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326 pages

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World War I prompted the first massive organized propaganda campaign of the twentieth century. Posters, pamphlets, and other media spread fear about the “Hun,” who was often depicted threatening American families in their homes, while additional campaigns encouraged Americans and their allies to support the war effort. With most men actively involved in warfare, women and children became a special focus—and a tool—of social manipulation during the war.

For Home and Country examines the propaganda that targeted noncombatants on the home front in the United States and Europe during World War I. Cookbooks, popular magazines, romance novels, and government food agencies targeted women in their homes, especially their kitchens, pressuring them to change their domestic habits. Children were also taught to fear the enemy and support the war through propaganda in the form of toys, games, and books. And when women and children were not the recipients of propaganda, they were often used in propaganda to target men. By examining a diverse collection of literary texts, songs, posters, and toys, Celia Malone Kingsbury reveals how these pervasive materials were used to fight the war’s cultural battle.

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Histoire

World War I

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Publié par	Nebraska
Date de parution	01 juillet 2010
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780803228320
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	32 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,2000€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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F O R H O M E A N D C O U N T R Y

Studies in War, Society, and the Military

G E N E R A LE D I T O R S Peter Maslowski University of Nebraska–Lincoln

David Graff Kansas State University

Reina Pennington Norwich University

E D I T O R I A LB O A R D D’Ann Campbell Director of Government and Foundation Relations, U.S. Coast Guard Foundation

Mark A. Clodfelter National War College

Brooks D. Simpson Arizona State University

Roger J. Spiller George C. Marshall Professor of Military History U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (retired)

Timothy H. E. Travers University of Calgary

Arthur Waldron Lauder Professor of International Relations University of Pennsylvania

For Home and Country World War I Propaganda on the Home Front

C E L I A M A L O N E K I N G S B U R Y

University of Nebraska Press | Lincoln & London

Portions of chapter1were originally published as “‘In Close Touch with Her Government’: Women and the Domestic Science Movement in World War One Propaganda,” inThe Recipe Reader: The Recipe and Its Cultural Contexts, ed. Janet Floyd and Laurel Forster,88–101(Aldershot: Ashgate,2003), used by permission of the publisher, copyright ©2003by Celia M. Kingsbury; and “‘Food Will Win the War’: Food and Social Control in World War I Propaganda,” inEdible Ideologies: Representing Food and Meaning, ed. Kathleen LeBesco and Peter Naccarato,45–64(Albany: State University of New York Press,2008), used by permission of the publisher, copyright ©2008bysunyPress.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kingsbury, Celia Malone. For home and country : World War I propaganda on the home front / Celia Malone Kingsbury. p. cm. — (Studies in war, society, and the military) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8032-2474-2(cloth : alk. paper) 1. World War,1914–1918—Propaganda. 2. World War,1914–1918—United States. 3. Propaganda, American.4. Popular culture— United States—History—20th century.5. World War,1914–1918—Social aspects.6. World War, 1914–1918—Psychological aspects.7.Persuasion (Psychology). I. Title. d639.p7u63 2010 940.4'88—dc22 2009047702

Set in Iowan Old Style by Bob Reitz.

For Chuck

C O N T E N T S

List of Illustrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1. Food Will Win the War: Domestic Science and the Royal Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2. “One Hundred Percent”: War Service and Women’s Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 3.vads and Khaki Girls: The Ultimate Reward for War Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

4. “Learning to Hate the German Beast”: Children as War Mongers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

5. The Hun Is at the Gate: Protecting the Innocents. . . . . . .218

Conclusion: Learning to Love Big Brother—or Not. . . . . . . .262

Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301

I L L U S T R A T I O N S

All illustrations are from the author’s collection.

1. “Sow the Seeds of Victory,” James Montgomery Flagg. . . . .7 2. “Keep the Hun Out,” Billy Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 3. “For Home and Country,” Alfred Everitt Orr . . . . . . . . . . .25 4. . . . . . . . . . .. United States Food Administration uniform 34 5. “The Salvation Army Lassie,” anonymous. . . . . . . . . . . . .44 6. “Sugar Means Ships,” Ernest Fuhr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 7. “Areyoua Victory Canner?” Leonebel Jacobs . . . . . . . . . .48 8. “Can Vegetables, Fruit, and the Kaiser too” . . . . . . . . . . . .50 9. “She Helps Her Boy to Victory,” anonymous. . . . . . . . . . .56 10. “Women of Britain Say—go!” E. V. Kealey . . . . . . . . . . . .81 11. “I Wantyoufor the Navy,” Howard Chandler Christy. . . .89 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Edith Cavell’s burial site 107 13. “L’assassinio di Miss Cavell Inspira la ‘Kultur,’” T. Corbella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 14. Edith Cavell’s victory over death, T. Corbella . . . . . . . . . .109 15. “We Need You,” Albert Sterner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 16. Valerie Duval shoots a German soldier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 17. Black Cat Cigarette cards, nos.1and13. . . . . . . . . . . . .156–57 18. Black Cat Cigarette cards, nos.32and43. . . . . . . . . . .158–59 19. Black Cat Cigarette cards, nos.26and24. . . . . . . . . .160–61 20. Black Cat Cigarette postcard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

21. “Follow the Pied Piper,” Macinel Wright Enright . . . . . . .170 22. The Kaiser as monster, James Montgomery Flagg. . . . . .173 23. . . . . . . . . . . .. Davy and Dorfy with their animal friends 178 24. Lady Liberty’s torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 25. “Oh please do! Daddy, Buy Me a Victory Bond,” Joseph Ernest Samson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 26. “My Daddy Bought Me a Government Bond,” anonymous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 27. “Our Daddy isﬁghting at the Front forYou,” Dewey . . . .188 28. “Boys and Girls! You can help your Uncle Sam Win the War,” James Montgomery Flagg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 29. “Save your Child from Autocracy and Poverty,” Herbert Paus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 30. Storefront tea party. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 31. . . . . .. “Little Americans Do Your Bit,” Cushman Parker 193 32. Soldier Bob, Florence Notter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 33. . . . . .. Sheet music for “There’s Nobody Home but Me” 198 34. “Fold-A-Way War Nurses” paper dolls . . . . . . . . . . .200–201 35. Dog saluting fromLes Soldats de la Grande Guerre, Niké. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. French postcard of defecating child 207 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Postcard of a child soldier 208 38. Postcard of German child soldier and his girlfriend . . . . .210 39. Impaled sausage fromTen Little Sausages. . . . . . . . . . . . . .213 40. Sliced sausage fromTen Little Sausages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 41. Back cover ofTen Little Sausages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 42. . . . . . . . . . . . .. “Hun or Home?” Henry Patrick Raleigh 221 43. “Hunger,” Henry Patrick Raleigh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222 44. “Don’t waste food while others starve!” L. C. Clinker and M. J. Dwyer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 45. “When You Fire Remember This,” W. A. Rogers . . . . . . .230