (DAC). He is co-author of the last in the Pevsner Buildings of Wales series, on Gwynedd (2009).
Jonathan Wooding (JW) is senior lecturer and director of the Centre for the Study of Religion in Celtic Societies at University of Wales Trinity Saint David. He specialises in the study of the archaeology and history of the early church in Britain and Ireland. He has published widely on medieval settlement history and on the cult of saints. He advises on tourist information and guiding for Welsh churches.
Nigel Yates (NY) was professor of ecclesiastical history at the University of Wales Lampeter (now Trinity Saint David), where he taught a module on Christian worship and church buildings. Between 1981 and 1991 he was an expert member of the Executive Committee of the Council for the Care of Churches, giving evidence at a number of consistory court hearings into liturgical reordering. He published widely on church furnishings and liturgical arrangement in the post-Reformation period and in 2008 completed a new book on Scottish church interiors since 1560. He died in January 2009.
The entry for the Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas in Cardiff has been contributed by Dr Andreas Andreopoulos (AA), lecturer in Orthodox theology at the University of Winchester.
Guide to Entries
All entries in the six sections of the guide that follow are arranged in a standard format.
(1) The name of the place, normally in the Welsh form approved by the (now defunct) Board of Celtic Studies. In certain cases where the English variant of the name is in common usage that form has been preferred. In the case of places with both English and Welsh names, both have been used, for example, Brecon/Aberhonddu.
(2) The title and denomination of the church or chapel. In the case of buildings no longer in use for worship, the original denomination has been given, followed by the present ownership or custodial arrangements.
(3) The local authority within which the building is situated according to the following code: Mid Wales Cere . Ceredigion Powys (B) Powys (pre-1974 Breconshire) Powys (D) Powys (pre-1974 Denbighshire) Powys (M) Powys (pre-1974 Montgomeryshire) Powys (R) Powys (pre-1974 Radnorshire) North-east Wales Denb . Denbighshire Flint . Flintshire Wrex . Wrexham North-west Wales Angl . Anglesey Conwy Conwy Gwyn . (C) Gwynedd (pre-1974 Caernarfonshire) Gwyn . (M) Gwynedd (pre-1974 Merionethshire) South Wales Bridg . Bridgend Cardiff Cardiff Merthyr Merthyr Tydfil Neath PT Neath Port Talbot Rhondda Rhondda Cynon Taff Vale Glam . Vale of Glamorgan South-east Wales Mons Monmouthshire Newpt Newport Torfaen Torfaen South-west Wales Carms Carmarthenshire Pembs Pembrokeshire Swan. Swansea
(4) The main entry text giving a brief description and evaluation of the building concluding with the initials of the contributor drafting the entry as listed in the notes on contributors.
(5) Details of location in relation to main roads and towns.
(6) Details of access. Where buildings are not open outside service times the times of services are given.
Although all details were correct at the time of going to press the editors cannot accept liability for their continuing accuracy as changes may have occurred in the meantime.
Introduction
The Church prior to the Reformation
Church organisation
T he first Christians in Wales arrived during the period of Roman rule in Britain (AD 43– c .406). Wales was then a remote part of the – itself remote – Roman province of Britannia. Christianity would most likely have first arrived in Britain as the private faith of mobile individuals. We imagine that such early believers tended to congregate in towns more than in the countryside, though some country villas in England have been found to contain Christian mosaics and artefacts. This was not a world of public churches; worship was mostly outside the public gaze, in private houses and rooms, sometimes practised furtively on account of the periodic threat of imperial persecution. A strong tradition, found as early as the writings of Gildas in the sixth century, holds that Aaron and Iulius, two of Britain’s early Christian martyrs, were martyred in Wales at the Roman town ( civitas ) at Caerleon (Newport), perhaps in the magnificent amphitheatre still visible there.
The Edict of Milan (313) and the subsequent conversion of Constantine (325) brought Christianity into a more central role in Roman society. How far Christianity penetrated the largely rural society of Wales under Roman rule remains controversial. Roman rule in Britain ended in the early 400s and Germanic settlers subsequently occupied most of what is now England. There the Romano-British church disappeared under the rule of non-Christian Anglo-Saxon kings, though it continued to exist in western Britain. The continuity of the post-Roman Welsh church with its Roman predecessor may possibly be seen in the proximity of early medieval monasteries to former Roman villas at Llantwit Major and at Llandough, near Penarth (Vale of Glamorgan).
Many of the older churches in Wales claim origins in the period, the early Middle Ages ( c .400–1000), which immediately followed the Roman period. This is usually because the dedication of the church is to a saint whose career is traced to this period – popularly referred to as the ‘Age of the Saints’. Often the dedication is embedded in an early medieval place name, such as llan + the name of the saint: Llangadog (c