Following the 1917 Mexican Revolution inhabitants of the states of Chihuahua and Michoacan received vast tracts of prime timberland as part of Mexico's land redistribution program. Although locals gained possession of the forests, the federal government retained management rights, which created conflict over subsequent decades among rural, often indigenous villages; government; and private timber companies about how best to manage the forests. Christopher R. Boyer examines this history in Political Landscapes, where he argues that the forests in Chihuahua and Michoacan became what he calls "political landscapes"-that is, geographies that become politicized by the interactions between opposing actors-through the effects of backroom deals, nepotism, and political negotiations. Understanding the historical dynamic of community forestry in Mexico is particularly critical for those interested in promoting community involvement in the use and conservation of forestlands around the world. Considering how rural and indigenous people have confronted, accepted, and modified the rationalizing projects of forest management foisted on them by a developmentalist state is crucial before community management is implemented elsewhere.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Boyer, Cristoper R. (Cristoper Robert) Political landscapes : forests, conservation, and community in Mexico / Cristoper R. Boyer. pages cm Includes bibliograpical references and index. ---- (ardcover : alk. paper) ---- (pbk. : alk. paper) ---- (e-book) . Community forests—Mexico. . Forest management—Mexico. . Forest policy— Mexico. . Forest ecology—Mexico. . Forest conservation—Mexico. . Forests and forestry— Mexico. I. Title. . .—dc
A ke kanaia este gringo. Iasï k’oru incakuati cartaruecani. isïku undasti trenini korokani isïku undasti ixujku jarani.
Juata k’eritu jikimi t’uyini lastima usïya sami. Xani sesi jaxeka Juata asula jimbokimi ia Santiago Islei sami kuadraritia
O, wat a scoundrel tat gringo is. Now te people of Picátaro will ave is train in teir town. He began by laying te rails and it looks like e plans to stay.
My poor little blue ill, I feel so sorry for you. I guess it’s too bad Santiago Slade liked you so muc.
—“A ke kanaia este gringo,” a Purépeca folk song (pirekua) from te late nineteent century
ILLUSTRATIONS xi
PREFACE xiii
CO N T E N T S
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii
INTRODUCTION
PART I. THE MAKING OF REVOLUTIONARY FORESTRY
. he Commodification of Nature, –
2.Revolution and Regulation, –
3.Revolutionary Forestry, –
PART II. THE DEVELOPMENT IMPERATIVE
4.Industrial Forests, –
5.he Ecology of Development, –
6.he Romance of State Forestry, –
CONCLUSION.Slivers of Hope in te Neoliberal Forest