Chlamydial Infection: A Clinical and Public Health Perspective , livre ebook

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157 pages

English

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Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause one of the most common sexually transmitted infectious diseases in the world. The infection disproportionately impacts women and the highest prevalence of infection is found in adolescents. Most chlamydial infections are asymptomatic. Untreated infections are sources of further spread of infection and can lead to serious consequences including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Chlamydial infections also increase a person’s susceptibility to HIV and other STDs.Featuring contributions by internationally recognized experts in epidemiology, infectious disease research and chlamydial biology, this book provides up-to-date reviews from a clinical and public health perspective on chlamydia epidemiology and control programs, genomics and pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment, host immune responses, and the latest on the search for an effective vaccine. Also included are chapters on the impact of chlamydial infection on specific populations such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, and an update on the outbreak in Europe of the invasive chlamydial infection, lymphogranuloma venereum or LGV. This comprehensive publication is intended for clinicians, public health workers and scientists with interest in sexually transmitted diseases, medical microbiology, infectious diseases and clinical research.

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Publié par	S. Karger AG
Date de parution	19 juin 2013
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9783318023992
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0345€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Chlamydial Infection: A Clinical and Public Health Perspective
Issues in Infectious Diseases
Vol. 7
Series Editor
Brian W.J. Mahy Bury St. Edmunds
Chlamydial Infection: A Clinical and Public Health Perspective
Volume Editor
Carolyn M. Black Atlanta, Ga.
12 figures, 3 in color and 12 tables, 2013
Issues in Infectious Diseases
_____________________ Carolyn M. Black Division of Scientific Resources National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30333 (USA)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Black, Carolyn Morris.
Chlamydial infection: a clinical and public health perspective / volume editor, Carolyn M. Black.
p.; cm. –– (Issues in infectious diseases, ISSN 1660-1890; v. 7)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-318-02398-5 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-318-02399-2 (e-ISBN)
I. Title. II. Series: Issues in infectious diseases; v. 7. 1660-1890
[DNLM: 1. Chlamydia Infections––physiopathology. 2. Chlamydia trachomatis––pathogenicity. WC 600]
RC124.5
616.9'235––dc23
2013014316
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2013 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
© Copyright of Introduction and Chapter 7 by Carolyn M. Black, Atlanta, Ga.
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck und Verlag, Ettenheim
ISSN 1660-1890
e-ISSN 1662-3819
ISBN 978-3-318-02398-5
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02399-2
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
Black, C.M. (Atlanta, Ga.)
Chapter 1
Epidemiology and Prevention and Control Programs for Chlamydia
Satterwhite, C.L.; Douglas Jr., J.M. (Atlanta, Ga.)
Chapter 2
Chlamydia trachomatis Pathogenicity and Disease
Dean, D. (Oakland, Calif./Berkley/San Francisco, Calif.)
Chapter 3
Chlamydia trachomatis Genome Structure
Putman, T.E.; Rockey, D.D. (Corvallis, Oreg.)
Chapter 4
Chlamydia trachomatis: Molecular Testing Methods
Gaydos, C.A. (Baltimore, Md.)
Chapter 5
Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
Hammerschlag, M.R. (Brooklyn, N.Y.)
Chapter 6
The Immunologic Response to Urogenital Infection
Johnson, R.M. (Indianapolis, Ind.); Geisler, W. (Birmingham, Ala.)
Chapter 7
Chlamydia Vaccine Development
Igietseme, J.U.; Black, C.M. (Atlanta, Ga.)
Chapter 8
Maternal and Infant Chlamydia trachomatis Infections
Rours, I.G.I.J.G. (Rotterdam); Hammerschlag, M.R. (Brooklyn, N.Y.)
Chapter 9
Chlamydia trachomatis Infection among Sexual Minorities
Singh, D.; Marrazzo, J.M. (Seattle, Wash.)
Chapter 10
Lymphogranuloma Venereum: A Concise Outline of an Emerging Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men
de Vries, H.J.C. (Amsterdam/Bilthoven); Morré, S. (Amsterdam)
Author Index
Subject Index
Introduction
Black CM (ed): Chlamydial Infection: A Clinical and Public Health Perspective. Issues Infect Dis. Basel, Karger, 2013, vol 7, pp 1-8 (DOI: 10.1159/000348748)
______________________
Introduction
Carolyn M. Black
Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga., USA
Despite our knowing of it for centuries, chlamydial infection remains one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases in the world and its agent, Chlamydia trachomatis , is one of the most enigmatic pathogens known to medical science. This book was written to fill a dearth of books that are aimed at medical scientists and clinical practitioners who wish to delve more deeply into the clinical and public health aspects of chlamydial infection. The authors, all of whom are internationally recognized experts in this field, have provided information that is based on the latest research available at the time, in many cases including a summary of results of their own work. The book is structured in a logical fashion that begins with a description of the public health burden and epidemiology of chlamydial infections, moves through an overview of the biology and genomics of chlamydiae as they relate to the clinical spectrum and pathogenesis of infection, then reviews the topics of the immunological response, diagnosis and treatment, and finally addresses prevention with the status of current vaccine development research. We have also included a few sections on rarely presented information covering topics and populations of special interest to clinical and public health practitioners: pregnant mothers and their babies, outbreaks of a less common, invasive and systemic type of chlamydial infection known as lymphogranuloma venereum, or LGV, and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men, gay and lesbian populations. The aim of this book is to cover clinical and public health aspects of sexually transmitted genital infections caused by C. trachomatis in humans and we have not attempted to cover infections caused by any other chlamydial species nor chlamydial diseases of the eye (trachoma) or respiratory tract, which have been richly described elsewhere in the literature.
To provide a backdrop for the main content of the book and for those who may be less indoctrinated in the field, the following is a short introduction on the history, biology and clinical spectrum of infections caused by C. trachomatis. Also, as a reference aid, it may be helpful to make note of some of the terminology used in the field to refer to this organism and its infection. The genus and species name is Chlamydia trachomatis (italicized), but commonly the organism is referred to as ‘chlamydia’ in singular and ‘chlamydiae’ in plural, and ‘chlamydial’ as an adjective, for example, ‘chlamydial infection’. Use of the term ‘chlamydia’ or ‘chlamydiae’ should refer to the bacterium only; when referring to the infection caused by this bacterium, ‘chlamydial infection’ or ‘chlamydial disease’ is the more appropriate terminology.
A Short History of C. trachomatis
Those with interest in chlamydiae and its diseases will find that learning about the history of what has been discovered and theorized in the past provides an intriguing foreshadow of the complexity of the organism's biology and ensuing disease. A search of the literature reveals that chlamydiae were ‘discovered’ in 1907 but chlamydial disease had actually been known of for centuries before this. References to chlamydial-like diseases of the eye appear in ancient Egyptian and Chinese texts as early as 15 BC [ 1 ]. In 1907, the German dermatologist and radiologist Ludwig Halberstädter (1876-1949), who was reportedly one of a small number of Jewish dermatologists able to leave Nazi Germany after 1933, joined a research expedition to Java to study syphilis. It was on this expedition, in the city of Jakarta, that he joined the Austrian bacteriologist Stanislaus von Prowazek (1875-1915; fig. 1 ) in conducting experiments that led to the discovery of chlamydial cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the conjunctiva of the infected eye [ 3 ]. They named these newly found inclusions ‘Halberstädter-Prowazek bodies’ [ 4 ], a term which has perished from use, to the relief of many. A fascinating and enigmatic photograph taken of Halberstädter and Prowazek working with a blind man holding a baby orangutan makes us wonder whether the subject of experimentation was the man or the orangutan ( fig. 2 ).
Chlamydiae were named for the word chlamys, the ancient Greek term for the short cloak worn by Greek military men draped around their upper shoulders and secured with a brooch on the right shoulder ( fig. 3 ). It is believed that the chlamydiae were named thus because the intracytoplasmic inclusions formed by this agent inside host cells cluster around (are ‘draped’ around) the nu