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Cornell University Press - Colleen Woods

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Freedom Incorporated demonstrates how anticommunist political projects were critical to the United States' expanding imperial power in the age of decolonization, and how anticommunism was essential to the growing global economy of imperial violence in the Cold War era.In this broad historical account, Colleen Woods demonstrates how, in the mid-twentieth century Philippines, US policymakers and Filipino elites promoted the islands as a model colony. In the wake of World War II, as the decolonization movement strengthened, those same political actors pivoted and, after Philippine independence in 1946, lauded the archipelago as a successful postcolonial democracy. Officials at Malacanang Palace and the White House touted the 1946 signing of the liberating Treaty of Manila as a testament to the US commitment to the liberation of colonized people and celebrated it under the moniker of Philippine-American Friendship Day. Despite elite propaganda, from the early 1930s to late 1950s, radical movements in the Philippines highlighted US hegemony over the new Republic of the Philippines and, in so doing, threatened American efforts to separate the US from sordid histories of empire, imperialism, and the colonial racial order.Woods finds that in order to justify US intervention in an ostensibly independent Philippine nation, anticommunist Filipinos and their American allies transformed local political struggles in the Philippines into sites of resistance against global communist revolution. By linking political struggles over local resources, like the Hukbalahap Rebellion in central Luzon, to a war against communism, American and Filipino anticommunists legitimized the use of violence as a means to capture and contain alternative forms of political, economic, and social organization. Placing the post-World War II history of anticommunism in the Philippines within a larger imperial framework, in Freedom Incorporated Woods illustrates how American and Filipino intelligence agents, military officials, paramilitaries, state bureaucrats, academics, and entrepreneurs mobilized anticommunist politics to contain challenges to elite rule in the Philippines.

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20th century

History of the Americas

États-Unis

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Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	15 mai 2020
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781501749155
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	5 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,7500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Freedom Incorporated

A VO LU M E I N T H E S E R I E S

THE UNITED STATES IN THE WORLD edîted BY Davîd C. Engerman, AmY S. GreenBerg, and Paul A. Kramer

A list of titles in this series is available at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Freedom Incorporated

Anticommunism and Philippine Independence in the Age of Decolonization

Colleen Woods

Cornell University Press Ithaca and London

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu.

First published 2020 by Cornell University Press

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Names: Woods, Colleen, 1980– author. Title: Freedom incorporated : anticommunism and Philippine independence in the age of decolonization / Colleen Woods. Description: Ithaca, New York : Cornell University Press, 2020. | Series: The United States in the World | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identiﬁers: LCCN 2019047028 (print) | LCCN 2019047029 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501749131 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781501749148 (epub) | ISBN 9781501749155 (pdf ) Subjects: LCSH: Anticommunist movements—Philippines. | Antiimperialist movements—Philippines. | Decolonization—Philippines. | Postcolonialism—Philippines. | Philippines—Politics and government—20th century. | United States—Foreign relations—Philippines. | Philippines—Foreign relations—United States. Classiﬁcation: LCC DS685 .W775 2020 (print) | LCC DS685 (ebook) | DDC 959.904—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019047028 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019047029

Cover image: General of the US Army Dwight D. Eisenhower inspects the Philippine Scout Detachment at Clark Field, Pampanga Province, May 6, 1946. Signal Corps Photographs of American Military Activity. Courtesy of National Archives.

List of Abbreviations

Contents

Introduction: A Decolonized Empire 1. An Amazing Record of Red Plotting: Policing Radical and Racial Boundaries in the Colonial Philippines 2. State Violence and the Problem of Political Legitimacy: WWII, Philippine Independence, and the Hukbalahap 3. The Anticommunist International: The Philippine Front in a Global War against Communism 4. Efﬁcient, Honest, and Democratic: U.S. Aid, Public Administration, and the Campaign against Corruption 5. A Dirty, HalfHidden War: The CIA and U.S.Philippine Covert Operations in Southeast Asia Epilogue: A Friendship Written in Blood

Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index

vii

130

159 185

191 195 235 261

AAAIL AFL AFP AMCOMLIB AWIL CCP CIA CIC CIG CLO COF

Comintern CPP CPPI CPUSA CREST CUFA DA DCI EDCOR FBI FCP

ABBrevîatîons

AllAmerican AntiImperialist League American Federation of Labor Armed Forces of the Philippines Liberation of the People of the USSR Agricultural Workers Industrial League Chinese Communist Party Central Intelligence Agency CounterIntelligenceCorps Central Intelligence Group Congress of Labor Organizations Congreso Obrero de Filipinas (Philippine Workers’ Union) Communist International Communist Party of the Philippine Communist Party of the Philippine Islands Communist Party of the United States of America CIA Records Search Tool Committee on UnFilipino Activities Democratic Alliance Director of Central Intelligence, United States Economic Development Corps Federal Bureau of Investigation Freedom Company Philippines

vîîî A b b R E V I A T I O N S

FMACC

FOA FOIA FOR GATT HMB HUAC ICA IIA ILD IPA JCS JUSMAG KAP

KPMP

LAI MAAG MDAP MID MPC MSA NAMFREL NATO NCFE NSC ONI OSS PC PCLA PIA PKM

PKP

Politburo RG

Foreign Military Assistance Coordinating Committee, United States Foreign Operations Administration Freedom of Information Act Fellowship of Reconciliation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan (People’s Liberation Army) House UnAmerican Activities Committee International Cooperation Administration International Information Administration International Labor Defense Institute of Public Administration (Philippines) Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Department of Defense Joint U.S. Military Assistance Group Congress Katipunan ng mga Anakpawis sa Filipinas (Proletarian Labor Congress of the Philippines) Kalipunang Pambasa ng mga Magsasaka sa Pilipinas (National Society of Philippine Peasants) League against Imperialism and for National Independence Military Assistance Advisory Group Mutual Defense Assistance Program Military Intelligence Division, U.S. Army Military Police Command, Philippines Mutual Security Agency National Citizens’ Movement for Free Elections North Atlantic Treaty Organization National Committee for a Free Europe National Security Council Ofﬁce of Naval Intelligence, U.S. Navy Ofﬁce of Strategic Services, United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Chinese Laborers’ Association Philippine Information Agency Pambansang Kaisahan ng mga Magbubukid (National Peasant Union) Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (Philippine Communist Party) Political Bureau Record Group (Archives II)

RILU SMM TUUL UdelTF

UNRRA UODF

USAFFE USAFIP USAID USIA USIS USSR UTF WFTU WILPF WWI WWII

A b b R E V I A T I O N S îX

Red International of Labor Unions Saigon Military Mission Trade Union Unity League Unión el Trabajo de Filipinas (Workers Union of the Philippines) United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina (Democratic Workers Union of the Philippines) U.S. Army Forces in the Far East U.S. Army Forces in the Philippines (Guerrilla Group) U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Information Agency U.S. Information Service Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Unión de Tabaqueros de Filipinas (Tobbaco Workers Union) World Federation of Trade Unions Women’sInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom World War I World War II

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