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This book begins at the turning point at which India attains independence from the British. Following the trauma of the Partition, the focus shifts to the making of the Constitution, the integration of the 565 princely states, and the setting up of the administrative, legislative and judiciary systems. This is the story of India s people and the making of our nation. Well researched and engaging, it is a contemporary history of India. It speaks of our art, culture, events and personalities that have shaped the country in recent times. Nuggets of fascinating information, attractive illustrations and detailed maps make the book a fantastic read. Ideal for students and young readers, this amazing reference guide helps to bring the past to life like never before. This is the companion volume to the bestselling The Puffin History of India: Volume1.

Sujets

Histoire

History of Asia

India

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Publié par	Penguin Books Ltd
Date de parution	15 février 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9789351186151
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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Roshen Dalal

THE PUFFIN HISTORY OF INDIA VOL. 2
Illustrations by Arun Pottirayil

PUFFIN BOOKS
Contents
About the Author
Dedication
A System of Numbers/Place Names
Introduction
1. Republic Day
2. Freedom at Last
3. Political Conditions: 1947
4. The Indian States
5. Integration
6. Partition-The Origins
7. Partition-The Reality
8. Administrative Division
9. Building a New Country
10. The First Eventful Year
11. The Spirit Will Survive
12. Towards a Republic: 1948-50
13. Integration-The Second Stage
14. A New Phase-The Constitution
15. The Government
16. The Parliament
17. The Union Executive
18. Government in the States
19. The Administrators
20. The Judiciary
21. The First Elections
22. The Main Events: 1950-57
23. The Main Events: 1957-62
24. Internal Development: 1947-64
25. Vinoba Bhave and Bhudan
26. Foreign Policy: 1947-64
27. Nehru s Last Years
28. Lal Bahadur Shastri: 1964-66
29. Indira Gandhi: The Early Years
30. Indira Takes Control
31. Bangladesh
32. The Centre and the States: 1966-75
33. Jayaprakash Narayan
34. The Emergency
35. Janata Government: 1977-79
36. Indira Gandhi: 1980-84
37. Internal Development: 1966-84
38. Foreign Policy: 1966-84
39. Rajiv Gandhi
40. Internal Development under Rajiv
41. Rajiv Gandhi-Foreign Policy
42. Minority Governments: 1989-90
43. Narasimha Rao: 1991-96
44. Foreign Policy: 1991-96
45. A New Government: 1996-98
46. The Bharatiya Janata Party
47. The National Democratic Alliance
48. The National Democratic Alliance Again
49. Foreign Policy after 1998
50. The UPA Government
51. The States
52. The People: 1947-2002
53. Economy and Development
54. Social Change
55. Art and Culture
56. The Future
Footnotes
Freedom at Last
Foreign Policy: 1966-84
Appendices
Read More
Follow Penguin
Copyright Page
PUFFIN BOOKS
THE PUFFIN HISTORY OF INDIA VOLUME 2
Roshen Dalal is the author of Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths, Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide, The Illustrated Timeline History of the World and the bestselling two-volume The Puffin History of India , as well as The Puffin History of the World, Vol. 1 . She has an MA and PhD in Ancient Indian History from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She has worked on various research projects, taught at school and university level, and written numerous articles and book reviews. She lives in Dehradun.
To my father Jamshed Dalal (1917-90)
India-Ancient, Eternal, Ever New
Some extracts from Jawaharlal Nehru s message to the press on 15 August 1947.
The appointed day has come - the day appointed by destiny - and India stands forth again, after long slumber and struggle, awake, vital, free and independent. The past clings on to us still in some measure and we have to do much before we redeem the pledges we have so often taken. Yet the turning point is past, and history begins anew for us, the history which we shall live and act and others will write about.
It is a fateful moment for us in India, for all Asia and for the world. A new star rises, the star of freedom in the East, a new hope comes into being, a vision long cherished, materializes. May the star never set and that hope never be betrayed!
We rejoice in that freedom, even though clouds surround us, and many of our people are sorrow-stricken and difficult problems encompass us. But freedom brings responsibilities and burdens and we have to face them in the spirit of a free and disciplined people.
The future beckons us. Whither do we go and what shall be our endeavour? To bring freedom and opportunity to the common man, to the peasants and workers of India; to fight and end poverty and ignorance and disease; to build up a prosperous, democratic and progressive nation, and to create social, economic and political institutions which will ensure justice and fullness of life to every man and woman.
To the nations and peoples of the world we send greetings and pledge ourselves to cooperate with them in furthering peace, freedom and democracy.
And to India, our much loved motherland, ancient, eternal, and ever-new, we pay our reverent homage and we bind ourselves afresh to her service.
A System of Numbers/Place Names
Numbers
1 lakh = 1,00,000
1 million = 1,000,000
1 crore = 1,00,00,000 (ten million)
Place names
Place names are continuously being changed. In this book new names are used when we are referring to a time after the change has taken place.
Some major old and new names are given here.
Old
New
Bombay
Mumbai
Calcutta
Kolkata
Cochin
Kochi
Madras
Chennai
Poona
Pune
Trivandrum
Thiruvananthapuram
Burma
Myanmar
Ceylon
Sri Lanka
Introduction
While most students are familiar with India s history up to Independence, they do not know much about the period after 1947. In this book I have tried to provide an outline of India s history, politics and economic and social development after Independence, in a clear and readable way.
I have consulted various sources, too many to list here, but among the main books are:
Bipan Chandra et al, India after Independence ; D.G. Tendulkar, Mahatma, Life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , 8 vols; Jawaharlal Nehru, Speeches , 5 vols; Patrick French, Liberty or Death: India s Journey to Independence and Division ; Durga Das, India from Curzon to Nehru and After ; S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, A Biography , vols 1-3; Jean Alphonse Bernard, From Raj to the Republic ; S.S. Gill, The Dynasty : A Political Biography of the Premier Ruling Family of Modern India ; V.P. Menon, Integration of the Indian States ; Penderel Moon, Divide and Quit ; Mushirul Hasan, India s Partition ; Alok Bhalla, ed., Stories about the Partition of India ; Urvashi Butalia, The Other Side of Silence ; B.N. Mullik, My Years with Nehru: The Chinese Betrayal ; C.P. Srivastava, Lal Bahadur Shastri ; Indira Gandhi, Speeches ; Inder Malhotra, Indira Gandhi, A Biography ; Rajiv Gandhi, Speeches ; Ranbir Vohra, The Making of India ; J.N. Dixit, India-Pakistan in War and Peace ; Prakash Singh, Kohima to Kashmir ; Paul R. Brass, The Politics of India since Independence ; C.P. Bhambhri, Indian Politics since Independence, 2 vols; V.P. Dutt, India s Foreign Policy; D.D. Basu, Introduction to the Constitution of India.
Newspapers and magazines consulted include The Hindustan Times, The Times of India, The Hindu, India Today, Outlook and Frontline. I have also consulted official web sites of government departments and political parties.
Statistics and details on development vary in different sources; I have mainly used the reference annuals of the Publications Division of the Government of India, beginning with India 1953 , up to India 2003 ; the Tata Statistical Outline ; the 1991 and 2001 census; and the USA Statistical Abstracts.
I would like to thank the people who have contributed to this book in various ways.
Paul Vinay Kumar of Penguin India urged me to write this book for several years until I agreed. Nandini Mehta read through the manuscript and provided valuable suggestions and advice; my mother Nergis Dalal improved the language and expression; many of my friends helped with information and sources, particularly Ardeshir Dalal, Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, Chanda Rani Akhouri, Ela Trivedi, Kapil Malhotra, Novy Kapadia, Rita Vohra and Shahnaz Arni; Udayan Mitra of Penguin India consistently and patiently provided encouragement and advice through the various stages of writing this book.
In addition I would like to thank the Jawaharlal Nehru University Library and the Indian Council of Historical Research Library, as well as Ajanta Guhathakurta for the cover and design, Arun Pottirayil for the illustrations and Shivanand for preparing the final maps.
1
Republic Day
On the 26th of January every year, we celebrate Republic Day. In New Delhi a grand parade is held. It begins with a short ceremony led by the prime minister, at Amar Jawan Jyoti (the light of the immortal soldier) at India Gate in memory of those soldiers who fought and died in defence of the country. The president of India then arrives, accompanied by troops of the President s Bodyguard, mounted on tall horses. A 21-gun salute is fired, the National Anthem is played, and the National Flag raised. Helicopters hover low overhead, flying flags and showering rose petals on those below, and the main parade starts. From Raisina Hill in front of Rashtrapati Bhavan, it crosses Rajpath and moves towards India Gate.
THE PARADE
Defence forces
First to come are the winners of gallantry awards, followed by troops on horses. Then there are displays of tanks, guns and missiles, after which are marching contingents of the army, with their bands. Navy and air force contingents follow, displaying models of ships and some aircraft. Next come marching columns of paramilitary and other forces. Behind them are the young cadets of the NCC (National Cadet Corps), marching as smartly as the senior troops. After this it s time for the cultural pageants.

The President s Bodyguard at the Republic Day parade
Cultural pageants
Tableaux are displayed, created by various states and union territories, as well as government departments and organizations. Some have themes of peace and harmony, while others show events from history, or depict ancient and medieval monuments. There are dancers in colourful costumes, and scenes of progress in agriculture and industry. Tableaux of science and technology reveal the latest developments. Each year, different tableaux are chosen.
The children
Then it s the turn of the children. Those who have won bravery awards move past in open jeeps (earlier on decorated elephants), and next are groups of school children presenting dances and other programmes.
Daredevils
The daredevil team of the Border Security Force follows, which performs incredible feats on motorcycles.
Fly past
Finally planes and jets of the air f