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Trailblazing Women! , livre ebook

Visible Ink Press - Deborah G. Felder

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258 pages

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Impressive! Innovative! Influential! Discover and celebrate the amazing stories and achievements of 120 of America’s most inspiring women!

Women have accomplished incredible things throughout American history. They’ve made and changed history. They've contributed revolutionary new ideas and moved science forward. Their inventions, businesses, literature, art, and activism helped build the nation. They've succeeded in a whole host of professions, including media, medicine, politics, government, education, sports, and the military. Trailblazing Women! Amazing Americans Who Made History shines a welcome light on some of America's most remarkable women and their enduring stories and amazing accomplishments.

This fun and fascinating read covers the long history of America's heroic women. It brings you the biographies of some of America's boldest and bravest. Read about obstacles they overcame and how they flourished. It covers the lasting legacies of well-known and lesser-known stars, including ...

As a young child, she sang solos and duets with her Aunt Mary at the Union Baptist Church and by the age of 6 was earning money singing at local functions throughout her hometown of Philadelphia. (Marian Anderson (1897–1993), Singer)

She made headlines when she became the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in the science of geology from the elite Baltimore research university, Johns Hopkins. (Florence Bascom (1862–1945), Geologist)

She said about the “me too” movement she founded: “When one person says, ‘Yeah, me, too,’ it gives permission for others to open up.” (Tarana Burke (1973–), Civil Rights Activist)

The nation’s first four-star woman general has a long family history of U.S. military service—going back five generations. (Ann E. Dunwoody (1953–), Army Officer)

When this celebrated U.S. Supreme Court justice served on the high court with Justice Sandra Day O’Connor as one of only two women justices, she and O’Connor decided to wear special collars on decision days to carve out their visual space in a sea of black robes and ties. (Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933–2020), Attorney, U.S. Supreme Court Justice)

She made many discoveries in physics, but the most important was identifying the “magic numbers” that make protons or neutrons stable within an atomic nucleus. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for her work. (Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972), Physicist)

A soccer icon who was the first woman inducted into the World Football Hall of Fame, she started playing the sport at the age of two, while her family was living in Italy. (Mia Hamm (1972–), Soccer Player)

Her first name means “lotus” in the Sanskrit language, and her name, Devi, means “goddess.” (Kamala Harris (1964–), Vice President of the United States of America)

She coined the term “bug” to describe computer errors after she found a moth inside one of her team’s computers. (Grace Hopper (1906–1992), Computer Scientist, Navy Rear Admiral)

An acclaimed architect and artist best known for designing Washington, D.C.’s Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Lin once said, “I try to give people a different way of looking at their surroundings. That’s art to me.” (Maya Lin (1959–), Architect)

When this former first lady was growing up, she was a great athlete, but she didn’t like playing competitive sports. The reason, her big brother said, was that “she hated losing.” (Michelle Obama (1964–), Attorney, First Lady)

A Cuban American and the first Latinx elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, she delivered a Spanish version of the Republican rebuttal to President Barack Obama’s State of the Union Address in 2014. (Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (1952–), Congresswoman)

This acclaimed prima ballerina was the daughter of an Osage Indian father and a white mother. The Osage people gave her the name Wa-Xthe-Thomba, meaning “Woman of Two Worlds.” (Maria Tallchief (1925–2013), Ballet Dancer)

A labor leader and educator, she is the current president of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), the former president of the United Federation of Teachers (UFT), and she became the first openly gay individual to be elected president of a national American labor union. (Randi Weingarten (1957–), Educator, Labor Leader)

This mathematician is the hidden hero behind the development of GPS apps on cell phones. (Gladys West (1930–), Mathematician)

And many more.

America has had more than its share of amazing women. The influence, inspiration, and impact of women on U.S. society and culture cannot be ignored. Explore the vital roles and vibrant experiences of some of the most impressive women in American history with Trailblazing Women! Amazing Americans Who Made History. It brings to light all there is to admire and discover about these extraordinary women.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896)

Novelist

The author of the most read and most controversial novel of the nineteenth century, Harriet Beecher Stowe produced in Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) the first great American literary phenomenon: only the Bible sold more copies in nineteenth-century America, and the novel became the first American work of literature that achieved worldwide cultural saturation. It is the first great social purpose or political novel in America that served to coalesce (and polarize) attitudes toward race that could be considered a contributing factor in the outbreak of the American Civil War. Few writers, either male or female, have ever been as forceful or as influential as Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Stowe was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, the daughter of Lyman Beecher, one of the best-known clergymen of his day. She attended the Hartford Female Seminary, run by her older sister Catherine, where she received an education in the classics, languages, and mathematics, subjects usually reserved for male students. In 1832, she joined her father, who had become the president of Cincinnati’s Lane Theological Seminary. There, she met Calvin Ellis Stowe, a widower and professor at the seminary. They married in 1836 and raised seven children together. It was across the border in Kentucky that Stowe would view the impact of slavery directly. She also listened to the stories of the fugitive slaves who sheltered at the Stowe home after escaping to the North on the Underground Railroad.
In 1850, Stowe moved with her family to Brunswick, Maine, where her husband was teaching at Bowdoin College. When the U.S. Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law mandating the return of escaped slaves in the North, Stowe became determined to write a story about the problem of slavery, stating, “I feel now that the time is come when even a woman or a child who can speak a word for freedom and humanity is bound to speak … I hope every woman who can write will not be silent.” The first installment of Uncle Tom’s Cabin appeared in serial form in The National Era newspaper from June 1851 to April 1852 and in book form in March 1852. In less than a year, the novel had sold an unprecedented three hundred thousand copies. Stowe’s ability to dramatize the emotional and physical effects of slavery on individuals, so much more effective than any previous abolitionist tract, electrified readers, exciting great adulation in the North and virulent attack in the South as well as praise from around the world. Thomas Macaulay in England declared her novel “the most valuable addition America has made to English literature.” Tolstoy considered it the highest achievement ever of moral art. Dramatizations, without Stowe’s authorization, flooded the stage, and it has been estimated that between 1853 and 1930, it never ceased to be performed.

Stowe answered critics who charged her with exaggeration and invention of the plight of her characters in A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1853), which documented the abuses she had dramatized. Stowe would take up the cause of slavery again in Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856) before retreating from overtly political subjects in novels that drew on her memories of childhood in New England, including The Minister’s Wooing (1859), The Pearl of Orr’s Island (1862), and Old Town Folks (1869). She would continue to publish novels, stories, articles, and essays into the 1890s.

Amy Tan (1952–)

Essayist, Novelist, Short Story Author

A novelist, short-story writer, and essayist, Amy Tan is a critically acclaimed and widely read contemporary chronicler of the Chinese American experience, particularly the lives and conflicts of women, which she explored in her best-selling novel The Joy Luck Club (1989).
Born and raised in Oakland, California, Tan was expected to become a physician by her Chinese-born parents. Tan majored in English at San Jose State in California, and, after graduate work at the University of California–Berkeley, she began her career as a technical writer. She turned to fiction as a distraction from the demands of her work, inspired from reading Louise Erdrich’s novel of Native American family life, Love Medicine.

Tan’s hobby resulted in The Joy Luck Club, which linked stories told by four Chinese, immigrant women and their four American-born daughters, who struggle to bridge the generational and cultural gap. The novel stayed on the New York Times best-seller list for nine months. One reviewer observed that the book “is that rare find, a first novel that you keep thinking about, keep telling your friends about long after you’ve finished reading it.” In 1993, Tan coauthored the screenplay for the film version, the first major movie to treat the Chinese American experience. Tan’s follow-up, The Kitchen God’s Wife (1991), concerns a daughter who learns of her mother’s Chinese past. The Hundred Secret Senses (1995) focuses on the relationship between two sisters. Tan’s fourth novel, The Bonesetter’s Daughter (2001), returns to the theme of the cultural clash between a Chinese mother and her American-born daughter. Saving Fish from Drowning (2005) examines American tourists visiting China and Burma, while The Valley of Amazement (2013) returns to mother–daughter relations set among the courtesans of Shanghai in the early twentieth century. In 2017, Tan published Where the Past Begins, a memoir that recounts her childhood, her relationship with her mother, and her evolution as a writer.

Tan’s achievement over a productive career has been to demonstrate the power exerted by cultural heritage and the search for some kind of constructive synthesis between the past and the present, between generations, and between languages as well as the roles that can limit us but can adapt to suit experience.
Introduction

Acknowledgments

Heroic Women Bibliographies

Jane Addams, Madeleine Albright, Louisa May Alcott, Hattie Elizabeth Alexander, Marian Anderson, Maya Angelou, Susan B. Anthony, Dorothy Arzner, Lucille Ball, Clara Barton, Florence Bascom, Mary McLeod Bethune, Margaret Bourke-White, Ruby Bridges, Gwendolyn Brooks, Pearl S. Buck, Tarana Burke, Rachel Carson, Mary Cassatt, Julia Child, Shirley Chisholm, Hillary Clinton, Jacqueline Cochran, Joan Ganz Cooney, Anna Julia Cooper, Barbara Corcoran, Angela Davis, Agnes de Mille, Katherine Dunham, Ann E. Dunwoody, Amelia Earhart, Gertrude Elion, Peggy Fleming, Betty Friedan, Margaret Fuller, Althea Gibson, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Martha Graham, Temple Grandin, Carol W. Greider, Fannie Lou Hamer, Alice Hamilton, Mia Hamm, Kamala Harris, Katharine Hepburn, Billie Holiday, bel hooks, Grace Hopper, Dolores Huerta, Arianna Huffington, Zora Neale Hurston, Shirley Ann Jackson, Mae Carol Jemison, Gish Jen, Katherine Johnson, Lois Mailou Jones, Mary Harris “Mother” Jones, Barbara Jordan, Helen Keller (and Anne Sullivan), Billie Jean King, Coretta Scott King, Maxine Hong Kingston, Juanita Morris Kreps, Emma Lazarus, Maya Lin, Eleanor Josephine MacDonald, Dolley Madison, Claire McCardell, Barbara McClintock, Margaret Mead, Maria Mitchell, Toni Morrison, Carry Nation, Michelle Obama, Sandra Day O’Connor, Georgia O’Keeffe, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Rosa Parks, Nancy Pelosi, Frances Perkins, Jeannette Rankin, Janet Reno, Mary Lou Retton, Condoleezza Rice, Sally Ride, Eleanor Roosevelt, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Susanna Rowson, Wilma Rudolph, Florence Sabin, Sacagawea, Deborah Sampson, Margaret Sanger, Bessie Smith, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Gloria Steinem, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Maria Tallchief, Amy Tan, Ida M. Tarbell, Mary Church Terrell, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Karen Uhlenbeck, Madame C. J. Walker, Barbara Walters, Randi Weingarten, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Gladys West, Phillis Wheatley, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Oprah Winfrey, Sarah Winnemucca, Susan Wojcicki, Victoria Woodhull, Chien-Shiung Wu, Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, Kristi Yamaguchi, and Babe Didrikson Zaharias

Bibliography

Sujets

Young Adult Nonfiction

Social Themes

Histoire

Women

Reference

General officer

Woman

The Women

General

United States

History

Informations

Publié par	Visible Ink Press
Date de parution	01 mars 2021
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781578597574
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	4 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0750€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Deborah G. Felder is a graduate of Bard College, where she studied drama and literature. She worked as an editor at Scholastic, Inc., and has been a freelance writer and editor for over thirty years. The author of more than twenty publications, including fiction and nonfiction books and articles for middle grade, young adult, and adult readers, she has published such titles as The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time: A Ranking Past and Present; A Century of Women: The Most Influential Events in Twentieth-Century Women s History ; and A Bookshelf of Our Own: Works That Changed Women s Lives. She has also written book reviews for the New York Times Book Review, Kirkus Reviews , and Publishers Weekly . She resides with her husband, Daniel Burt, in South Chatham, Massachusetts.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Jane Addams
Madeleine Albright
Louisa May Alcott
Hattie Elizabeth Alexander
Marian Anderson
Maya Angelou
Susan B. Anthony
Dorothy Arzner
Lucille Ball
Clara Barton
Florence Bascom
Mary McLeon Bethune
Margaret Bourke-White
Ruby Bridges
Gwendolyn Brooks
Pearl S. Buck
Tarana Burke
Rachel Carson
Mary Cassatt
Julia Child
Shirley Chisholm
Hillary Clinton
Jacqueline Cochran
Joan Ganz Cooney
Anna Julia Cooper
Barbara Corcoran
Angela Davis
Agnes de Mille
Katherine Dunham
Ann E. Dunwoody
Amelia Earhart
Gertrude Elion
Peggy Fleming
Betty Friedan
Margaret Fuller
Althea Gibson
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Martha Graham
Temple Grandin
Carol W. Greider
Fannie Lou Hamer
Alice Hamilton
Mia Hamm
Kamala Harris
Katherine Hepburn
Billie Holiday
bell hooks
Grace Hopper
Dolores Huerta
Ariana Huffington
Zora Neale Hurston
Shirley Ann Jackson
Mae Carol Jemison
Gish Jen
Katherine Johnson
Lois Mailou Jones
Mary Harris Mother Jones
Barbara Jordan
Hellen Keller (and Anne Sullivan)
Billie Jean King
Coretta Scott King
Maxine Hong Kingston
Juanita Morris Kreps
Emma Lazarus
Maya Lin
Eleanor Josephine MacDonald
Dolley Madison
Claire McCardell
Barbara McClintock
Margaret Mead
Maria Mitchell
Toni Morrison
Carry Nation
Michelle Obama
Sandra Day O Connor
Georgia O Keeffe
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
Rosa Parks
Nancy Pelosi
Frances Perkins
Jeannette Rankin
Janet Reno
Mary Lou Retton
Condoleezza Rice
Sally Ride
Eleanor Roosevelt
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
Susanna Rowson
Wilma Rudolph
Florence Sabin
Sacagawea
Deborah Sampson
Margaret Sanger
Bessie Smith
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Gloria Steinem
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Maria Tallchief
Amy Tan
Ida M. Tarbell
Mary Church Terrell
Sojourner Truth
Harriet Tubman
Karen Uhlenbeck
Madame C. J. Walker
Barbara Walters
Randi Weingarten
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Gladys West
Phyllis Wheatley
Laura Ingalls Wilder
Oprah Winfrey
Sarah Winnemucca
Susan Wojcicki
Victoria Woodhull
Chien-Shiung Wu
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
Kristi Yamaguchi
Babe Didrikson Zaharias
Bibliography
ALSO FROM VISIBLE INK PRESS
Black Firsts: 500 Years of Trailblazing Achievements and Ground-Breaking Events , 4th edition
by Jessie Carney Smith, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-688-1
Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience
by Jessie Carney Smith, Ph.D. and Linda T. Wynn
ISBN: 978-1-57859-192-3
The Handy African American History Answer Book
by Jessie Carney Smith, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-452-8
The Handy American History Answer Book
by David L. Hudson, Jr.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-471-9
The Handy History Answer Book , 4th edition
by Stephen A. Werner, Ph.D.
ISBN: 978-1-57859-680-5
The Handy Literature Answer Book: An Engaging Guide to Unraveling Symbols, Signs and Meanings in Great Works
by Daniel S. Burt, Ph.D., and Deborah G. Felder
ISBN: 978-1-57859-635-5
Native American Almanac: More Than 50,000 Years of the Cultures and Histories of Indigenous Peoples
by Yvonne Wakim Dennis, Arlene Hirschfelder and Shannon Rothenberger Flynn
ISBN: 978-1-57859-507-5
Native American Landmarks and Festivals: A Traveler s Guide to Indigenous United States and Canada
by Yvonne Wakim Dennis and Arlene Hirschfelder
ISBN: 978-1-57859-641-6
PHOTO SOURCES
American Federation of Government Employees: p. 221 . / Associated Publishers, Inc.: p. 9 . / George Bergman: p. 215 . / Mathew Brady: p. 237 . / Bureau of Industrial Service: p. 25 . / Camera Craft Studios: p. 21 . / Carl Van Vechten Photographs, Library of Congress: pp. 23 , 157 . / Clifton Waller Barrett Library of American Literature, University of Virginia: p. 181 . / Collection of the National Museum of African American History and Culture, Library of Congress: p. 213 . / Columbia GSAPP: p. 55 . / Columbia University: p. 7 . / Dance Magazine: p. 203 . / Dutch National Archives (Nationaal Archief): pp. 31 , 183 . / The Frick Collection/Frick Art Reference Library Archives: p. 37 . / George Grantham Bain collection, Library of Congress: p. 167 . / Lynn Gilbert: pp. 39 , 49 , 57 . / Jay Godwin: p. 103 . / GSK Heritage Archives: p. 65 . / John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum: p. 159 . / Steve Jurvetson: p. 83 . / Jeff Kern: p. 91 . / J. D. Lasica: p. 27 . / Kolumn Magazine: p. 29 . / Library of Congress: pp. 1 , 41 , 87 , 97 , 119 , 165 , 177 , 193 , 195 , 209 . / Los Angeles Times: p. 123 . / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer: p. 95 . / Metropolitan Museum of Art: p. 227 . / Montana State Capitol: p. 187 . / Montikamoss (Wikicommons): p. 99 . / NASA: pp. 111 , 175 . / National Archives at College Park: p. 117 . / National Institutes of Health: p. 89 . / National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress: p. 207 . / National Portrait Gallery: pp. 73 , 151 , 211 . / New York World-Telegram: pp. 59 , 69 , 75 , 107 . / Schlesinger Library, RIAS, Harvard University: p. 161 . / David Shankbone: pp. 105 , 129 . / Shutterstock: pp. 3 , 33 , 43 , 53 , 67 , 77 , 93 , 115 , 125 , 149 , 153 , 155 , 163 , 173 , 197 , 205 , 219 , 231 , 243 . / John Mathew Smith www.celebrity-photos.com : p. 127 . / Smithsonian Istitution: pp. 47 , 143 , 145 , 185 , 239 . / Sharon Styer: p. 135 . / TechCrunch (Wikicommons): p. 235 . / Time, Inc.: p. 141 . / Kyle Tsui: p. 11 . / Underwood Underwood: pp. 63 , 191 . / U.S. Air Force Space Command: p. 225 . / U.S. Army: pp. 19 , 61 . / U.S. Congress: pp. 121 , 179 . / U.S. Department of Commerce: p. 131 . / U.S. Department of Energy: p. 79 . / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: p. 171 . / U.S. Department of Justice: p. 169 . / U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: p. 35 . / U.S. National Library of Medicine: p. 241 . / U.S. Navy: p. 101 . / Romana Vysatova: p. 113 . / Keith Weller: p. 85 . / World Economic Forum: p. 109 . / Public domain: pp. 5 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 51 , 81 , 133 , 137 , 139 , 147 , 189 , 201 , 217 , 223 , 229 , 233 , 245 .
INTRODUCTION
F amed women s rights activist and suffragist Susan B. Anthony once advised women to Forget what the world will say; think your best thoughts, speak your best words, work your best works, looking to your own consciences for approval. Here are the inspiring stories of extraordinary American women from colonial times to the present whose impressive achievements illustrate Susan B. Anthony s wise words.
Many of the women in this book are so famous it s no surprise to find them here; many others you ll discover for the first time. Their lives and accomplishments are unique and diverse, but they all share one thing in common: they challenged American society s traditional, frequently male-dominated notions of gender roles: what women could and should achieve and how they should behave once they succeeded in their chosen fields. Many faced such obstacles as poverty, racism, sexism, and illness while growing up and in their struggle to succeed, but they never wavered in their determination to reach their goals. They transformed their lives, and in turn they influenced the lives of countless others and had a major impact on the history of our nation.
Women have always fought for change, and sometimes the cost of that fight was high. Elizabeth Cady Stanton s insistence that the campaign for women s rights needed to include demands for a woman s right to vote was met with jeers and anger. Labor leader Mary Harris Jones was jailed for protesting business owners treatment of their workers; birth control activist Margaret Sanger suffered the same fate when she opened an illegal birth control clinic in 1916. Social worker Jane Addams, once the most admired woman in America, was despised and berated for advocating the cause of peace during World War I; southern civil rights leader Fannie Lou Hamer was the target of violence during the movement to end segregation in America.
The accomplishments of American women in every field of endeavor have been remarkable. Writers such as Toni Morrison and Amy Tan changed the way we look at women and the world. Activists Dolores Huerta and Wilma Mankiller worked to better conditions for Latinx and Native Americans in society and in the workplace. Education for African American girls became a reality, thanks to the efforts of educator Mary McLeod Bethune. Amelia Earhart, Jacqueline Cochran, and Sally Ride influenced young women to seek careers in aviation and space flight. The work of scientists Gertrude Elion, Rachel Carson, Grace Hopper, and Katherine Johnson transformed our understanding of disease, the environment, computers, and physics. Billie Jean King, Althea Gibson, and Wilma Rudolph defied racism and sexism to become world-class athletes.
These are just some of the many amazing women whose stories are featured in this book. They reflect the words of celebrated Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who once said: Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time. The women in this book did just that: They took one step, then another. and another, continuing to persist until their outstanding achievemen