Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State , livre ebook

Nebraska - Thompson Rand Jacki

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211 pages

English

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Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State illuminates the ways in which Kiowas on the southern plains dealt with the U.S. government’s efforts to control them after they were forced onto a reservation by an 1867 treaty. The overarching effects of colonial domination resembled those suffered by other Native groups at the time—a considerable loss of land and population decline, as well as a continual erosion of the Kiowas’ political, cultural, economic, and religious sovereignty and traditions. Although readily acknowledging these far-reaching consequences, Jacki Thompson Rand sees the root impact of colonialism and the concomitant Kiowa responses as centered less on policy disputes than on the disruptions to their daily life and to their humanity. Colonialism attacked the Kiowas on the most human, everyday level—through starvation, outbreaks of smallpox, emotional disorientation, and continual difficulties in securing clothing and shelter, and the Kiowas’ responses and counterassertions of sovereignty thus tended to focus on efforts to feed their people, sustain the physical community, and preserve psychic equilibrium.

Offering a fresh, original view of Native responses to colonialism, this study demonstrates amply that Native struggles against the encroachment of the state go well beyond armed resistance and political strategizing. Rand shows that the Native response was born of everyday survival and the yearning for well-being and community.

Sujets

États-Unis

History of the Americas

North America

Indigenous peoples

América del Norte

USA

Histoire

Informations

Publié par	Nebraska
Date de parution	01 mars 2008
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780803239715
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	8 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,2000€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State

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Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State

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Chapter 4 previously appeared in a different form as “Primary Sources: Indian Goods and the History of American Colonialism and the Nineteenth-Century Reservation,” inClearing a Path: Theorizing American Indian Studies, ed. Nancy Shoemaker (New York: Routledge, 2002).

Chapter 5 previously appeared in a different form as “The Subtle Art of Resistance: Encounter and Accommodation in the Art of Fort Marion,” with Edwin L. Wade, inPlains Indian Drawings, 1865–1938, Pages from a Visual History, ed. Catherine Berlo (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996).

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rand, Jacki Thompson. Kiowa humanity and the invasion of the state / Jacki Thompson Rand. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn-13: 978-0-8032-3966-1 (cloth: alk. paper) isbn-10: 0-8032-3966-1 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Kiowa philosophy. 2. Kiowa Indians—History. 3. Kiowa Indians—Government relations. 4. United States—Social policy. 5. United States— Race relations. 6. United States—Politics and government. I. Title. e99.k5r36 2008 323.1197073—dc22 2007033431

Set in Quadraat.

Contents

Acknowledgments

vii

K P I X \ M Z1. The American Problem1 K P I X \ M Z2. The Kiowa Scheme of Life11 K P I X \ M Z3. Values of the State and U.S. Indian Policy33 K P I X \ M Z4. Young Kiowa Men, Kiowa Social Values, and the Politics of Rations58 K P I X \ M Z5. Fictions of Nineteenth-Century American Assimilation Policy93 K P I X \ M Z6. Households of Humanity126 K P I X \ M Z7. Conclusion151 I X X M V L Q ` I: U.S. Indian Appropriations and Disbursements, 1860–1910157 I X X M V L Q ` J: Government Document Sources of Population Figures160

Notes161 Bibliography177 Index191

Illustrations

X P W \ W O Z I X P [ 1. Prisoners at Fort Marion95 2. Indian Council95 3. Indian Guard100 4. Untitled (Schoolroom at Fort Marion) by Wo-Haw103 5. Untitled (Indian between Two Cultures) by Wo-Haw104 6. Untitled (Sun Dance) by Wo-Haw106

U I X Kiowa Territory

xii

\I J T M Federal Annual Expenditures on Kiowa Indians, 1860–1910 (per capita)50

N Q O ] Z M Federal Appropriations on Kiowa Indians, 1867–1909 (per capita)54

Acknowledgments

Having completed the manuscript, I can look back and see the debt I have racked up over the years. This debt, unlike the national debt, sec-ond mortgages, and credit card debt, is the good kind, a consequence of better angels who have laughed with me in fabulous times and held me up when I was unable to do so alone. I extend my gratitude to nu-merous fellow travelers, many of whom fall into multiple categories— loyal friend, colleague, relative, intellectual and professional mentor, archivist, librarian, and Kiowa. Thus, the necessary sorting that fol-lows disguises these overlapping rich relationships. If I approach these acknowledgments as a journey, I would plot the way with the people who have appeared at just the right time. All things begin in Oklahoma. Thank you to my beloved women, Martha Skeeters, Kelly Lankford, Melissa Stockdale, Linda Reese, and Leanne Howe; to Aunt Rosalie Imotichey, Uncle Tony Byars, Aunt Christine Keel, all the cousins, Buster and Jerri Jefferson, and Charles Rand. Thank you to Robert Nye for his unwavering support and intellectual generosity when it was most needed. Thank you to Vanessa Paukeigope Jennings, the late Jacob Ahtone, the late Alice Littleman, Gus Palmer Jr., the late Parker MacKenzie, and Richard Aitson for taking the time to talk with me about beadwork, Kiowa language, and Kiowa history. My stay at the University of Iowa has produced an equally stellar list of companions on the journey. Beginning with the Department of History, warm appreciation for the friendships of Lisa Heineman, Johanna Schoen, Shel Stromquist, Colin Gordon, Susan Lawrence, Mark Peterson, Leslie Schwalm, Rosemary Moore, and Henry Horwitz; thank you to the remaining members of a department ﬁlled with

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Acknowledgments

accomplished, productive, generous, and kind colleagues whose in-tellectual generosity has enriched my life. Others at the University of Iowa round out my community. Thank you Helena Dettmer, Jean Aikin, Patricia Goodwin, and Mary Strottman. Thank you Susan Hauer and our community of fellow travelers, Elizabeth Clark, David Kearns, Ann Stromquist, Mary Neppl, Lori Muntz, Debra Johnson, Oliviah Walker, Quanah Walker, Sarah Walker, their generous relatives at Tama, Nicole Leitz, Sydney Switzer, Christine Nobiss, and Angie Erdrich for your friendships. My acknowledgments include a list of scholars with intellectual heft and inﬁnite humanity whom every person should be so lucky to call friends, mentors, and colleagues. Thank you Jean M. O’Brien, Frederick Hoxie, Patricia Albers, Laura Rigal, Rudi-Colloredo Mansfeld, Laura Graham, Susan Sleeper-Smith, Andrea Smith, Audra Simpson, Lisa Hall, J. Kehaulani Kauanui, Brenda Farnell, Marsha Weissiger, and Ray Fogelson. Where would I be without all the patient and smart librarians and archivists? Thank you, Debra Baroff, Museum of the Great Plains, Lawton, Oklahoma; Bill Weir, Oklahoma State Historical Society; John Lovett, Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma; the staffs of Hampton University Archives, Southwestern Area Regional Archives, Smithsonian Anthropology Archives, Smithsonian Archives; Newberry Library; Herman Viola; Bob Kvasnicka, National Archives, WashingtonLK; Charles Rand, National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum. Thank you to the University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences for research support. Thank you to the University of Nebraska Press, especially Elisabeth Chretien and Ann Baker. This project and I have beneﬁted from the conscientious and cheer-ful contributions of Anita Gaul and Catherine Denial. Anita Gaul took over where I left off on the federal appropriations research. I am forever indebted to Anita for her sustained and substantive contributions. Professor Ken Cmiel of the History Department assigned himself the job of being my friend and mentor when I arrived at Iowa. I greatly admired his approach to academia. Tales of even the worst antics of

Acknowledgments

academics and administrators, foolish and malevolent alike, promptedKen’s mile-wide smile, outstretched arms, and a cheerful, “I know!” Beneath Ken’s comical response beat a warrior’s heart. That I am still upright and moving forward is a testament to his inﬁnite empathy. Like many, literally throughout the world, I mourn Ken’s passing on February 4, 2006. I cherish the memory of his unexpected appearance at my ofﬁce door and our last conversation the day before he took ill. I hope he knows that, thanks to him among others, but him especially, I made it over the ﬁnish line in one piece, with him, his constant com-panion and wife Ann, and his rock-steady children in my thoughts. Thank you to my mother, Lorene Jefferson Byars Thompson, and brothers, J. D. Graciano and Kenneth Thompson, for their pride in my work, and to my father, Jack Thompson, who told me I would go to college. Anyone who knows me will attest that Thomas Rand and Amelia Rand are the brightest stars in my universe. We share a profound love for our Oklahoma-born companion, Buster, a beautiful black sanctu-ary dog with a self-acquired regal bearing. His death one week after Ken Cmiel’s memorial service ended an eleven-year-old journey, but he will forever be a part of us. I’ve worked on this project through well over half of the children’s lives. My completion of the manuscript coincides with Amelia’s departure for college; Thomas has been out in the world for a year. Mama, thanks you for your trust, goodness, faith, encouragement, all-around swell companionship, and for growing me up while keeping me current in all things cool. May we never forget where we came from. As for where we’re going and what we’re do-ing, let’s remember our shared appreciation for Mos Def ’s “Fear Not of Man,” and seek the clear idea. I optimistically dedicate this book to ya’ll.