Obesity and Asthma, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics , livre ebook

Elsevier - Anurag Agrawal

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This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics, devoted to Obesity and Asthma, is edited by Dr. Anurag Agrawal. Articles in this issue include: Clinical Implications of the Obese Asthma Phenotypes; Childhood Obesity and the Risk of Allergy; Metabolic Asthma: Is there a link between obesity, asthma, and diabetes?; Role of Weight Management in Obese-Asthma Control; Obesity and Airway Disease: A Bioenergetic Problem?; Nutrition, Obesity, and Asthma: Exploring Epigenetic Programming; Obesity and Asthma: The Role of Environmental Pollutants; Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Adult Obese Asthmatics; and From ADMA to Asthma.

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Médecine

Médecine Générale

Medical

Immunology

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Publié par	Elsevier
Date de parution	16 octobre 2015
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780323323789
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,5170€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Clinics Review Articles IMMUNOLOGYAND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Obesity and Asthma

Dr., Anurag Agrawal, MD, PhD, FCCP
Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR–Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
ISSN  0889-8561 Volume 34 • Number 4 • November 2014
Elsevier
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Contributors
Consulting Editor
Editor
Authors
Forthcoming Issues
Forthcoming Issues
Recent Issues
Foreword: Obesity and Asthma—Is There a Causal Association?
Preface: Urban, Obese, Allergic, and Breathless: The Shape of Things to Come?
Clinical Implications of the Obese-Asthma Phenotypes
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Obese asthmatics and standard asthma treatment
Treatment options for obese asthmatics
Comorbid confounders in obese asthmatics
Summary/future considerations
Childhood Obesity and Risk of Allergy or Asthma
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology of obesity and allergic diseases in children
Obesity and risk of atopy/allergy
Is obesity a cause or effect of asthma: Causality and reverse causality?
Possible mechanisms of asthma in the obese children
Adipokines and systemic inflammation in obesity: Do these aggravate or cause asthma?
Does childhood obesity promote mixed T helper cell type 1/2 inflammation?
Are obese children at higher risk of having airway hyper-responsiveness?
Lung function in obese asthmatics
Obesity and asthma-related outcomes
Role of comorbidities
Weight loss and asthma control
Summary
Arginine Metabolism in Asthma
Key points
Introduction
Treatment options
Future considerations/summary
Metabolic Asthma
Key points
Obesity-asthma link
Diabetes-asthma link
Metabolic origins of asthma
Prenatal influences
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Airway Disease
Key points
Introduction
Background
Physiology
Pathophysiology
Treatment
Summary and future directions
Role of Weight Management in Asthma Symptoms and Control
Key points
Introduction
Dietary interventions in weight management
Surgical intervention for weight loss
Weight management and improvement in asthma comorbidities
Weight loss and markers of inflammation
Summary
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Adult Obese Asthmatics
Key points
Introduction
Metformin, insulin resistance, and asthma
Asthma, the mevalonate pathway, and the statin drugs
l-Arginine and asthma
ADMA and phosphodiesterase inhibition
Vitamins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: other potential consideration in asthma and obesity
Future considerations/Summary
Nutritional Influences on Epigenetic Programming
Key points
Introduction
Epigenetics, obesity, and asthma
Multiple epigenetic effects of nutritional exposures
Folate (folic acid) and DNA methylation
Beyond folate: epigenetics and other nutrients
Gut microbiota biodiversity and short-chain fatty acids
Importance of a whole dietary composition approach rather than individual nutrients
Summary
Obesity and Asthma
Key points
Air pollution as a risk factor for obesity
Obesity increases vulnerability to the harmful effects of air pollution
Summary
Index
Contributors

Consulting Editor
RAFEUL ALAM, MD, PhD
Professor and Chief, Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado

Editor
ANURAG AGRAWAL, MD, PhD, FCCP
Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India

Authors
ANURAG AGRAWAL, MD, PhD, FCCP
Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
JENNIFER M. BRATT, PhD
Post-Doctoral Researcher, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
JEFFREY M. CRAIG, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Early Life Epigenetics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
JENNIFER DIAZ, MD
North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Hofstra School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
SHERRY FARZAN, MD
North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Hofstra School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
HARTMUT GRASEMANN, MD, PhD
Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
TIMOTHY HEACOCK, MD
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
RAE-CHI HUANG, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Members of ‘ In-FLAME ’ the International Inflammation Network, World Universities Network (WUN); Telethon KIDS Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
SUSHIL K. KABRA, MD
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
NICHOLAS J. KENYON, MD, MAS
Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
SNEHA LIMAYE, MBBS, PDCR
Head of Department-Clinical Trials, Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India
ANGELA L. LINDERHOLM, PhD
Assistant Project Scientist, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
RAKESH LODHA, MD
Additional Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
NJIRA LUGOGO, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
DEBRA J. PALMER, PhD
Associate Professor, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia (M561), Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; Members of ‘ In-FLAME ’ the International Inflammation Network, World Universities Network (WUN)
MIRIAM K. PEREZ, MD
Associate Staff, Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
GIOVANNI PIEDIMONTE, MD
Professor and Chairman, Pediatric Institute; Physician-in-Chief, Children's Hospital; President, Children's Hospital for Rehabilitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
Y.S. PRAKASH, MD, PhD
Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
SUSAN L. PRESCOTT, MD, PhD
Professor, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia (M561), Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; Members of ‘ In-FLAME ’ the International Inflammation Network, World Universities Network (WUN); Telethon KIDS Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
DINESH RAJ, MD
Consultant, Department of Pediatrics, Holy Family Hospital, Okhla, New Delhi, India
SUNDEEP SALVI, MD, DNB, PhD(UK), FCCP (USA)
Director, Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India
GERTRUD U. SCHUSTER, PhD
Assistant Project Scientist, Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis; Immunity and Diseases Prevention Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Services (ARS), Davis, California
JEREMY A. SCOTT, PhD
Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
AMIR A. ZEKI, MD, MAS
Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
Contents

Foreword: Obesity and Asthma—Is There a Causal Association?   xi
Rafeul Alam

Preface: Urban, Obese, Allergic, and Breathless: The Shape of Things to Come?   xiii
Anurag Agrawal

Clinical Implications of the Obese-Asthma Phenotypes   739
Jennifer Diaz and Sherry Farzan
The concomitant increase in obesity and asthma in recent years has led to the classification of two obese-asthma phenotypes, characterized by the age of asthma onset and atopy. Asthma tends to be more severe, harder to control, and more resistant to standard medications among members of these two groups. Because of the limited effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids, dietary changes and weight loss measures must be considered in the management of these patients. Furthermore, comorbidities such as depression and obstructive sleep apnea must be addressed to provide optimal care for this group of difficult-to-control asthmatics.

Childhood Obesity and Risk of Allergy or Asthma   753
Dinesh Raj, Sushil K. Kabra, and Rakesh Lodha
The simultaneous increment in the prevalence of obesity and allergic diseases suggests a possible link between them. This review focuses on the consequences of obesity on allergic diseases, especially asthma in children and adolescents, and evaluates the available evidence on the possible mechanisms. Obesity is related more strongly to nonatopic than atopic asthma, suggesting non-eosinophilic inflammation and Th1 polarization. Among other allergic diseases, the association is more consistent with eczema compared to allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis. The mechanisms of asthma in obese individuals could involve mechanical effects of obesity on lung function, adipokines-mediated inflammation, shared factors (diet, genetics, sedentary lifestyle) and comorbidities.

Arginine Metabolism in Asthma   767
Jeremy A. Scott and Hartmut Grasemann
Nitric oxid