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State University of New York Press - Lu Zhao

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201 pages

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Description

Through an examination of the Great Peace (taiping), one of the first utopian visions in Chinese history, Zhao Lu describes the transformation of literati culture that occurred during the Han Dynasty. Driven by anxiety over losing the mandate of Heaven, the imperial court encouraged classicism in order to establish the Great Peace and follow Heaven's will. But instead of treating the literati as puppets of competing and imagined lineages, Zhao uses sociological methods to reconstruct their daily lives and to show how they created their own thought by adopting, modifying, and opposing the work of their contemporaries and predecessors. The literati who served as bureaucrats in the first century BCE gradually became classicists who depended on social networking as they traveled to study the classics. By the second century CE, classicism had dissolved in this traveling culture and the literati began to expand the corpus of knowledge beyond the accepted canon. Thus, far from being static, classicism in Han China was full of innovation, and ultimately gave birth to both literary writing and religious Daoism.
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction

1. Toward a Zeal for Classicism: Intellectual Transitions from 74 BC to AD 9 China
The Search for Heaven’s Will in Emperor Xuan’s Period
Toward the Great Peace: Emperor Yuan and the Restoration of the Kingly Way
The Six Classics: Complete and Fundamental
Restoring the Original Six Classics or Getting Rid of Them: Two Paths of Innovation
Concluding Remarks

2. The Conflation between Heaven and the Classics: The Rise of Apocrypha (chenwei )
Discovering the Heavenly Nature of the Classics
Forming a Tradition: The Sociopolitical Background of the Emergence of the Apocryphal Texts
A Case Study: Liu Xiu’s Feng and Shan Sacrifices
Concluding Remarks

3. Apocrypha, Confucius, and Monarchy in Emperor Ming’s Reign (AD 58–75)
Xuan sheng: The Dark Sage
Su Wang, the “Uncrowned King”
Zixia and Confucius: A Political Analogy
Concluding Remarks

4. Finding Teachers versus Making Friends: The Gradual Departure from Classicism in the First Two Centuries AD
How to Succeed in the Han: Sketching the Han Official Recruitment System
How One Learned Classical Knowledge in the Han: Schools and Curricula
Ma Rong and His Friends: A Case Study of Horizontal Relationships
Concluding Remarks

5. The Radical and the Conservative: Zheng Xuan, He Xiu, the Scripture of the Great Peace, and Their Stances on the Classics
Zheng Xuan and His Scholarship
He Xiu and His Return to the Gongyang Tradition
The (Re)emergence of the Scripture of the Great Peace
Concluding Remarks

Conclusion
Han Intellectual Communities and Their Features
The Matter of the Great Peace
The Production of Innovation and Its Driving Force
The Impact and Legacy of Classicism

Appendix 1. The Chinese Classics
Appendix 2. The Origin of the Old Script / New Script Controversy
Appendix 3. The Contrast-Debate Model and Its Critique
Appendix 4. The Assumptions of Confucian Empire and Its Problems
Appendix 5. Apocryphal Texts: A History of Superstition and Adulation
Appendix 6. Chen, Wei, and Apocrypha: A Matter of Definition

Notes
Bibliography
Index

Sujets

China

History of Asia

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Publié par	State University of New York Press
Date de parution	31 mai 2019
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781438474939
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	12 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1698€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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In Pursuit of the Great Peace
SUNY series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture

Roger T. Ames, editor
In Pursuit of the Great Peace
Han Dynasty Classicism and the Making of Early Medieval Literati Culture
Zhao Lu
趙璐
Cover art: (1) A rubbing of the “Great Peace”: A design based on the rubbing with the word “Great Peace” substituting the original words on the aforementioned drawing. Designed by Lala Zuo. (2) A rubbing of the Classics with three scripts: A redrawing of the rubbing of Santi Shijing from the Palace Museum, People’s Republic of China. Redrawn by Lala Zuo.
Published by State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2019 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY
www.sunypress.edu
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Zhao, Lu, 1985– author.
Title: In pursuit of the great peace : Han Dynasty classicism and the making of early medieval literati culture / Zhao Lu.
Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2019] | Series: SUNY series in Chinese philosophy and culture | Revision of author’s thesis (doctoral)—University of Pennsylvania, 2013. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018035997 | ISBN 9781438474915 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438474939 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: China—Intellectual life—221 B.C.–960 A.D. | Classicism—China—History.
Classification: LCC DS747.42 .Z453 2019 | DDC 931/.04—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018035997
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Kelsey and Sarah
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Toward a Zeal for Classicism: Intellectual Transitions from 74 BC to AD 9 China
The Search for Heaven’s Will in Emperor Xuan’s Period
Toward the Great Peace: Emperor Yuan and the Restoration of the Kingly Way
The Six Classics: Complete and Fundamental
Restoring the Original Six Classics or Getting Rid of Them: Two Paths of Innovation
Concluding Remarks
2. The Conflation between Heaven and the Classics: The Rise of Apocrypha ( chenwei 讖緯 )
Discovering the Heavenly Nature of the Classics
Forming a Tradition: The Sociopolitical Background of the Emergence of the Apocryphal Texts
A Case Study: Liu Xiu’s Feng and Shan Sacrifices
Concluding Remarks
3. Apocrypha, Confucius, and Monarchy in Emperor Ming’s Reign (AD 58–75)
Xuan sheng : The Dark Sage
Su Wang, the “Uncrowned King”
Zixia and Confucius: A Political Analogy
Concluding Remarks
4. Finding Teachers versus Making Friends: The Gradual Departure from Classicism in the First Two Centuries AD
How to Succeed in the Han: Sketching the Han Official Recruitment System
How One Learned Classical Knowledge in the Han: Schools and Curricula
Ma Rong and His Friends: A Case Study of Horizontal Relationships
Concluding Remarks
5. The Radical and the Conservative: Zheng Xuan, He Xiu, the Scripture of the Great Peace , and Their Stances on the Classics
Zheng Xuan and His Scholarship
He Xiu and His Return to the Gongyang Tradition
The (Re)emergence of the Scripture of the Great Peace
Concluding Remarks
Conclusion
Han Intellectual Communities and Their Features
The Matter of the Great Peace
The Production of Innovation and Its Driving Force
The Impact and Legacy of Classicism
Appendix 1. The Chinese Classics
Appendix 2. The Origin of the Old Script / New Script Controversy
Appendix 3. The Contrast-Debate Model and Its Critique
Appendix 4. The Assumptions of Confucian Empire and Its Problems
Appendix 5. Apocryphal Texts: A History of Superstition and Adulation
Appendix 6. Chen, Wei, and Apocrypha: A Matter of Definition
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Illustrations
Charts
1. The Transmission Line of the Changes
2. Hou Cang and His Disciples
3. Liu Xiang and Liu Xin’s Learning
4. Liu Xiang and His Alliances
5. Liu Xin and His Enemies
6. Liu Xin and Li Xun’s Affiliates
7. Family Transmission Lines 1
8. Family Transmission Lines 2
9. Transmission Lines of Old Text Traditions
10. The Huan Family and Their Disciples
11. Transmission of Knowledge in Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan’s Time
12. Partisans and Their Affiliates
Tables
1. A Literal Translation of Apocrypha Titles Quoted in Chapter 2
2–3. Two Theories of the Five Phases
4. Ages and Reign Years of the Eastern Han Emperors
Acknowledgments
A lthough many guides to writing acknowledgments tell me to keep them concise without strong emotive language, I find it impossible to do so and do justice to the people to whom I am in debt. Even with that said, the thanks I give and how much these people contributed to my book is still understated.
First, I express my deep gratitude to Paul R. Goldin, my PhD advisor. Through writing my dissertation and turning it into this current form, I have benefited from his insightful and carefully constructed arguments, succinct and clear writing style, upright work ethic, and a witty sense of humor. While granting me great liberty in choosing my topic, Paul always provided me with concrete guidance, helpful critiques, and practical suggestions. Without his constant and generous help, I would not be able to finish the dissertation, not to mention turning it into a book.
Special thanks to Nathan Sivin for his unfailing mentoring. A polymath, Nathan has taught me Chinese medicine, astronomy, Daoist studies, writing skills, German, and even how to format my dissertation. More importantly, his broad academic curiosity and vision of breaking down the boundaries between specialized fields continues to inspire me. This book took shape based on his vision that historians should account for as many aspects of history as possible in their research. It also took shape via weekly discussions with him, via his careful examination of every single word of my drafts, and via his belief in the importance of serving a larger audience.
I would also like to thank Randall Collins, my dissertation committee member. I have greatly benefited from his erudition in world intellectual history as well as his expertise in sociology. His sociological view shaped the theoretical skeleton of this book, and his suggestions based on a comparative perspective never failed to stimulate me and improve this project.
As a nonnative speaker of English, this book would be barely intelligible without many people’s help with my writing. Besides Paul and Nathan, my deepest gratitude goes to Sarah A. G. Basham and Kelsey Seymour, my language partners. They have patiently read through countless drafts since I started writing my dissertation until the final version. They identified any part that was unclear and always offered me means of clarification. Their criticism, ranging from my choice of word to the structure of a chapter, helped to bring this book to another level. Most importantly, they never settled with me on writing a “good enough” sentence because I am not a native speaker of English; they always urged me to strive for excellence.
Along the way, I became indebted to many people with whom I have had the honor to work and without whom the path would have been much darker. Michael Nylan gave me enthusiastic encouragement as well as practical suggestions that decisively turned the project around. Anonymous reviewer A’s meticulous comments have greatly improved the quality of the work. Anonymous reviewer B’s comments not only increased the readability of the manuscript but also put my decade-long anxieties toward English at ease. My editor Christopher Ahn bravely took on the project, and Chelsea Miller and the rest of the SUNY Press team vigorously pushed the project forward ever since. Zuo Lala visualized the central argument of my book and created the main image for the book cover, a stone stele of the classics with nothing but the Great Peace. Adam Smith and Barbara Hendrischke insightfully pointed out many logical fallacies in first drafts, which set straight the project in the very beginning. Constance A. Cook, Chang Chia-Feng, and Hon Tze-ki have provided tremendous moral support through the whole process. I am particularly thankful that Connie practically cornered me into sending my materials to SUNY. I am also very grateful for the timely support of Mark Csikszentmihalyi and Michael Puett.
I thank the International Consortium of Research in the Humanities (IKGF) at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and its director, Michael Lackner. Both have provided me great liberty to pursue my project as well as the stimulating environment where I had the chance to meet most of the aforementioned people. I am especially grateful for Michael’s unceasing help, generous mentoring, and faith in me.
Last but not least, I thank Academia Sinica for allowing me to reprint a revised version of the article