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298 pages

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The Hudson River Valley, which George Washington referred to as the "Key to the Northern Country," played a central role in the American Revolution. From 1776 to 1780, with major battles fought at Saratoga, Fort Montgomery, and Stony Point, the region was a central battleground of the Revolution. In addition, it witnessed some of the most dramatic and memorable aspects of the war, such as Benedict Arnold's failed conspiracy at West Point, the burning of New York's capital at Kingston, and the more than six-hundred-mile march of Washington and the Continental Army and Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, and his French Expeditionary Corps to Yorktown, Virginia. Compiled from essays that appeared in the Hudson Valley Regional Review and the Hudson River Valley Review, published by the Hudson River Valley Institute, the book illustrates the richly textured history of this supremely important time and place.
List of Illustrations
Foreword by Thomas S. Wermuth
Preface by Barnabas McHenry, Esq.
Acknowledgments
Introduction by James M. Johnson

1. The American Revolution in the Hudson River Valley—An Overview
Thomas S. Wermuth and James M. Johnson

Part I. Politics and Loyalties

2. A Suspected Loyalist in the Rural Hudson Valley: The Revolutionary War Experience of Roeloff Josiah Eltinge
Kenneth Shefsiek

3. "Can you on such principles think of quitting a Country?” Family, Faith, Law, Property, and the Loyalists of the Hudson Valley during the American Revolution
Michael Diaz

4. New York’s Committees in the American Revolution
Colin Williams

5. Robert R. Livingston, Jr.: The Reluctant Revolutionary
Clare Brandt

6. Skinners: Patriot “Friends” or Loyalist “Foes”?
Lincoln Diamant

7. The Central Hudson Valley and the American Revolution
Thomas S. Wermuth

Part II. Suffrage and Society

8. Open to All Parties: Alexander and James Robertson, Albany Printers, 1771–1777
Denis P. Brennan

9. Taxation and Suffrage in Revolutionary New York
Jonathan Clark

10. The Right to Choose: Suffrage During the Revolutionary Era in Charlotte Precinct
William P. McDermott

11. “The women! in this place have risen in a mob”: Women Rioters and the American Revolution in the Hudson River Valley
Thomas S. Wermuth

12. Three Officers and a Lady: The Hudson Highlands and Georgia During the Revolution
Edward J. Cashin

Part III. Fortresses, Prisons, and Huts

13. Lewis Graham’s House in Pine Plains: A Revolutionary Log Building
Neil Larson

14. Revolutionary War Fleet Prison at Esopus, NY
Frank Doherty

15. The Flawed Works of Fort Constitution
James M. Johnson

Part IV. Battles and Warfare

16. A Warm Reception in the Hudson Highlands
James M. Johnson

17. Civil War in Schaghticoke: A Footnote to the Revolution in Upstate New York
R. Beth Kloptt

18. Interpreting the Battle for the Hudson River Valley: The Battle of Fort Montgomery
James M. Johnson and Gregory Smith

19. Revolutionary Road: Incident on Gallows Hill
Thomas C. O’Keefe

20. Soldier of ’76: The Revolutionary War Service of a Connecticut Private in the Campaign for New York
William Sullivan

21. Valcour Island: Setting the Conditions for Victory at Saratoga
Gregory M. Tomlin

Contributors
Index

Sujets

États-Unis

Regional

History of the Americas

18th century

Region

Local history

Military history

United States of America

USA

Informations

Publié par	State University of New York Press
Date de parution	10 juillet 2013
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781438448138
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1748€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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SUNY SERIES, AN AMERICAN REGION: STUDIES IN THE HUDSON VALLEY

THOMAS S. WERMUTH, EDITOR

Key to the Northern Country

The Hudson River Valley in the American Revolution
Edited by James M. Johnson, Christopher Pryslopski, and Andrew Villani

On the cover: Burgoyne's Surrender at Saratoga , © 1911. Percy Moran.
Color photomechanical print. Library of Congress,
call number LOT 4412-FC [P&P]
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2013 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
Excelsior Editions is an imprint of State University of New York Press
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu
Production by Ryan Morris Marketing by Fran Keneston
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Key to the northern country : the Hudson River Valley in the American Revolution / edited by James M. Johnson, Christopher Pryslopski, and Andrew Villani.
p pages cm. — (SUNY series, an American region: studies in the Hudson Valley)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4384-4814-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. New York (State)—History—Revolution, 1775–1783. 2. Hudson River Valley (N.Y. and N.J.)—History—18th century. I. Johnson, James M., 1947 June 28-, editor. II. Pryslopski, Christopher. III. Villani, Andrew, 1986-, editor. IV. Title: Hudson River Valley in the American Revolution.
E230.5.N4K49 2013
974.7'03—dc23
2012044466
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

To Dr. Frank T. Bumpus Philanthropist, Aviator, Radiologist, and Supporter of the Hudson River Valley Institute
Illustrations
Figure 1.1. Timeline, 1763–1783 Figure 2.1. The Oath of Allegiance required of all New York citizens Figure 2.2. Transcription of The Oath of Allegiance required to all New York citizens Figure 2.3. The Oath of Allegiance to the King Figure 2.4. Transcription of the Oath of Allegiance to the King Figure 2.5. The Roeloff Josiah Eltinge House in New Paltz Figure 3.1. States Dyckman Figure 3.2. Front Façade of Boscobel Mansion Figure 4.1. The Oath of Allegiance required of all New York citizens Figure 5.1. Robert R. Livingston , oil on canvas portrait Table 9.1. Value of Estate in Comparison to the Number of Sons with British Table 10.1. Percent of Taxpayers at Each Assessed Value Table 10.2. Officeholders Partitioned by Value of Assessment and Category of Office Held Table 10.3. Percent of Public Offices Held by Wealthy Men Figure 11.1. William Hogarth's depiction of a riot in eighteenth-century England Figure 12.1. Nathanael Greene, Anthony Wayne, and Henry “Light-Horse Harry” Lee Figure 12.2. Map of Stony Point and Verplank's Point Fortifications Figure 12.3. The Works at Paulus Hook Figure 12.4. The Plan of the Battle of Guilford Figure 13.1. View of exterior from northeast Figure 13.2. View of exterior from southwest Figure 13.3. First-story floor plan (north at top) Figure 13.4. View of west room from east Figure 13.5. View of center hall with stairs looking north from entrance Figure 13.6. View of east room from west Figure 13.7. Second-story floor plan (north at top) Figure 14.1. Prisoners aboard the prison ship Jersey in New York Harbor Figure 14.2. The Jersey , one of the prisons used by the British at New York during the American Revolutionary War Figure 15.1. Map of Fort Constitution Figure 15.2. Chevaux-de-Frise Figure 15.3. Romans' Plan #1 Figure 15.4. Romans' Plan #2 Figure 15.5. Romans' Plan #3 Figure 16.1. The American Naval Flotilla, led by the frigate Montgomery , guards the chain and engages the British fleet, October 6, 1777 Figure 16.2. Awaiting the British at the entrance to the Hudson Highlands Figure 16.3. “Attack !” The Battles of Forts Clinton and Montgomery Figure 16.4. The frigate Montgomery was burned by her own crew the night of October 6, 1777 Figure 17.1. Aerial View of Schaghticoke, N.Y.c. 1889 Figure 18.1. The naval battle during the attack on Forts Montgomery and Clinton Figure 18.2. Map showing Fort Montgomery Figure 18.3. Artifacts unearthed during archaeological digs at Fort Montgomery Figure 18.4. Soldiers manning a redoubt at Fort Montgomery Figure 19.1. Putnam's Escape at Horse Neck Figure 19.2. A new and correct map of Connecticut Figure 20.1. Detail showing New York City and Harlem Figure 20.2. The retreat of Continental forces from Long Island Figure 20.3. The British Fleet in the Lower Bay Figure 20.4. Detail showing the distance and terrain between Harlem and White Plains 261 Figure 20.5. Detail of White Plains Figure 21.1. The Attack and defeat of the American fleet under Benedict Arnold by the King's fleet
Foreword

I N 2009 the Hudson River Valley Institute at Marist College joined forces with SUNY Press to commemorate New York State's Quadricentennial, 1609–2009, with the book, America's First River: The History and Culture of the Hudson River Valley . The editorial staff selected for inclusion eighteen articles previously published in The Hudson River Valley Review and its predecessor the Hudson Valley Regional Review that showcased not only the Native American and Dutch experiences but the many dimensions of the Hudson River Valley itself.
This second volume in the SUNY Press series, Key to the Northern Country: The Hudson River Valley in the American Revolution , focuses on the War for Independence in the Hudson River Valley in honor of the 235 th anniversary of America's second deadliest war, a war that brought the original thirteen colonies their independence and started the transformation of New York into the Empire State. Two hundred thirty-five years ago in 1777, the Northern Army defeated and captured a British army at Saratoga, in what would prove to be the turning point of the war when France recognized the United States of North America. The nexus of the conflict was New York's Hudson River Valley, the cockpit of the war for both sides. As you will read, this region saw major fighting, served as the granary of the colonies and formulated many of the key political ideas that would find their way into the Constitution and its Bill of Rights. New York and its Hudson River Valley were integral to the Revolutionary cause.
In this volume you will read why New York was so important. Articles will highlight the civil war that pitted Whigs against Loyalists, spawned new approaches to voting and taxation, and changed the role of women in society. You will explore key sites and battles such as Valcour Island, Fort Constitution, the Fleet Prison at Esopus, and Fort Montgomery. Finally, you will follow the lives of Americans who fought and died for their beliefs—for independence or for empire.
Join us as we once again explore the history of the Hudson River Valley.
T HOMAS S. W ERMUTH , P H .D.
Director, Hudson River Valley Institute
Editor, SUNY Series: An American Region: Studies in the Hudson Valley
Preface

I T IS AN HONOR to introduce this book, Key to the Northern Country: The Hudson River Valley in the American Revolution . We New Yorkers have always believed that the Hudson River Valley played the pivotal role in determining the outcome of the Revolutionary War and these twenty-one chapters support our case.
In 1996 Congress designated ten counties on the Hudson River as the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area and one of our first, and likely most important accomplishments, was the establishment of a continuing partnership with Marist College. The Heritage Area has prospered through this partnership because of the extraordinary efforts of three Marist scholars: President Dennis Murray, Vice President and Dean Thom Wermuth, and Colonel (Ret.) Jim Johnson. These three dynamos, with the advice and assistance of Peter Bienstock, created the Hudson River Valley Institute at Marist College. Last year Dr. Frank T. Bumpus funded a chair at Marist in Hudson River Valley History. Colonel Johnson, the Military Historian of the Hudson River Valley and Executive Director of the Institute, is its distinguished first occupant.
I have read and enjoyed these twenty-one chapters about our wonderful and historic valley and trust that you will agree.
B ARNABAS M C H ENRY , E SQ .
Co-Chair, Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area
Vice Chair, Advisory Board, Hudson River Valley Institute
Acknowledgments

T HE EDITORS would like to acknowledge the assistance of the following people, organizations, and groups. Dr. Thomas S. Wermuth, publisher of The Hudson River Valley Review and Director of the Hudson River Valley Institute, encouraged this project as the editor of SUNY Press's Hudson River series. Dr. Martin Shaffer, Dean of Liberal Arts, supported this project from its inception. Interns Gail Goldsmith, Marist ’12, and Samantha McNerney, Marist ’14, assisted with the scanning, organizing, and copy editing. Intern Christina Ritter, Marist ’14, found and organized the original illustrations and did copy editing. Lois S. Johnson and interns Taylor Mullaney and Marygrace Navarra, Marist ’14, joined the team as copy editors. Thank