Life and Times of the English Princes of Wales , livre ebook

Troubador Publishing Ltd - E Thomas Adrian

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

126 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

What do Henry Tudor, Edward of Woodstock, Edward VII and Prince Charles all have in common? They've all held the title The Prince of Wales. This book offers a colourful and interesting stroll through the history of the title and the men who've held it, as well as speculating about the future of the role. Containing a chronological list of all of The Princes of Wales, the book also provides the reader with a brief description of how they lived their lives, their relationship with their subjects and, if they became the ruling Monarch, an insight into the features that characterised their reign. Discover how the Princes of Wales of history have been involved with love, infidelity, hate, deception, war and even alleged conspiracy and murder! This is the first published book to look in depth at this important aspect of British Monarchy. It is illustrated throughout with black and white photographs and forms an invaluable addition to existing literature on British Royalty.

Sujets

History

History of Europe

Histoire

Informations

Publié par	Troubador Publishing Ltd
Date de parution	28 avril 2015
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781780885780
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0350€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

The Life and Times of The English Princes of Wales
Adrian E Thomas
Copyright Adrian Thomas 2015
Published by 8T Publishing 2015
All rights reserved.
The moral right of the author has been asserted.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 1780885 780
Book design by Adrian E Thomas
This book is dedicated to all my friends and family who have provided me with their love, endless support and most importantly their continued encouragement for me to believe in myself and follow the dream to reality.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EDWARD OF CAERNARFON
3. EDWARD OF WOODSTOCK
4. RICHARD OF BORDEAUX
5. HENRY OF MONMOUTH
6. EDWARD OF WESTMINSTER
7. EDWARD OF THE SANCTUARY
8. EDWARD OF MIDDLEHAM
9. ARTHUR OF WINCHESTER
10. HENRY TUDOR
11. HENRY OF STIRLING
12. CHARLES THE MARTYR
13. CHARLES THE MERRY MONARCH
14. JAMES III THE OLD PRETENDER
15. GEORGE AUGUSTUS OF HANOVER
16. FREDERICK OF HANOVER
17. MAD FARMER GEORGE
18. GEORGE IV PRINNY
19. EDWARD VII
20. GEORGE V THE SAILOR PRINCE
21. EDWARD VIII THE UNCROWNED KING
22. CHARLES WINDSOR
23. THE FUTURE FOR THE PRINCE OF WALES
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a chronological list of the holders of the title Prince of Wales from their English origin to the modern day.
The book is not intended to give a full biographical history on each of the Princes of Wales, but to provide the reader with a brief description of how they lived their lives, their relationship with their subjects and where they became the ruling Monarch an insight into the features that characterised their reign.
To begin our exploration of the English Princes of Wales it is important to understand how Wales has evolved in history. The Roman invasion of Britain, between 43- 47AD, saw most of Britain being occupied and during this time Wales was not one independent country but was divided into several smaller states, each with its own governor or ruler, with the most powerful Welsh ruler at any given time being known as King of the Britons.
It was not until the 13th century that the ancient King of the Britons title evolved into its current format of Prince of Wales . This new title was referred to in Latin, as Princeps Wallie , while in the native Welsh language it was known as Tywysog Cymru , with the literal translation of Tywysog meaning Leader ; (The verb tywys means to lead, which shares a common root with the modern Irish for Prime Minister, the Taoiseach). The newly created title was for the eldest son and male heir to the throne of the reigning Sovereign to possess. Unlike many English titles, there is no automatic succession and right of possession and as such at every vacancy, it becomes merged into the titles held by the Crown. It is for the reigning Sovereign to decide to renew or award the Prince of Wales titles.
The Principality of Wales and Earldom of Chester titles also are not an automatic right, so at each succession the reigning monarch has the option to recreate them. From the late 14th century to present day, these titles are only granted in conjunction with the appointment of the heir apparent as the Prince of Wales. Other titles on creation of the Prince of Wales are automatic but not hereditary and include the Dukedom of Cornwall, the Dukedom of Rothesay, Earldom of Carrick, and High Stewardship of Scotland. If the Prince of Wales predeceases the ruling monarch, the titles are permitted to be recreated and awarded to others under Royal prerogative.
Only a handful of native Princes have had their claim to be Prince of Wales recognized by the English Crown. The first known person to have used the title, Prince of Wales, was Owain Gwynedd, who finally adopted it around 1165 after using the earlier version of Rex Wallie (King of Wales). His grandson however, Llywelyn the Great, did not use the new title, using instead a different title Princeps Norwallie , (Lord of North Wales) but after 1230, he changed his title to Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdonia which was tantamount to a proclamation of authority over most of Wales. On his death in 1240, Llywelyn s titles were theoretically inherited by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn, though he is not known to have used them, reverting instead to the Prince of Wales title from around 1244. Llywelyn the Last (or Llywelyn ap Gruffydd) succeeded to the Welsh throne, in 1246 and used the style as early as 1258. In 1282, Llywelyn had been killed during Edward I of England s invasion of Wales and although his brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeded to the Welsh Princeship, issuing documents in his name as Prince, he was not recognised by the English Crown. On 30th September 1283, Dafydd ap Gruffudd, was captured and condemned to death, becoming the first person known to have been tried and executed in what became known as high treason. The death of Dafydd was slow and agonising, yet also historic for he became the first prominent person in recorded history to have been hung, drawn and quartered for plotting the King s death.
King Edward I continued to try to conquer and dominate Wales by subjecting the Welsh to English rule. Whenever he took control of areas he embarked on a large scale building programme by establishing a series of new towns such as Flint, Aberystwyth and Rhuddlan as well as building strategic castles at Conwy, Caernarfon, Beaumaris and Harlech. Unable to rule these new towns directly himself he appointed trusted Englishmen who administered both national and local rule in the King s name.
Prior to Edward becoming King in 1273, on the death of his older brother Henry, he and his wife, Eleanor of Castille, had already faced many sorrows, as their first-born daughter died shortly after birth in 1255. Tragedy followed in 1264 when another daughter, Katherine, died at the age of two. A further daughter, Joan, died in 1265 at seven months. Their son John was born in 1268 and at the time he was second in line to the throne as Edward had not yet become King, however in 1271 John died which left his younger brother Henry as second in line only for him to die in 1274, leaving no male heir to the throne. Edward and Eleanor continued to have children hoping for a royal heir, but premature deaths continued.
In 1272 whilst Edward and Eleanor were in Syria a daughter Joan was born, making her the first English Princess to be born outside of England and she lived for thirty five years till her death in 1307. In 1273 Edward and his wife had become King and Queen of England, so when Alphonso was born in the same year he became heir apparent. Another 3 daughters were born between 1276 and 1279 but only one survived and died in 1332. In 1282 a son is claimed to have been born but very little evidence exists to support this and their daughter Elizabeth was born in 1282 dying in 1316.
As the years passed the Welsh people and Edward I were becoming tired of the constant strain of battle and wanted to make peace. The Welsh people according to legend, asked the King to give them a Prince who could speak Welsh. The King responded by saying that he would give them a Prince who would be born in Wales and would not speak a word of English or French and that this birth would herald in a new dynasty of Princes of Wales. In 1283 carpenters were busy constructing and finishing off the chambers within Caernarfon castle in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, North-West Wales, which was intended for use by the new King and Queen. It was here on the 25 th April 1284 (the feast of St Mark s) that the fourth son of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile was born. Edward I presented the baby to the Welsh people claiming that he had fulfilled the promise of a welsh Prince who could not speak English and French which was relatively true but as a newborn baby he could not speak Welsh either. It has been stated that this story did not happen and that it is all based on legend however, it is an historical fact that Edward I was born in Caernarfon, therefore technically making him a Welshman by virtue of his place of birth. The King and Queen were so thankful for a new son that they celebrated by generously feeding the poor at his baptism, which took place on May 1 st , Mayday, which is also the Feast of St Philip St James. His elder brother Alfonso was considered healthy and arrangements were already in progress for his marriage to Margarete, daughter of Count Floris V of Holland but on the 19 th August 1284 Alfonso suddenly died, his untimely death was a terrible shock, to both his parents and the country alike as he was seen as their future King. This left the new baby Edward as heir apparent to the throne at the age of barely three months old.
Three further Welshmen, however, were to claim the title Prince of Wales before the end of the medieval era. The first was Madog ap Llywelyn, a member of the house of Gwynedd, who led a nationwide revolt in 1294-5, defeating English forces in battle near Denbigh and seizing Caernarfon castle. The revolt was finally suppressed after the Battle of Maes Moydog in March 1295, with the Prince being imprisoned in London. In the 1370s, Owain Lawgoch, an English-born descendant of one of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd s brothers, claimed the title of Prince of Wales, but was assassinated in France in 1378 before he could return to Wales to claim his inheritance. It is Owain Glyndwr, however, whom many Welsh people regard