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192 pages

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It is well known that acute, severe hyponatremia is a life-threatening situation. However, there is growing evidence that mild and chronic hyponatremia may also have negative consequences. Gait disturbances, attention deficits, falls and fractures, and bone loss have all been reported, with increased mortality in almost every disease state if the patient is hyponatremic. This book has been written by key opinion leaders in the field and covers a spectrum of crucial aspects of hyponatremia, including a historical perspective, physiology and pathophysiology of water homeostasis, epidemiology of hyponatremia, and clinical features. A detailed description of all available therapies has been incorporated, with a guide to a clinician’s approach to key therapeutic situations. Hyponatremia is a topic that encompasses all areas of medicine, so this book will be of interest to specialists such as endocrinologists, nephrologists and internists, but will also be a valuable resource for all clinicians who manage patients with hyponatremia.

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Publié par	S. Karger AG
Date de parution	15 janvier 2019
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9783318063837
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0470€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism
Frontiers of Hormone Research
Vol. 52
Series Editor
Ezio Ghigo Turin
Co-Editor
Federica Guaraldi Turin

Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism
Focus on Hyponatremia
Volume Editors
Alessandro Peri Florence
Chris J. Thompson Dublin
Joseph G. Verbalis Washington, DC
25 figures, 6 in color, and 20 tables, 2019
Frontiers of Hormone Research Founded 1972 by Tj.B. van Wimersma Greidanus, Utrecht Continued by Ashley B. Grossman, Oxford (1996–2013)
______________________________ Alessandro Peri Sodium Unit, Endocrinology Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio University of Florence Careggi University Hospital Florence (Italy)
______________________________ Chris J. Thompson Academic Department of Endocrinology Beaumont Hospital/ RCSI Medical School Dublin (Ireland)
______________________________ Joseph G. Verbalis Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Georgetown University Washington, DC (USA)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Peri, Alessandro, 1964- editor. | Thompson, Chris J. (Christopher J.), editor. | Verbalis, Joseph G., editor.
Title: Disorders of fluid and electrolyte metabolism : focus on hyponatremia / volume editors, Alessandro Peri, Chris J. Thompson, Joseph G. Verbalis.
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2019. | Series: Frontiers of hormone research, ISSN 0301-3073 ; vol. 52 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018049932 (print) | LCCN 2018050499 (ebook) | ISBN 9783318063837 (eBook) | ISBN 9783318063820 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318063837 (e-ISBN)
Subjects: | MESH: Hyponatremia
Classification: LCC QP90.5 (ebook) | LCC QP90.5 (print) | NLM WD 220 | DDC 612/.01522--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018049932
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and PubMed/MEDLINE.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2019 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 0301–3073
e-ISSN 1662–3762
ISBN 978–3–318–06382–0
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06383–7

Contents
Introduction
Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia
Thompson, C.J. (Dublin); Peri, A. (Florence); Verbalis, J.G. (Washington, DC)
Pathophysiology, Epidemiology and Adverse Effects of Hyponatremia
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Water Homeostasis
Rondon-Berrios, H. (Pittsburgh, PA); Berl, T. (Aurora, CO)
Etiology and Epidemiology of Hyponatremia
Burst, V. (Cologne)
Morbidity and Mortality of Hyponatremia
Peri, A. (Florence)
Hyponatremia Is Linked to Bone Loss, Osteoporosis, Fragility and Bone Fractures
Barsony, J.; Kleess, L.; Verbalis, J.G. (Washington, DC)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Categories of Hyponatremia
Euvolemic Hyponatremia Secondary to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis
Verbalis, J.G. (Washington, DC)
Hyponatremia and Glucocorticoid Deficiency
Garrahy, A.; Thompson, C.J. (Dublin)
Hypovolemic Hyponatremia
Mohottige, D.; Lehrich, R.W.; Greenberg, A. (Durham, NC)
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia (Liver)
Sol , E.; Gin s, P. (Barcelona)
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia in Heart Failure
Davila, C.D.; Udelson, J.E. (Boston, MA)
Adverse Consequences of Overly-Rapid Correction of Hyponatremia
Sterns, R.H. (Rochester, NY)
Unique Clinical Subgroups with Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia in Neurosurgical Patients
Hannon, M.J.; Thompson, C.J. (Dublin)
Hyponatremia in Oncology Patients
Groh , C. (Berlin)
Hyponatremia-Inducing Drugs
Liamis, G.; Megapanou, E.; Elisaf, M.; Milionis, H. (Ioannina)
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia
Hew-Butler, T. (Detroit, MI)
Additional Considerations Impacting Therapy of Hyponatremia
The Diagnostic Approach to the Patient with Hyponatremia: Are the Correct Investigations Being Done ?
Tzoulis, P. (London); Runkle-De la Vega, I. (Madrid)
Conclusions
Future of Hyponatremia Research
Verbalis, J.G. (Washington, DC); Peri, A. (Florence); Thompson, C.J. (Dublin)
Author Index
Subject Index
Introduction
Peri A, Thompson CJ, Verbalis JG (eds): Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. Focus on Hyponatremia. Front Horm Res. Basel, Karger, 2019, vol 52, pp 1-7 (DOI: 10.1159/000493216)

Historical Aspects of Hyponatremia
Chris J. Thompson a · Alessandro Peri b · Joseph G. Verbalis c
a Academic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital/RCSI Medical School, Dublin, Ireland; b Sodium Unit, Endocrinology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, “Center for Research, Transfer and High Education on Chronic, Inflammatory, Degenerative and Neoplastic Disorders for the Development of Novel Therapies” (DENOThe), University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; c Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
In almost 2 decades since the onset of the 21st century, there has been an explosion in interest in hyponatremia, which has resulted in a marked increase in the number of publications on the topic. This is remarkable as there is no evidence that the incidence or prevalence of the condition is increasing. Unlike new diseases, such as antibiotic-resistant infections or complications of the effects of cancer therapy, hyponatremia has always been there. However, the increased interest in hyponatremia reflects an improved understanding of the effects of hyponatremia on both morbidity and mortality, and equally, a recognition of the large gaps in our knowledge of this area. The expansion in the potential ramifications of hyponatremia, on falls, fractures and osteoporosis, as well as its association with increased mortality has focused on how much more still needs to be done to prove the causal relationships and to ascertain the value of therapeutic intervention. This has resulted in an academic environment characterised by healthy debate - and occasional dispute - among groups involved in hyponatremia research, which is beneficial since it further invigorates interest in hyponatremia. As a result, there has been a steady rise in publications on the topic of hyponatremia since the 1940s ( Fig. 1 ).
However, the current clinical and academic interests in hyponatremia are relatively recent. For many years, hyponatremia was a topic that did not generate enthusiasm among journal editors or granting agencies, and indeed, was not attached to a specific sub-discipline of medicine. A small number of endocrinologists and nephrologists nurtured research programs that contributed to gathering knowledge on hyponatremia, but the majority of hospitals had no specialists who developed services for hyponatremic patients, or who set standards for investigations and management of the condition. The evolution of our knowledge on the physiology of the control of serum [Na + ] concentration, and how that knowledge transformed the clinical approach to diagnosis and management of hyponatremia, is a journey worthy of some comment.

Fig 1. Cumulative numbers of PubMed publications on hyponatremia, by decade.
Early Publications and Theories
Although there have been a number of papers that referred to hyponatremia in the context of water intoxication, the first systematic review of conditions marked by abnormalities of water and salt balance in PubMed was published in 1947 in the British Medical Journal [ 1 ]. Marriott’s treatise focused on the prevailing interpretation of the time, that perturbations in serum [Na + ] concentration could be explained on the basis of altered dynamics of sodium balance; in other words, that abnormal sodium intake or excretion was responsible for changes in serum [Na + ] concentration, including hyponatremia. This view, which predominated the field for many years, is in direct contrast to modern interpretations of