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106 pages

English

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Nine writers trace the public and private lives of nine sets of sisters. Artists, publishers, writers, educationalists, philanthropists, revolutionaries, suffragists - thinkers all. Independent women with hopes and ideals who overcame barriers, even within their own families, to their participation in public life. Their stories have often been overlooked by the mainstream historical record. These essays take readers on a journey through the centuries from the 1600s to the turbulent years of the independence struggle in 1900s Ireland and uncover the influence, support and rivalries of family. Nualaidh, Mire and Mairghrad DomhnaillAlice, Sara, Lettice, Joan, Katherine, Dorothy and Mary BoyleKatherine, Jane and Mary ConynghamDeborah, Margaret, Mary and Sarah ShackletonLady Sydney Morgan and Lady Olivia ClarkeAnna and Fanny ParnellConstance and Eva Gore-BoothSusan and Elizabeth YeatsHanna, Margaret, Mary and Kathleen Sheehy

Sujets

Histoire

Ireland

Stephen Ireland

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Publié par	Royal Irish Academy
Date de parution	20 août 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781911479543
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1150€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Sisters
NINE FAMILIES OF SISTERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE
Edited by Siobh n Fitzpatrick and Mary O Dowd
First published 2022 Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 ria.ie
Text the contributors 2022
ISBN 978-1-911479-83-3 (PB) 978-1-911479-99-4 (pdf ) 978-1-911479-54-3 (epub)
All rights reserved. The material in this publication is protected by copyright law. Except as may be permitted by law, no part of the material may be reproduced (including by storage in a retrieval system) or transmitted in any form or by any means; adapted; rented or lent without the written permission of the copyright owners or a licence permitting restricted copying in Ireland issued by the Irish Copyright Licensing Agency CLG, 63 Patrick Street, D n Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, A96 WF25.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyeditor: Neil Burkey Book design: Fidelma Slattery Index: Eileen O Neill Printed in Ireland by Walsh Colour Print
Cover illustration after Victor Brown, Cuala Press hand-coloured print no. 84 - Silver Apples . Courtesy of Dublin City Library and Archive. Illustration on title page and throughout is a detail taken from Elizabeth Corbet Yeats, Brush-work (London, 1896).
Royal Irish Academy is a member of Publishing Ireland, the Irish book publishers association.
5 4 3 2 1
A NOTE FROM THE PUBLISHER We want to try to offset the environmental impacts of carbon produced during the production of our books and journals. For the production of our books this year we will plant 45 trees with Easy Treesie.
The Easy Treesie - Crann Project organises children to plant trees. Crann - Trees for Ireland is a membership-based, non-profit, registered charity (CHY13698) uniting people with a love of trees. It was formed in 1986 by Jan Alexander, with the aim of Releafing Ireland . Its mission is to enhance the environment of Ireland through planting, promoting, protecting and increasing awareness about trees and woodlands.
In fond memory of Margaret MacCurtain (1929-2020)
Contents
Archival Abbreviations
Introduction
Nualaidh and her sisters, M ire and Mairghr ad: the daughters of Aodh Domhnaill and An Inghean Dubh
P DRAIG M ACH IN
Writing family and voicing the female: Alice, Sara, Lettice, Joan, Katherine, Dorothy and Mary Boyle, daughters of the earl of Cork
A NN -M ARIA W ALSH
Ties that endure : the lives and letters of three eighteenth-century Irish sisters, Katherine, Jane and Mary Conyngham
G AYE A SHFORD
The Shackleton sisters - Deborah, Margaret, Mary and Sarah - and the Society of Friends
M ARY O D OWD
More than kin and more than kind : the Owenson sisters, Lady Sydney Morgan and Lady Olivia Clarke
C LAIRE C ONNOLLY
We have found a better way, boys : Anna and Fanny Parnell
D IANE U RQUHART
Two girls in silk kimonos : Constance and Eva Gore-Booth, childhood and political development
S ONJA T IERNAN
Who will ever say again that poetry does not pay : Susan and Elizabeth Yeats and the Cuala Press
L UCY C OLLINS
A precious boon in difficult times: Hanna Sheehy Skeffington and her sisters, Margaret, Mary and Kathleen
M ARGARET W ARD
Bibliography
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Archival Abbreviations
BL British Library
CHT Chatsworth House Trust
IAA Irish Architectural Archive
KBR Koninklijke Bibliotheek van Belgie/Biblioth que
Royale de Belgique/Royal Library of Belgium
TNA National Archives, Kew
NAI National Archives Ireland
NLI National Library of Ireland
PRONI Public Record Office of Northern Ireland
RCB Library Representative Church Body Library
UCD-OFM University College Dublin-Order of Friars Minor
Editorial Note
The editors have distinguished between pagination or foliation in the case of manuscripts, and emphasised pagination as distinct from letter numeration in the Ashford-Jennings edition of Katherine Conolly s correspondence; as well as in all references to the National Folklore Collection, UCD and www.duchas.ie . The family trees in this volume reflect immediate family relationships only, including grandparentage (where known).
Introduction
The stories of the sisters included here extend over three hundred years, from the 1600s through to the 1900s. Despite the many changes in society during that time span, one characteristic remained constant: the importance of family in the formation of women s political or public activities. It is also striking how many of the women whose lives are documented here came from families in which a number of sisters were involved in the public world outside the home. Some siblings bonded in defiance of the social norms imposed by their families, while others grew up in households where the public engagement of daughters as well as sons was applauded and often expected.
In pre-democratic society, women in aristocratic families were often perceived as representatives of their wider kin network. This is clear, for example, in the manner in which the bardic poets wrote about Nualaidh, M ire and Mairghr ad N Dhomhnaill as they dealt with the consequences of the departure of the Ulster lords to the continent in 1607. As P draig Mach in tells us, the poets praised the women s family loyalty but also lamented their grief at the shattering of their lives with the destruction of Gaelic aristocratic power. In a later period - the eighteenth century - petitioners seeking political favours perceived Katherine Conolly as the means through which they could reach her husband William Conolly, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons (1715-29). Gaye Ashford describes how Katherine Conolly relished the political influence that she wielded as the wife of one of eighteenth-century Ireland s most prominent politicians.
In the nineteenth century, active engagement in public life could also be a family affair. Encouraged by their American mother, Anna and Fanny Parnell established the Ladies Land League, in order, as Diane Urquhart notes, to support the political campaign of their brother, Charles. Margaret Ward documents the political environment in which Hanna Sheehy Skeffington and her sisters grew up. Their aunt was a member of the Ladies Land League, while their uncles joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and their father, David Sheehy, was a member of parliament. Hanna remembered, as a child, visiting both her father and her uncle in prison. Ward also notes that a favourite game of the Sheehy children was Evictions and Emergency men , reflecting their awareness of the Land War agitation in which their father participated.
The involvement of Susan (Lily) and Elizabeth (known in the family as Lolly) Yeats in the Arts and Crafts Movement and their decision to establish the Dun Emer craft collective emerged from the artistic and literary world in which they had been raised. As Lucy Collins explains, the sisters brothers - poet William Butler and artist Jack Butler - were also centrally involved in the enterprise. The first book published by the new printing press was a collection of poems by William and, later, drawings by Jack were printed on broadsheets to boost the commercial viability of the business.
The family could also, of course, be a source of tension and conflict, and many of the studies presented here tell stories of the falling out of siblings and parents, often because the women endeavoured to widen their public role in defiance of the restraints imposed by society on women s lives. Urquhart traces the growing hostility of Charles Stewart Parnell and his political allies to the Ladies Land League, a dispute that led eventually to the disbandment of the League and a lifelong separation between sisters and brother. Constance and Eva Gore-Booth famously rejected the aristocratic society into which they were born, although, as Sonja Tiernan s analysis indicates, the philanthropic impulses of their parents had a stronger influence on their adult daughters activities than has been hitherto recognised. Elizabeth, Lily and William Yeats also argued over the direction of the Cuala Press, with Lily opposing what she perceived as her brother s undermining of her role as the sole director of the press. The Yeats sisters also found it difficult to live together, and Lily eventually succumbed to illness under the constant strain of living and working so closely with her sibling. The Quaker framework within which the Shackleton family conducted their lives gave women many opportunities for participating in the public world of meetings and travelling ministries. Richard Shackleton was proud of his daughter Mary s literary skills, but both he and his wife Elizabeth were concerned that she spent too much time on her writing and not enough on her spiritual life. Even in later life, Mary smarted at the memory of her mother s disapproval of her literary pursuits.
Throughout the long time period covered by the essays in the volume, the family remained the predominant location for the imposition of patriarchal values. Richard Boyle, 1st earl of Cork, exercised a controlling influence over his adult children, partly because he was the source of much of his extended family s wealth. Ann-Maria Walsh s careful reading of the Boyle sisters letters to their father reveals the tactics they used to work around his patriarchal assumptions. Almost three hundred years later, the woman-centred nature of the Sheehy household did not prevent David Sheehy from asserting his authority when he refused to welcome Hanna s husband to the family home because of the couple s decision not to baptise their son. David was also bitterly opposed to Kathleen s choice of agnostic Francis Cruise O Brien as her husband. This paternal opposition led to family divisions and the estrangement of father and daughters. However, as Ashford reminds us, women too could hold a dominating role in the family, as she describes Katherine Conolly s tendency to critique and give unsolicited advic