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With Nobility Lost, Christian Ayne Crouch offers a radical reconsideration of the significance of the Seven Years' War for Atlantic history and memory. Deftly drawing on a sweeping range of archival and literary sources, she has crafted a compelling account of clashing martial cultures and in so doing, has reinterpreted the war's legacy in indigenous consciousness as well as its erasure from France's national and imperial narratives.-Sophie White, author of Wild Frenchmen and Frenchified IndiansNobility Lost is a cultural history of the Seven Years' War in French-claimed North America, focused on the meanings of wartime violence and the profound impact of the encounter between Canadian, Indian, and French cultures of war and diplomacy. This narrative highlights the relationship between events in France and events in America and frames them dialogically, as the actors themselves experienced them at the time. Christian Ayne Crouch examines how codes of martial valor were enacted and challenged by metropolitan and colonial leaders to consider how those acts affected French-Indian relations, the culture of French military elites, ideas of male valor, and the trajectory of French colonial enterprises afterwards, in the second half of the eighteenth century. At Versailles, the conflict pertaining to the means used to prosecute war in New France would result in political and cultural crises over what constituted legitimate violence in defense of the empire. These arguments helped frame the basis for the formal French cession of its North American claims to the British in the Treaty of Paris of 1763.While the French regular army, the troupes de terre (a late-arriving contingent to the conflict), framed warfare within highly ritualized contexts and performances of royal and personal honor that had evolved in Europe, the troupes de la marine (colonial forces with economic stakes in New France) fought to maintain colonial land and trade. A demographic disadvantage forced marines and Canadian colonial officials to accommodate Indian practices of gift giving and feasting in preparation for battle, adopt irregular methods of violence, and often work in cooperation with allied indigenous peoples, such as Abenakis, Hurons, and Nipissings.Drawing on Native and European perspectives, Crouch shows the period of the Seven Years' War to be one of decisive transformation for all American communities. Ultimately the augmented strife between metropolitan and colonial elites over the aims and means of warfare, Crouch argues, raised questions about the meaning and cost of empire not just in North America but in the French Atlantic and, later, resonated in France's approach to empire-building around the globe. The French government examined the cause of the colonial debacle in New France at a corruption trial in Paris (known as l'affaire du Canada), and assigned blame. Only colonial officers were tried, and even those who were acquitted found themselves shut out of participation in new imperial projects in the Caribbean and in the Pacific.By tracing the subsequent global circumnavigation of Louis Antoine de Bougainville, a decorated veteran of the French regulars, 17661769, Crouch shows how the lessons of New France were assimilated and new colonial enterprises were constructed based on a heightened jealousy of French honor and a corresponding fear of its loss in engagement with Native enemies and allies.

Sujets

Histoire

Military history

History of the Americas

History of Europe

Informations

Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	04 mars 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780801470394
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,7500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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c NOBILITY LOST

NOBILITY LOST

F RE NCH AND CANADI AN MART I AL f CULT URES, I NDI ANS, AND T HE E ND OF NE W F RANCE

C h r i s t i a n Ay n e C r o u c h

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca and London

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2014 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Crouch, Christian Ayne, 1977– author. Nobility lost : French and Canadian martial cultures, Indians, and the end of New France / Christian Ayne Crouch. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5244-4 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763—Campaigns—New France. 2. Anglo-French War, 1755–1763. 3. Canada—History—1755-1763. 4. France— History—Louis XV, 1715–1774. 5. Indians of North America—Wars—1750–1815. 6. War and society— New France—History—18th century. 7. War and society—France—History—18th century. I. Title.

F1030.9.C76 2014 940.2'534—dc23

2013034197

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

For Mom and Ababa

c Co nt e nts

Acknowledgments ix

Introduction: Glory beyond the Water 1. Onontio’s War, Louis XV’s Peace

2. Interpreting Landscapes of Violence

3. Culture Wars in the Woods

4. Assigning a Value to Valor

5. The Losing Face of France

6. Paradise Epilogue:Mon Frère Sauvage

Notes191 Index243

1 16 38 65 95 126 153 178

c A c k n o w l e d g m e nt s

Writing a book can be excruciating but it is a pleasure to write acknowledgments. It is here that I can state clearly how fortunate I am to be part of a supportive and wonderful community and what I owe all these individuals, as well as many others who are here un-mentioned, but to whom I also give thanks. My greatest intellectual debt goes to my graduate advisor at New York University, Karen Ordahl Kupperman. She is both the most impressive and the most generous historian I have ever met. There is no way to better ex-press what her support over these many years has meant to me other than to say, once more, that she is the historian I will always strive to be. I also wish to recognize the contributions made by each member of my dissertation committee, Lauren Benton, Manu Goswami, Walter Johnson, and John Shovlin. Their continued critiques and advice, in many cases years after I completed my dissertation, helped me to turn rough research into a book. Under the early tutelage of Cristina Mirkow, William A. P. Childs, and AndrewIsenberg,Ilearnedtolovebringingthepasttolife. Leaving the tight-knit community of graduate school is a daunting pros-pect and I have been lucky to ﬁnd mentors and intellectual guides in the years after NYU. I owe a special debt of thanks to James Merrell, who gen-erously read and commented on a large portion of this manuscript. Sophie Lemercier Goddard provided a wonderful French perspective; Wayne Lee always encouraged further cultural studies of war. At a Harvard Interna-tional Seminar on the History of the Atlantic World, organized by Bernard Bailyn and Patricia Denault, Fred Anderson offered a reading of my work-ing paper that completely transformed chapter 4 and set me off in a fresh, productive direction. I would never have come to see geography and land-scape in new ways had it not been for the work being done by Christine DeLucia and Cynthia Radding, who always made the time for great conversations. Research is the lifeblood of the historian and I am immensely grateful to the institutions that have provided me with funds, access to their rich

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Nobility Lost , livre ebook

Histoire

Military history

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History of Europe

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