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Cornell University Press - Duncan McCargo

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264 pages

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Since January 2004, a violent separatist insurgency has raged in southern Thailand, resulting in more than three thousand deaths. Though largely unnoticed outside Southeast Asia, the rebellion in Pattani and neighboring provinces and the Thai government's harsh crackdown have resulted in a full-scale crisis. Tearing Apart the Land by Duncan McCargo, one of the world's leading scholars of contemporary Thai politics, is the first fieldwork-based book about this conflict. Drawing on his extensive knowledge of the region, hundreds of interviews conducted during a year's research in the troubled area, and unpublished Thai-language sources that range from anonymous leaflets to confessions extracted by Thai security forces, McCargo locates the roots of the conflict in the context of the troubled power relations between Bangkok and the Muslim-majority "deep South."McCargo describes how Bangkok tried to establish legitimacy by co-opting local religious and political elites. This successful strategy was upset when Thaksin Shinawatra became prime minister in 2001 and set out to reorganize power in the region. Before Thaksin was overthrown in a 2006 military coup, his repressive policies had exposed the precariousness of the Bangkok government's influence. A rejuvenated militant movement had emerged, invoking Islamic rhetoric to challenge the authority of local leaders obedient to Bangkok.For readers interested in contemporary Southeast Asia, insurgency and counterinsurgency, Islam, politics, and questions of political violence, Tearing Apart the Land is a powerful account of the changing nature of Islam on the Malay peninsula, the legitimacy of the central Thai government and the failures of its security policy, the composition of the militant movement, and the conflict's disastrous impact on daily life in the deep South. Carefully distinguishing the uprising in southern Thailand from other Muslim rebellions, McCargo suggests that the conflict can be ended only if a more participatory mode of governance is adopted in the region.

Sujets

Histoire

Revolutions

Tailandia

Islamic studies

Thailand

Southeast Asia

Revolution

History of Asia

Islam

Thaïlande

Informations

Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	15 juillet 2012
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780801463624
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	4 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,7500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Tearing Apart the Land

ISLAM AND LEGITIMACY IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

Duncan McCargo

Cornell University Press Ithaca and London

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2008 by Cornell University Press

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

McCargo, Duncan. Tearing apart the land : Islam and legitimacy in Southern Thailand / Duncan McCargo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–8014–4527–9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Thailand, Southern—Politics and government. 2. Legitimacy of governments— Thailand, Southern. 3. Islam and politics—Thailand, Southern. 4. Political violence— Thailand, Southern. 5. Muslims—Thailand, Southern—Political activity. 6. Malays (Asian people)—Thailand, Southern—Politics and government. 7. Insurgency—Thailand, Southern. 8. Thailand—Politics and government—1988 I. Title. DS588.S68M34 2008 959.3—dc22 2008010483

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publish ing of its books. Such materials include vegetablebased, lowVOC inks and acidfree papers that are recycled, totally chlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

List of Illustrations Preface Abbreviations Timeline of Major Events

INTRODUCTION 1 ISLAM 2 POLITICS 3 SECURITY 4 MILITANTS CONCLUSION

Glossary Notes Index

vii ix xxi xxiii

134

183

191 193 229

Illustrations

1.1 Crowds of worshippers leaving Pattani Central Mosque24 1.2 MalayMuslim women at the historic KruZe Mosque, Pattani29 1.3 The ﬂamboyant former Narathiwat Islamic Council president, Abdul Rahman Abdul Shamad, astride a Vespa37 2.1 The Tohmeena family: (l to r) Pechdau, Den’s son, Den, and (seated) Den’s late wife Phatcharaporn67 2.2–2.3 Former Pattani MP and Wadah member Muk Sulaiman displays both Malay Muslim and Thai credentials on contrasting posters for the February 2005 election. He lost his seat75 2.4 One wing of bachelor exminister Wan Muhammad Nor Matha’s immense mansion on the outskirts of Yala town78 3.1 Thai soldiers on patrol in Narathiwat100 3.2 Arrests at Tak Bai, October 25, 2004110 4.1 Cars on ﬁre following an explosion at the Yala provincial hall154 4.2 Female protestors and children barricade Tanyong Limo village, Narathiwat, during a hostage siege, September 21, 2005. A poster accuses the Thai security forces of being the real terrorists166 4.3 Female students seated on the ground as Thai soldiers raid a Narathiwat pondok, July 2, 2007176

Preface

n June 2006, I sat in a Yala village chatting to four very ordinary youths I who had taken part in some extraordinary events. Early in the morning of April 28, 2004, these unassuming young men—in their late teens and early twenties—had been roused, made their morning prayers, and had been given some unusualtasting tea to drink. Carrying kitchen knives they had borrowed from home the previous evening, they set out on motor cycles in small groups. A trusted local Islamic teacher, Ustadz Soh, had told them to attack two nearby security installations and steal some weapons. They were never told what to do with the weapons, or where to meet after the attacks. Within a few minutes, their leaders and most of their group had been shot dead by armed Thai security personnel. These four had managed to escape; after surrendering to the authorities, they had now returned to relatively normal life in the village. They could give no con vincing explanation to why they had joined a war against the Thai state, a war they claimed they never understood. On that same day, 105 fellow “militants” perished in a series of simultaneous attacks, 32 of them when the Thai Army stormed the historic KruZe Mosque where they had taken refuge. Ustadz Soh disappeared without trace. A lowintensity civil war is still under way in Southern Thailand, a war about which there remain more questions than answers. Even those who have participated in the violence, like these youths, seem unable to account for it. A common but troubling reading of the Southern Thai conﬂict uses the tropes of “Islamic violence” and the global “war on terror” to frame the violence within larger notions of a civilizational clash between Islam and 1 the West. According to this perspective, popularized by terrorism special ists such as Rohan Gunaratne and Zachary Abuza, the Thai conﬂict forms

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