Summary of John E. Wills, Jr.'s 1688 , livre ebook

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41 pages

English

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Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.
Sample Book Insights:
#1 As the earth rotates, the light of the sun moves from the gray and pale blue of the Pacific onto the forests and fields of Japan and Luzon. In the seething energy and hard-won order of the streets of Edo, the great capital city of Japan’s hereditary military dictators, the heavy wooden gates of residential quarters are swung open.
#2 The world in a single year is an artificial construct. It is easier for us to travel to different parts of the world and communicate with each other via computer and telecommunications networks than it was for people in 1688.
#3 The world of 1688 was very different from ours. It was much quieter, with no electronic amplifiers or internal-combustion engines. Life expectancies were shorter because no one knew how to prevent the spread of infectious diseases or reduce the hazards of childbirth.
#4 I have tried to read the records against the grain, not to succumb to the prejudices of the writers. I have also tried to convey to my reader some of my astonishment at the voices I have heard.

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Publié par	Everest Media LLC
Date de parution	20 août 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9798350015911
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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Insights on John E. Wills and Jr.'s 1688
Contents Insights from Chapter 1 Insights from Chapter 2 Insights from Chapter 3 Insights from Chapter 4 Insights from Chapter 5 Insights from Chapter 6 Insights from Chapter 7 Insights from Chapter 8
Insights from Chapter 1

#1

As the earth rotates, the light of the sun moves from the gray and pale blue of the Pacific onto the forests and fields of Japan and Luzon. In the seething energy and hard-won order of the streets of Edo, the great capital city of Japan’s hereditary military dictators, the heavy wooden gates of residential quarters are swung open.

#2

The world in a single year is an artificial construct. It is easier for us to travel to different parts of the world and communicate with each other via computer and telecommunications networks than it was for people in 1688.

#3

The world of 1688 was very different from ours. It was much quieter, with no electronic amplifiers or internal-combustion engines. Life expectancies were shorter because no one knew how to prevent the spread of infectious diseases or reduce the hazards of childbirth.

#4

I have tried to read the records against the grain, not to succumb to the prejudices of the writers. I have also tried to convey to my reader some of my astonishment at the voices I have heard.

#5

The voices we hear when we read are a common but still mysterious experience in our literate cultures. They are often impersonal, but sometimes they are inseparable from singular individuals and their lives.

#6

The 1688 comet had a profound impact on people around the world. It was the first time many people had seen the intricacies and ironies of human nature, and they were able to give elegant accounts of the orbits of sun, moon, stars, and even comets.
Insights from Chapter 2

#1

The world of wooden ships included the Spanish galleons that carried silver across the Atlantic and the Pacific, and the complex commerce in slaves, gold, cloth, guns, and much more that linked West Africa with Europe and the Americas.

#2

The intensity of commerce connecting Europe, Africa, and America made the South Atlantic one of the best-known and most regularly crossed stretches of open ocean in 1688. It was two hundred years since the first projections westward of Spanish and Portuguese power, but no one could have imagined how those small beginnings would lead to the westward flow of willing emigrants and the eastward flow of treasure.

#3

On April 28, 1688, a long procession left Mexico City, crossed the lakes, and traveled through the small towns and farms of the plateau to the pass between the two volcanoes Iztaccihuatl and Popocatépetl. The farmers stopped their work to look at the procession.

#4

Mexico in the 1680s was a society of dramatic contradictions. The elegant viceregal court and the opulent ecclesiastical hierarchy looked toward Europe for style and ideas. The vast majority of the population sought to preserve as much as possible of the language, beliefs, and ways of life that had guided them before the coming of the Spaniards.

#5

Sor Juana was a Mexican creole woman who was born in 1651. She was taken into the household of a newly arrived viceroy, as his wife’s favorite and constant companion. She had no dowry, but she had learned to enjoy the attention and admiration of her cleverness.

#6

The rule of poverty among the Hieronymites was generally ignored. Sor Juana received many gifts, some of which were substantial enough to enable her to invest money at interest. She built up a library of about four thousand volumes and a small collection of scientific instruments, which she received from Sigüenza.

#7

Sor Juana’s friendship with the marchioness of Laguna, who arrived in Mexico in 1680, was one of the highest points in her life. She wrote many love poems for her, and several portraits have come down to us that show a very handsome woman gazing boldly at us.

#8

The Spanish empire in the Americas was controlled by a centralized system of nobles and lawyers. The Spanish-speaking population in 1688 included many modest people like Sor Juana’s rural relatives, who farmed, traded, and mined.

#9

In the 1600s, Europeans were fascinated by reports of the mountain of silver at Potosí, Bolivia, the main source of the stream of treasure from the New World that made the king of Spain immensely rich and powerful.

#10

The story of Doña Teresa is a prime example of how women were treated in medieval Spain. She was a young girl who was extremely beautiful, and two men tried to seduce her. But her parents kept her locked away, and when she tried to escape her fate, she was beaten and thrown into a chicken coop.

#11

The story of Doña Teresa and the Count de Fuensalida is a tale of the power of female beauty. It is a story of passionate whispers above narrow streets, and hairbreadth escapes across them.

#12

The city of Potosí, in Bolivia, was the site of the largest and richest deposits of silver. It was a Spanish city with well-planned plazas, churches, and a huge area devoted to fortified refining complexes. The city depended on an organized brutality, the mita system of forced Indian labor.

#13

The Sonora Desert is a barren wasteland, but it is also home to many different types of plants and animals. The people who lived in the Sonora Desert in 1688 called themselves Hohokam, and the Spaniards who began to move into the desert from the south called them Pima and their land the Pimería.

#14

Father Eusebio Francisco Kino was a Jesuit priest who spent his life ministering to the Pima people. He died in 1711 at the age of sixty-six, and is buried in modern Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, Mexico. He spent most of 1688 at the new mission establishment of Our Lady of the Sorrows, on a rocky point overlooking promising alluvial fields and the San Miguel River.

#15

Chino, the Italian priest, was sent to Mexico in 1681 to establish a mission there. He began to spell his name Kino, which was pronounced kino in Italian, but was pronounced chino in Spanish. The Pima people eventually accepted him as a healer.

#16

Kino worked tirelessly to plant more missions, always with the goal of spreading Christianity and European foods. He pushed the frontier of his empire north as far as San Xavier del Bac, about 130 miles north of Dolores, where a fine old church still stands.

#17

Manila in 1688 was a small Spanish city with a few crowded neighborhoods outside its walls, situated at sea level on the waterlogged plain between the inland Laguna de Bay and the excellent harbor of Manila Bay. The most important Spanish presence outside Manila was that of the great missionary orders, who had already made the Filipinos the only predominantly Christian people in Asia.

#18

The Spanish had dreamed of a pure Christian commonwealth at the end of the earth, but they had found themselves irrevocably dependent on the heathen Chinese for its maintenance. In 1686, the Spanish authorities sent a royal order to expel all non-Christian Chinese from Manila.

#19

The Kongo people, who were the first African kingdom to convert to Christianity, had a complex relationship with the Portuguese. They converted, but the kings did not want the delivery of slaves to be orderly, so they passed through slaves taken in wars beyond their borders.

#20

In the mid-seventeenth century, the Portuguese commanders at Luanda used ferocious African auxiliaries to spread slave raiding far inland. In 1656, one queen of a slave-raiding people made a treaty with the Portuguese admitting their traders and missionaries to her realm.

#21

The author of the letter refers to himself as Dom João Manoel Grilho, who treads on the lion in his mother’s belly. In Kongo culture, down to our own times, praise names are sources of power. They are conferred after long and exacting ceremonies.

#22

The Kongo Kingdom was a major source of slaves for Brazil. The Europeans in the 1680s were trying to understand the African culture and society around them, but they had little sympathy for it.

#23

The Europeans were able to sell cowries, metals, cloth, liquor, and gunpowder to the Africans. They bought some ivory for the European market and other goods to be sold in other African ports. The most important reason why the Europeans continued to suffer from the heat and disease was the demand for slaves in the Americas.

#24

The trade in African slaves to the European coast was different from the trade in African slaves to other Africans.