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178 pages

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Obesity is an epidemic problem not limited to Western society, but also in emerging industrial nations with large populations, especially in Asia. The connection between the gut and the brain is probably one of the most promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This book brings together reviews on the current understanding of how the gut and brain communicate in the regulation of metabolism. Individual chapters explore novel aspects of this interaction. A comprehensive update on the roles of smell and taste, the gut microbiome, and novel gut-derived neuropeptides in regulating metabolism via the brain is offered. Furthermore, the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the brain is discussed in detail. Providing an overview of the most recent findings, 'How Gut and Brain Control Metabolism' could spark in the reader new ideas or approaches, thus leading to much-needed new medical treatments. Physicians with an involvement in the treatment of metabolic disease and scientists performing research in the fields of nutrition and obesity will find this book a valuable addition to their bookshelves.

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Publié par	S. Karger AG
Date de parution	10 avril 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9783318026399
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0530€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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How Gut and Brain Control Metabolism
Frontiers of Hormone Research
Vol. 42
Series Editor
Ezio Ghigo Turin
Co-Editors
Federica Guaraldi Turin
Andrea Benso Turin
How Gut and Brain Control Metabolism
Volume Editors
Patric J.D. Delhanty Rotterdam
Aart J. van der Lely Rotterdam
32 figures, 22 in color, and 3 tables, 2014
Frontiers of Hormone Research Founded 1972 by Tj.B. van Wimersma Greidanus, Utrecht Continued by Ashley B. Grossman, Oxford (1996-2013)
_______________________ Patric J.D. Delhanty, PhD Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
_______________________ Aart J. van der Lely, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
How gut and brain control metabolism/volume editors, Patric J.D. Delhanty, Aart J. van der Lely.
p.; cm. -- (Frontiers of hormone research ; vol. 42)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-318-02638-2 (hard cover: alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-3-318-02639-9 (e-ISBN)
I. Delhanty, Patric J. D., editor of compilation. II. Lely, Aart Jan van der., editor of compilation.
III. Series: Frontiers of hormone research ; v. 42.0301-3073
[DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Hormones--metabolism. 2. Brain--metabolism.
3. Neuropeptides--metabolism.4. Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone--metabolism.
W1 FR946F v.42 2014/WK 170]
QP572.G35
573.4’4--dc23
2014004435
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and PubMed/MEDLINE.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2014 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen
ISSN 0301-3073
e-ISSN 1662-3762
ISBN 978-3-318-02638-2
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02639-9
Contents
Foreword
Gautron, L.; Elmquist, J.K. (Dallas, Tex.)
Preface
Delhanty, P.J.D.; van der Lely, A.J. (Rotterdam)
Aspects of Metabolic Interplay between the Brain and the Gut
Hormonal Control of Metabolism by the Hypothalamus-Autonomic Nervous System-Liver Axis
Kalsbeek, A.; Bruinstroop, E.; Yi, C.-X.; Klieverik, L.; Liu, J.; Fliers, E. (Amsterdam)
The Blood-Brain Barrier as a Regulator of the Gut-Brain Axis
Schaeffer, M. (Montpellier); Hodson, D.J. (Montpellier/London); Mollard, P. (Montpellier)
The Brain Modulates Insulin Sensitivity in Multiple Tissues
Parlevliet, E.T. (Amsterdam/Leiden); Coomans, C.P.; Rensen, P.C.N. (Leiden);
Romijn, J.A. (Amsterdam)
The Important Role of Sleep in Metabolism
Copinschi, G.; Leproult, R. (Brussels); Spiegel, K. (Lyon)
Metabolic Interplay between Gut Bacteria and Their Host
Duca, F. (Jouy-en-Josas/Toronto, Ont.); Gérard, P. (Jouy-en-Josas);
Covasa, M. (Jouy-en-Josas/Pomona, Calif./Suceava); Lepage, P. (Jouy-en-Josas)
The Brain-Stomach Connection
Folgueira, C.; Seoane, L.M.; Casanueva, F.F. (Santiago de Compostela)
Prader-Willi Syndrome as a Model of Human Hyperphagia
Tauber, M.; Diene, G.; Mimoun, E.; Çabal-Berthoumieu, S.; Mantoulan, C.;
Molinas, C. (Toulouse); Muscatelli, F. (Marseille); Salles, J.P. (Toulouse)
Interactions between the Gut, the Brain and Brown Adipose Tissue Function
van den Beukel, J.C.; Grefhorst, A. (Rotterdam)
Smell and Taste
Gut Sweet Taste Receptors and Their Role in Metabolism
Meyer-Gerspach, A.C.; Wölnerhanssen, B.; Beglinger, C. (Basel)
What Is the Role of Metabolic Hormones in Taste Buds of the Tongue
Cai, H.; Maudsley, S.; Martin, B. (Baltimore, Md.)
The Role of Neuropeptides in Metabolism
Protein PYY and Its Role in Metabolism
Price, S.L.; Bloom, S.R. (London)
Nutropioids Regulate Gut-Brain Circuitry Controlling Food Intake
Mithieux, G. (Lyon/Villeurbanne)
Should We Consider Des-Acyl Ghrelin as a Separate Hormone and If So, What Does It Do?
Delhanty, P.J.D.; Neggers, S.J.; van der Lely, A.J. (Rotterdam)
Obestatin: Is It Really Doing Something?
Trovato, L.; Gallo, D.; Settanni, F.; Gesmundo, I.; Ghigo, E.; Granata, R. (Turin)
Author Index
Subject Index
Foreword
The ability of mammals to maintain ‘constancy’ has intrigued humans and has roused curiosity since antiquity. This includes the inherent communication between peripheral tissues and the brain. This is exemplified by brain-gut communication. Claude Bernard pioneered the field of brain-gut communication with an experiment that fascinated his contemporary physiologists. The experiment consisted in making a rabbit artificially diabetic following the piqûre, or puncture, of the floor of the fourth ventricle (ca. 1855). However, only in recent decades has there been significant progress in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication.
This progress has been largely driven by the alarming increase in the incidence of obesity and diabetes in countries around the globe. Fortunately, largely as a result of the work of our expert colleagues in endocrinology, neuroanatomy, and genetics, we now recognize that a plethora of molecules and cellular events are involved in the communication between the brain and the gut. Furthermore, with the recent discovery of the regulatory effects of the gut microbiome on metabolic health, our understanding of gut-brain communication has reached a new level of complexity. There is also strong persuasive and emerging evidence that several potential anti-diabetic and anti-obesity pharmacological agents, not to mention weight loss surgery itself, can directly regulate the physiological processes underlying gut-brain interactions. Thus, many clinicians and researchers now acknowledge that identifying the pathways underlying the integration of neural and hormonal information arising from the gut is a true challenge that is necessary in the fight against obesity and diabetes.
Despite the aforementioned enormous advances, surprisingly, traditional textbooks in endocrinology or neurosciences do not deal at great length with gutbrain communication. The editors of this volume, who are renowned endocrinologists and scientists, have assembled a group of expert authors who now provide a comprehensive text that encompasses all of the recent advances in understanding the role of gut-brain interactions in metabolic functions. In this volume, the elegant work of several distinguished biologists is appropriately reflected as the intellectual underpinning of modern gut-brain medicine. We can only hope that this volume will inspire new research in the field of gut-brain communication.
Laurent Gautron , PhD
Joel K. Elmquist , DVM, PhD
Division of Hypothalamic Research
Department of Internal Medicine
UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Dallas, Tex., USA
Preface
The aim of this book is to explore specific topics related to gut-brain interactions in the control of systemic metabolism, providing an overview of the most recent findings in this field, and relating these findings to previous work. The chapters describe novel aspects of this interaction, including regulation of insulin sensitivity in the brain, the roles of smell and taste, the gut microbiome, and novel gut-derived neuro-peptides in regulating metabolism via the brain. These topics have been subdivided into three sections. The first section, ‘Aspects of metabolic interplay between the brain and the gut’, includes chapters related to mechanisms of interactions between the gut and the brain including neural and gut biome interactions, the hypothalamicgut axis, central insulin action, the impact of sleep patterns, the link with brown adipose tissue function, and Prader-Willi syndrome as an example of dysregulated gut-brain interaction. The second section deals specifically with ‘Smell and taste’. This section includes chapters on taste receptors both on the tongue and in the gut and their important role in regulating metabolism via the brain. The final section, ‘The role of neuropeptides in metabolism’, includes chapters