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Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe , livre ebook

Duke University Press - Richard Ned Lebow; Wulf Kansteiner; and Claudio Fogu; Ed.

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For sixty years, different groups in Europe have put forth interpretations of World War II and their respective countries' roles in it consistent with their own political and psychological needs. The conflict over the past has played out in diverse arenas, including film, memoirs, court cases, and textbooks. It has had profound implications for democratization and relations between neighboring countries. This collection provides a comparative case study of how memories of World War II have been constructed and revised in seven European nations: France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Italy, and the USSR (Russia). The contributors include scholars of history, literature, political science, psychology, and sociology. Country by country, they bring to the fore the specifics of each nation's postwar memories in essays commissioned especially for this volume. The use of similar analytical categories facilitates comparisons.An extensive introduction contains reflections on the significance of Europeans' memories of World War II and a conclusion provides an analysis of the implications of the contributors' findings for memory studies. These two pieces tease out some of the findings common to all seven countries: for instance, in each nation, the decade and a half between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s was the period of most profound change in the politics of memory. At the same time, the contributors demonstrate that Europeans understand World War II primarily through national frames of reference, which are surprisingly varied. Memories of the war have important ramifications for the democratization of Central and Eastern Europe and the consolidation of the European Union. This volume clarifies how those memories are formed and institutionalized.Contributors. Claudio Fogu, Richard J. Golsan, Wulf Kansteiner, Richard Ned Lebow, Regula Ludi, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, Heidemarie Uhl, Thomas C. Wolfe

Sujets

Histoire

World War II

History of Europe

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Publié par	Duke University Press
Date de parution	20 septembre 2006
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780822388333
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1548€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

t h e p o l i t i c s o f m e m o ry i n

p o s t wa r e u r o p e

The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe

ri chard ned lebow, wulf kanstei ner,

Duke University Press

and claudi o fogu, edi tors

Durham and London

2006

∫2006 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper$ Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Adobe Minion by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book.

t o c a r o l , s o n j a , a n d e l i s a

p r e fa c e

r i c h a r d n e d l e b o w The Memory of Politics in Postwar Europe 1

Contents

h e i d e m a r i e u h l From Victim Myth to Co-Responsibility Thesis: Nazi Rule, World War II, and the Holocaust in Austrian Memory 40

r i c h a r d j . g o l s a n The Legacy of World War II in France: Mapping the Discourses of Memory 73

w u l f k a n s t e i n e r Losing the War, Winning the Memory Battle: The Legacy of Nazism, World War II, and the Holocaust in the Federal Republic of Germany 102

c l au d i o f o g u Italiani brava gente: The Legacy of Fascist Historical Culture on Italian Politics of Memory 147

a n n a m a r i a o r l a - b u k o w s k a New Threads on an Old Loom: National Memory and Social Identity in Postwar and Post-Communist Poland 177

r e g u l a l u d i What Is So Special about Switzerland? Wartime Memory as a National Ideology in the Cold War Era 210

t h o m a s c . wo l f e Past as Present, Myth, or History? Discourses of Time and the Great Fatherland War 249

viii

c l au d i o f o g u a n d w u l f k a n s t e i n e r The Politics of Memory and the Poetics of History

b i b l i o g r a p h y

c o n t r i b u t o r s

i n d e x

Contents

357

311

355

284

Preface

Many developments in life are the result of fortuitous conﬂuences, and this project is one of them. In 1999 we, the three editors of this volume, came together under the same roof: the Mershon Center at Ohio State University. Ned was the center’s director, Claudio an assistant professor in the depart-ment of history, and Wulf a postdoctoral fellow. A number of lunchtime talks and dinners led to a commitment to produce a collection of essays on the memory of Nazism and the Holocaust in Europe; it would be unlike any other, exploiting recent research in disparate disciplines to open a channel of communication between historians working on collective memory and so-cial scientists studying the nature of individual and collective identities and processes of democratization. Our starting point would be a set of com-monly formulated research questions that would guide national case studies. We would bring all the participants together to discuss the questions and their cases. The case studies in turn would allow the editors to o√er general-izations of a substantive and theoretical nature. Our common interests in memory and identity both facilitated and hin-dered our collaboration. It prompted us to work toward the goal of a com-parative study that would explore the similarities and di√erences in how European countries had addressed their respective roles in World War II and what internal conﬂicts had arisen concerning these constructions of the past. Ned was particularly interested in the implications of this process for democratization and relations with neighbors. Claudio and Wulf wanted to use the ﬁndings to evaluate the ﬁeld of collective memory studies. All of us were keen to understand what light these conﬂicts shed on the relationship between memory and identity. We began with an exploration of what we meant by ‘‘memory’’ and ‘‘identity,’’ which quickly revealed a considerable gulf in how we framed these concepts and thought about making connec-tions between them. As we drafted our research agenda we succeeded in bridging some of our di√erences but also took advantage of the value of multiple perspectives. To proﬁt fully from this tension and to explore pos-sible ways of resolving it, at least in part, we asked Wulf to prepare an essay on memory as understood by historians and applied to World War II. On

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