Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease E-Book , livre ebook

Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Second Edition

Michael A. Gatzoulis, MD, PhD, FACC, FESC
Professor of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease, Consultant Cardiologist, Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Gary D. Webb, MD, CM, FACC
Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Director, Cincinnati Adolescent and Adult Congenital Heart Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio

Piers E.F. Daubeney, MA, DM, DCH, MRCP, FRCPCH
Reader in Paediatric Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Consultant, Paediatric and Fetal Cardiologist, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Saunders
Front matter
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease
second edition
Michael A. Gatzoulis, MD, PhD, FACC, FESC , Professor of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Disease, Consultant Cardiologist, Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
Gary D. Webb, MD, CM, FACC , Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Director, Cincinnati Adolescent and Adult Congenital Heart Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
Piers E. F. Daubeney, MA, DM, DCH, MRCP, FRCPCH , Reader in Paediatric Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Consultant, Paediatric and Fetal Cardiologist, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Copyright

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, SECOND EDITION
ISBN: 978-0-7020-3426-8
Copyright © 2011, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Ltd.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease / edited by Michael Gatzoulis,
Gary D. Webb, Piers E. F. Daubeney ; foreword by Joseph K. Perloff.—2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7020-3426-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Congenital heart disease. I.
Gatzoulis, Michael A. II. Webb, Gary D. III. Daubeney, Piers E. F. IV. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Heart Defects, Congenital—diagnosis. 2. Adult. 3. Heart Defects, Congenital— therapy. WG 220]
RC687.D495 2011
616.1’2043—dc22
2010031222
Executive Publisher: Natasha Andjelkovic
Senior Developmental Editor: Ann Ruzycka Anderson
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Team Manager: Radhika Pallamparthy
Project Managers: Claire Kramer, Joanna Dhanabalan
Designer: Steven Stave
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
To Julie, Mikey, and William
To Anne, Laura, and Natalie
To Nara, Henry, Beatrice, and Daphne
Contributors

David Alexander, MBChB, FRCA, Consultant Anaesthetist, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Heart and Lung Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Abdullah A. Alghamdi, MD, MSC, FRCSC, Cardiac Surgery Fellow, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Rafael Alonso-gonzalez, MD, MSC, Clinical Fellow in Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Naser M. Ammash, MD, Consultant, Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Associate Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Annalisa Angelini, MD, Associate Professor, Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Medical-Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Ravi Assomull, MBBChir, MRCP, Research Fellow, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Cardiologist, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, MBBS, BSc, MRCP, Honorary Clinical Research Fellow, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Adult Congential Heart Disease Fellow, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Carl L. Backer, Professor of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, A. C. Buehler Professor of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Division Head, Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois

Cristina Basso, MD, PHD, Associate Professor, Pathology, Department of Medico-Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy

Elisabeth Bédard, MD, FRCPC, Cardiologist, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

D. Woodrow Benson, MD, PhD, Professor of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

Lee Benson, MD, FRCPC, FACC, FSCAI, Professor of Pediatrics ( Cardiology), Pediatrics, University of Toronto School of Medicine Director, Cardiac Diagnostic and Interventional Unit, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stella D. Brili, MD, Consultant, Adult Congenital Heart Disease, First Cardiology Department, University of Athens Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece

Craig S. Broberg, MD, FACC, Assistant Professor, Director of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon

Morgan L. Brown, MD, PhD, Resident, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Albert V.G. Bruschke, MD, PhD, Emeritus Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, The Netherlands

Werner Budts, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Cardiology, Catholic University of Leuven, Head of Adult Congenital Heart Disease, University of Hospitals and Leuven Clinic, Leuven, Belgium

Alida L.P. Caforio, Assistant Professor, Cardiological, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, NHS Senior Staff Cardiologist, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova– Policlinico Universitario, Padova, Italy

Dennis V. Cokkinos, MD, Professor Emeritus, University of Athens, Director Emeritus, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Director Cardiovascular Department, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece

Jack M. Colman, MD, FRCPC, Associate Professor of Medicine ( Cardiology), University of Toronto, Cardiologist, Mount Sinai Hospital, Staff Cardiologist, Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael S. Connelly, BSc, MBBS, MRCP, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Staff Cardiologist, Peter Lougheed Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Heidi M. Connolly, MD, Consultant, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Professor of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Domenico Corrado, MD, PhD, Professor, Cardiovascular Medicine, Inherited Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy

Gordon Cumming, BSc (MeD), MD, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA