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110 pages

English

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More than 30% of patients who visit a doctor each year have respiratory complaints. These can range from minor infections (such as the common cold) to chronic obstructive conditions (such as asthma).This helpful book looks at the respiratory problems th

Sujets

Médecine

Pulmonology

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Publié par	M&K Update Ltd
Date de parution	24 mars 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781910451526
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1200€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Full the full range of M&K Publishing books please visit our website:
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Respiratory Care:
Assessment and management
Deborah Duncan
Respiratory Care: Assessment and management
Deborah Duncan
ISBN: 978-1-910451-02-1
First published 2017
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 4LP. Permissions may be sought directly from M&K Publishing, phone: 01768 773030, fax: 01768 781099 or email: publishing@mkupdate.co.uk
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Notice
Clinical practice and medical knowledge constantly evolve. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but, as knowledge is broadened by research, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers must check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered and verify the dosages and correct administration, as well as contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, utilising the experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient. Any brands mentioned in this book are as examples only and are not endorsed by the publisher. Neither the publisher nor the authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication.
To contact M&K Publishing write to:
M&K Update Ltd • The Old Bakery • St. John’s Street
Keswick • Cumbria CA12 5AS
Tel: 01768 773030 • Fax: 01768 781099
publishing@mkupdate.co.uk
www.mkupdate.co.uk
Designed and typeset by Mary Blood
Printed in England by H&H Reeds, Penrith
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of boxes
About the author
List of abbreviations
Introduction
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: A quick look at anatomy and physiology
Chapter 2: Respiratory assessment
Chapter 3: Physical assessment
Chapter 4: Secondary data
Chapter 5: Acute conditions
Chapter 6: Chronic conditions
Chapter 7: Self-management
Chapter 8: Pharmacology
Chapter 9: Intermediate, home-based and end of life care
Glossary
Index
List of figures
Figure 1.1: Diagram of the lungs
Figure 1.2: Cellular respiration
Figure 1.3: A summary of gas transport and exchange 9
Figure 2.1: Example of a genogram
Figure 3.1: The anatomical landmarks of the chest
Figure 4.1: Flow graphs
Figure 6.1: Asthma and the airways
Figure 6.2: Stepwise asthma management
List of tables
Table 1.1: Muscles involved in breathing
Table 2.1: MRCP scale
Table 2.2: Work-related diseases
Table 2.3: Causes of cough
Table 2.4: Specific areas to consider, relating to respiratory disease
Table 3.1: Breathe sounds
Table 3.2: Adventitious abnormal sounds
Table 3.3: Respiratory chest examination checklist
Table 4.1: Specific tests
Table 4.2: Full blood count results
Table 4.3: Severity of airflow obstruction
Table 6.1: The ‘3 questions’ screening tool
Table 6.2: PAINT
Table 7.1: Factors affecting medical adherence
List of boxes
Box 1.1: Cystic fibrosis
Box 1.2: Hypercapnia
Box 1.3a: Reader activity
Box 1.3b: Answers to reader activity
Box 2.1: The components of history taking
Box 2.2: The HOPE questionnaire
Box 2.3a: Reader activity
Box 2.4a: Reader activity
Box 2.3b: Answers to reader activity
Box 2.4b: Answers to reader activity
Box 4.1: The Bode method
Box 4.2: The approximate 4-year survival interpretation
Box 5.1: CURB65 score for mortality risk assessment
Box 5.2: Signs and symptoms of hypercapnia
Box 6.1: Presentation of COPD
Box 6.2: Reader activity
Box 6.3: Diagnosis and the probability of asthma in children
Box 6.4: Asthma triggers
Box 6.5a: Reader activity – case study
Box 6.5b: Answers to reader activity
Box 7.1a: Reader activity
Box 7.1b: Answers to reader activity
Box 8.1: Inhaled drugs commonly used in respiratory disease
Box 8.2a: Reader activity
Box 8.2b: Answers to reader activity
About the author
Deborah Duncan BSc PGCAP PGDIP MSc FHEA AKC RGN RM MP NT
Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing, Bucks New University and Associate Lecturer, Kings College London
Deborah is an experienced lecturer for pre-qualification and post-registration nursing students and is involved in developing e-learning courses for nurses. She is also an advanced nurse practitioner with 17 years experience in primary care, and diagnosing and managing patients with long-term conditions. She is also a member of the association of respiratory nurse specialists.
Although this is her first text book she is a prolific writer, having had over thirty articles published in the nursing press, and has written two non-nursing books to date, one of which is a novel.
List of abbreviations
Explanations of most of these abbreviations can be found in the glossary at the back of the book.
2MWT 2-Minute Walk Test
ACOS Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome
A1AT alpha 1-antitrypsin
ABG arterial blood gas
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACOS Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
APC antigen presenting cell
ASL airway surface liquid
ATP adenosine triphosphate
BAL bronchoscopic alveolar lavage
BDP beclometasone dipropionate
BMI body mass index
BLVR bronchoscopic lung volume reduction
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CRP C-reactive protein
CT computed tomography
ECG electrocardiogram
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
FBC full blood count
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second
FVC forced vital capacity
GCM gene complex molecule
GORD gastric-oesophageal reflux disease
g/dL grams per decilitre
HaH hospital at home
Hb haemoglobin
HRQOL health-related quality of life
HVS hyperventilation syndrome
IHC inhaled corticosteroid
INR international normalised ratio blood test
IV intravenous
JVP jugular venous pressure
LABA long-acting beta2 agonist
LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LHF left-handed heart failure
LTOT long-term oxygen therapy
LVF left ventricular failure
LVRS lung volume reduction surgery
MCH mean cell haemoglobin
MCV mean corpuscular volume
MDI metered dose inhaler
MHC major histocompatibility complex
mmHg millimetres of mercury (Hg)
NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
NSCLC non-small cell carcinoma
PaO 2 partial pressure of oxygen
PaCO 2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PCV packed cell volume
RAST radioallergosorbent
SABA short-acting beta2 agonist
SAMA short-acting muscarinic antagonist
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
μ mol micromole (a unit of measurement)
Introduction
This textbook is written for health professionals caring for patients with a respiratory condition. There are a great many respiratory conditions so the book will look at the most common ones. More than 30% of patients who visit a general practitioner each year have a respiratory condition (Fischer et al. 2005, Van Dujin et al. 2007). The most common types of problems are uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections (the common cold) and bronchitis (Fischer et al. 2005).
This book will look at both acute and chronic conditions. Respiratory conditions are also categorised according to whether they are restrictive or obstructive. An obstructive disease causes damage to the lung tissue or narrowing in the airways. A patient may inhale but struggle to exhale effectively, causing a feeling of breathlessness. Common examples of obstructive conditions are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. People with restrictive lung disease cannot fully fill their lungs, as their lungs are restricted from doing so. Common examples of restrictive disorders are interstitial lung disease (such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and hypoventilation syndrome.
The first chapter gives the reader an overview of the respiratory system. Several chapters then look at history taking, and the physical assessment and secondary tests you need to do to assess a patient with an undiagnosed respiratory condition. We will also look at the aetiology, assessment and management of specific conditions, followed by a chapter on the pharmacology of respiratory disease. Finally, we look at intermediate, hospital at home and end of life care.
This book offers a holistic and practical approach to caring for a patient with a respiratory disease. Most of the chapters also include at least one reader activity as well as a list of further resources. For easy reference, there is a list of abbreviations on p. ix and a glossary on p. 113.
References
Fischer, T., Fischer, S., Kochen, M.M. & Hummers-Pradier, E. (2005). Influence of patient symptoms and physical findings on general practitioners’ treatment of respiratory tract infections: a direct observation study. BMC Family Practice. 6 (1), 1.
Van Dujin, H., Kuyvenhoven, M., Schellevis, F. & Verheij, T (2007). Illness behaviour and antibiotic prescription in patients with respiratory tract symptoms. Journal of General Practice. 57 (540), 561–68.
Acknowledgements
My thanks and acknowledgements go to Dr Carole Jackson, Julie Bliss, Alison Gallagher and my colleagues at The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, who supported me while I planned this book. Also to those at Bucks New University – t