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Indexed in Clarivate Analytics Book Citation Index (Web of Science Core Collection)
Figures and Tables

Acknowledgements

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Chapter 1 Introduction: South African Trade Unions in Apartheid and Democracy

Part 1 Organisational Agency in Union Bureaucracy and Politics

Chapter 2 Local Weaknesses Solved through Centralisation

Chapter 3 The Power of Head Office: Building National Bureaucracy

Chapter 4 Doing Union Politics: The Branches as Idealised Seat of Union Power

Chapter 5 The Regions as Antechambers of National Power

Part 2 Leading Mineworkers: A Charterist Leadership School

Chapter 6 The Burden of Leadership

Chapter 7 The Learning Organisation

Chapter 8 Trajectories of Union Leaders and NUM Leadership Ideals

Chapter 9 Taking Control of NUM: The Rise of the Communist Faction

Chapter 10 Conclusion: From Bureaucratic Organisation to Bureaucratic Politics

Index

Sujets

HISTORY

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Histoire

Movimiento sindical

África

General officer

Trade union

History of Africa

General

Africa

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Publié par	WITS University Press
Date de parution	01 décembre 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781776142064
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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ORGANISE OR DIE?
RAPHAËL BOTIVEAU
ORGANISE OR DIE?
Democracy and Leadership in South Africa’s National Union of Mineworkers

Published in South Africa by:
Wits University Press
1 Jan Smuts Avenue
Johannesburg, 2001

www.witspress.co.za

Copyright © Raphaël Botiveau 2017
Published edition © Wits University Press 2017
Map redrawn by Janet Alexander

First published 2017

978-1-77614-204-0 (print)
978-1-77614-206-4 (EPUB)
978-1-77614-205-7 (PDF)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher, except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act, Act 98 of 1978.
All images remain the property of the copyright holders. The publishers gratefully acknowledge the publishers, institutions and individuals referenced in captions for the use of images. Every effort has been made to locate the original copyright holders of the images reproduced here; please contact Wits University Press in case of any omissions or errors.

This book was published with the support of the Institut des mondes africains (CNRS/IRD/EHESS/EPHE/Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne/Université Aix-Marseille) and the French Institute of South Africa-Research (IFAS-Recherche). IFAS-Recherche was founded in 1995 in Johannesburg. Under the authority of the French ministry of foreign affairs and the CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), it promotes research in the humanities and social sciences about southern Africa and within this framework supports scientific cooperation.

Project manager: Inga Norenius
Copy editor: Inga Norenius
Proofreader: Lisa Compton
Indexer: Tessa Botha
Cover design: Fire and Lion
To Hélène and awaiting Alix, July 2017
CONTENTS
FIGURES AND TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1     Introduction: South African Trade Unions in Apartheid and Democracy
PART I              ORGANISATIONAL AGENCY IN UNION BUREAUCRACY AND POLITICS
CHAPTER 2     Local Weaknesses Solved through Centralisation
CHAPTER 3     The Power of Head Office: Building National Bureaucracy
CHAPTER 4     Doing Union Politics: The Branches as Idealised Seat of Union Power
CHAPTER 5     The Regions as Antechambers of National Power
PART II            LEADING MINEWORKERS: A CHARTERIST LEADERSHIP SCHOOL
CHAPTER 6     The Burden of Leadership
CHAPTER 7     The Learning Organisation
CHAPTER 8     Trajectories of Union Leaders and NUM Leadership Ideals
CHAPTER 9     Taking Control of NUM: The Rise of the Communist Faction
CHAPTER 10   Conclusion: From Bureaucratic Organisation to Bureaucratic Politics
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
FIGURES AND TABLES
CHAPTER 1
FIGURE 1.1      The workers’ voice in Parliament?
CHAPTER 2
FIGURE 2.1      Constitution of the National Union of Mineworkers, as amended by the 2009 national congress and approved by the Registrar of Labour Relations on 28 March 20
FIGURE 2.2      NUM recruitment poster, 1980s
FIGURE 2.3      Joint NUM–management safety march, October 2011
FIGURE 2.4      NUM strike poster, 1987
CHAPTER 3
FIGURE 3.1      NUM head office, 2011
FIGURE 3.2      Sithethi Mxhasi with the award for Rustenburg region, 2012
FIGURE 3.3      ‘Spontaneous abortion of democracy’ diagram, NUM 14th National Congress, 2012
FIGURE 3.4      Membership application form with stop order authorisation
CHAPTER 4
FIGURE 4.1      The union relies on its members, NUM constitution, 2002
FIGURE 4.2      Map showing Impala South hostels layout
FIGURE 4.3      Accommodation at Impala South hostels
FIGURE 4.4      Mass meeting, Impala South branch, 2011
FIGURE 4.5      Discussions between shaft stewards, branch meeting, NUM Impala Refineries branch, Springs, 2011
FIGURE 4.6      Taking minutes of the branch meeting, NUM Impala Refineries branch, Springs, 2011
CHAPTER 5
FIGURE 5.1      Jerry Ndamase, NUM’s Karee branch secretary, addresses shaft stewards at Lonmin Karee mine hostels, 2012
FIGURE 5.2      NUM Carletonville regional office, 2011
FIGURE 5.3      NUM membership from 1982 to 2017
FIGURE 5.4      Map of main active mining areas in South Africa
FIGURE 5.5      NUM Rustenburg regional conference, 2011
FIGURE 5.6      Impala delegates queue to cast their vote, Rustenburg regional conference, 2011
FIGURE 5.7      Thamsanqa Joko, PWV regional conference, 2011
FIGURE 5.8      Regional office bearers, Carletonville regional committee meeting, 2011
FIGURE 5.9      Branch office bearers, Carletonville regional committee meeting, 2011
TABLE 5.1        NUM top five national office bearers from 1982 to 2015
CHAPTER 6
FIGURE 6.1      NUM deputy president Pete Matosa addresses local leaders, Lonmin Karee branch, 2012
FIGURE 6.2      Rock drill operator at work, Impala Platinum mine, October 2011
FIGURE 6.3      The production target for October 2011, Impala Platinum mine shaft 1
FIGURE 6.4      The gallery leading to the stope to be mined in October 2011
FIGURE 6.5      Impala MinPro shaft committee office, October 2011
FIGURE 6.6      AngloGold Mponeng branch office, November 2011
CHAPTER 7
TABLE 7.1        JB Marks Education Trust Fund graduates, 1997–2011
CHAPTER 8
FIGURE 8.1      Ecliff Tantsi (standing) explains NUM demands to MRC management, 2011
FIGURE 8.2      Ecliff Tantsi reviews the NUM–MRC 2011–2013 wage and conditions of employment agreement with his team
FIGURE 8.3      NUM president Senzeni Zokwana addresses the 2011 Rustenburg regional conference
FIGURE 8.4      Buti Manamela receives Victor Allen’s trilogy from the hands of Eddie Majadibodu
CHAPTER 9
FIGURE 9.1      NUM flyer to Impala rock drill operators on strike, 2012
CHAPTER 10
FIGURE 10.1    ‘Slate’ in support of the outgoing national leadership, NUM 14th National Congress, 2012
FIGURE 10.2     NUM News , Congress Special, 26 May 2012
FIGURE 10.3    NUM 14th National Congress report-back rally, Savuka gold mine, 2012
FIGURE 10.4    Disabled union members at the rally, seated close to the stage
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I f I were to pick only one word to describe the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), one that I have heard many times in its ranks, it would be the word ‘humbling’, since my experience of the organisation has been a humbling one. Although many members brought an individual contribution to this research, I wish to thank them as part of the formidable collective of men and women that they have been building over the years. Organisation and political involvement certainly have their ups and downs but their contribution to the struggle for South Africa’s liberation is immense. I hope they will appreciate this book and, although I have tried my best to portray their union in their own words, I also hope they will forgive mistakes and inaccuracies that are likely to have slipped into this manuscript.
I also thank all those outside NUM, working in the labour movement, in civil society, in labour mediation or in mining, who agreed to talk to me and whose contribution to this work was crucial.
The research presented in this book was first released as part of a doctoral dissertation in political sociology (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne – La Sapienza Università di Roma). For their support and complementarity, I wish to thank my two supervisors, Richard Banégas – with whom I have had the pleasure to work since 2005 – and Claudio Pellegrini.
I am grateful to the French Institute of South Africa (IFAS, Johannesburg) for its superlative support, as well as the Institut des mondes africains (IMAF, Paris) which sponsored my research.
There are many other people that I must thank individually for their direct input into this work. I thank, in South Africa and the USA: Franco Barchiesi, Claire Bénit-Gbaffou, Andries Bezuidenhout, Luli Callinicos, Rudi Dicks, Kally Forrest, Dunbar Moodie, Noor Nieftagodien, Paul Stewart and Lucien van der Walt. In France, Italy and England, I wish to thank Alexander Beresford, Françoise Blum, Fadime Deli, Judith Hayem, Miles Larmer, Daniel Leblanc, Roger Meunier, Clarence Paul, Adriana Piga, Michel Pigenet, Fabrizio Pirro, Enrico Pugliese, Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle, Anna-Maria Romani, Johanna Siméant, Ian Simms and Isabelle Sommier.
Last but not least, I wish to thank the two reviewers who read my manuscript for Wits University Press, as well as Inga Norenius, who patiently and competently edited this book.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Abet
Adult Basic Education and Training
Amcu
Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union
ANC
African National Congress
BOB
branch office bearer
Bonume
Bophuthatswana National Union of Mining Employees
CCMA
Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration
Cosatu
Congress of South Africa Trade Unions
Cusa
Council of Unions of South Africa
EBMTC
Elijah Barayi Memorial Training Centre
EFF
Economic Freedom Fighters
Esop
Employee Share Ownership Programme
FET
Further Education and Training
Fosatu
Federation of South African Trade Unions
GS
General Secretary
IFP
Inkatha Freedom Party
ITU
International Typographical Union
MDA
Mineworkers Development Agency
MIC
Mineworkers Investment Company
MIT
Mineworkers Investment Trust
MRC
Murray & Roberts Cementation
MWPF
Mineworkers Provident Fund
NEC
national executive committee
NUM
National Union of Mineworkers
Numsa
National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa
PWV
Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeninging
RDO
rock drill operator
SACP
South African Communist Party
Sactu
South African Congress of Trade Unions
SALB
South African Labour Bulletin
SG
Secretary General
SWOP
Society, Work and Development Institute
Uasa
United Ass