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Empire in Denial , livre ebook

Pluto Press - David Chandler

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236 pages

English

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Description

This book argues that state-building, as it is currently conceived, does not work.

In the 1990s, interventionist policies challenged the rights of individual states to self-governance. Today, non-western states are more likely to be feted by international institutions offering programmes of poverty-reduction, democratisation and good governance.

States without the right of self-government will always lack legitimate authority. The international policy agenda focuses on bureaucratic mechanisms, which can only institutionalise divisions between the West and the non-West and are unable to overcome the social and political divisions of post-conflict states. Highlighting the dangers of current policy - including the redefinition of sovereignty, and the subsequent erosion of ties linking power and accountability.
Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

1. Introduction: Empire in Denial

2. State-Building States without Sovereignty

3. The Governance of Government

4. The Ethics of Empire in Denial

5. Denial of the EU’s Eastern Empire

6. Denying the Bosnian Protectorate

7. Techniques of Evasion (1) Anti-Corruption Initiatives

8. Techniques of Evasion (2) The Rule of Law

9. Conclusion: Six Theses on Phantom States and Empire in Denial

References

Index

Sujets

Political Science

Histoire

Theory

History

Informations

Publié par	Pluto Press
Date de parution	20 juillet 2006
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781849642873
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,6250€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Empire in Denial The Politics of Statebuilding

DAVID CHANDLER

P Pluto Press LONDON • ANN ARBOR, MI

First published 2006 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106

www.plutobooks.com

The right of David Chandler to be identiﬁed as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN ISBN

0 7453 2429 0 hardback 0 7453 2428 2 paperback

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for

Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd, Fortescue, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Printed and bound in the European Union by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne, England

AcknowledgementsList of Abbreviations

Cont

1 Introduction: Empire in Denial

2 Statebuilding States without Sovereignty

3 The Governance of Government

4 The Ethics of Empire in Denial

5 Denial of the EU’s Eastern Empire

6 Denying the Bosnian Protectorate

7 Techniques of Evasion (1) Anticorruption Initiatives

8 Techniques of Evasion (2) The Rule of Law

9 Conclusion: Six Theses on Phantom States and Empire in Denial

ReferencesIndex

ix xi

123

143

166

189

195 216

For Debi and Aiden

Acknowledgements

This book would not have been possible without the support of my wife Bonnie and the patience of my children, Harvey and Oliver, who had to contend with the strange and ‘unfair’ concept that when Daddy was at home he was also sometimes still ‘at work’. Having the time to engage in writing is necessary but, of course, not sufﬁcient; it is the engagement with and development of the ideas which matter. To the extent that this book has been able to open up the theme of international statebuilding and pose new questions with regard to the reshaping of international relations, the work is a product of collective engagement in a number of international forums and working groups, including those organised in conjunction with: the British Academy (Grants for Joint Projects with South Eastern Europe); International Studies Association (ISA); European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR); British International Studies Association (BISA); Political Science Association (PSA); Military Centre for Strategic Studies (CeMISS), Rome; Royal Institute for International Relations (RIIRKIIB), Brussels; International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), London; Cambridge International Studies Association, Cambridge University; Institute of Ideas; Institute for European Studies (IES), Vrije Universiteit, Brussels; Italian Institute for International Studies (IPSI), Milan; Centre for Applied Policy Research (CAP), University of Munich; Balkan Forum, Federal Foreign Ofﬁce, Berlin; Department of Politics, University of Limerick; Goodenough College, London; School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London; the Sovereignty And Its Discontents (SAID) working group; and the International Relations discussion group at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster. There are many individuals who have provided feedback, assistance, ideas and, of course, critique without whom the arguments would without doubt be less developed, these include: Rita Abrahamsen; Josie Appleton; William Bain; Christopher Bickerton; Didier Bigo; Berit Bliesemann de Guevara; Giovanna Bono; Alan Bullion; Simon Chesterman; Jarat Chopra; Philip Cunliffe; Barbara Delcourt; Mark Dufﬁeld; Alastair Fraser; Alex Gourevitch; Philip Hammond; Graham Harrison; James Heartﬁeld; Volker Heins; Tara McCormack; Brendan

x Acknowledgements

O’Neill; David Ost; Roland Paris; John Pender; Jonathan Pugh; Vanessa Pupavac; Deepayan Basu Ray; Julian Reid; Ian Richardson; Wim van Meurs; and Dominik Zaum. Last but not least I would like to thank my ever supportive commissioning editor at Pluto Press, Anne Beech. An earlier version of Chapter 2 was prepared as a research paper, ‘Postconﬂict Statebuilding: Phantom States and Fragile Empires’, for the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies (CeMiSS), Rome, and the Foreign Policy Studies Institute (ISPI), Milan, research project on ‘Asymmetry, Terrorism and Preventive War: The Crisis of the Form of War and the Collapse of International Society’. Chapter 3 is an amended version of ‘Potemkin Sovereignty: Statehood without Politics in the New World Order’, forthcoming inThe Monist, Vol. 90, No. 1 (2007) ‘Sovereignty’ issue. Chapter 4 is a revised version of ‘The “Otherregarding” Ethics of Empire in Denial’, forthcoming in Volker Heins and David Chandler (eds)Rethinking Ethical Foreign Policy: Pitfalls, Possibilities and Paradoxes(London: Routledge, 2006). Chapter 5 is a revised and updated version of ‘Governance: The Unequal Partnership’ published in Wim van Meurs (ed.)South Eastern Europe: Weak States and Strong International Support, Prospects and Risks Beyond EU Enlargement, Vol. 2 (Opladen: Leske & Budrich/Bertelsmann Foundation, 2003), pp. 79–98. Chapter 6 is an amended version of ‘Statebuilding in Bosnia: The Limits of “Informal Trusteeship”’, forthcoming in theInternational Journal of Peace Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2006. Chapter 7 is a revised version of ‘Building Trust in Public Institutions? Good Governance and Anticorruption in Bosnia Herzegovina’, forthcoming inEthnopolitics, Vol. 5, special issue on Bosnia, 2006. Chapter 8 is an amended version of ‘The Problems of “Nationbuilding”: Imposing Bureaucratic Rule From Above’, published in theCambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2004, pp. 577–91.

ACTG APRM BiH CAFAO CARDS

CFSP CoM CPA DEI DFID DPI EBRD ESI EU FBiH FRY GAO HDZ

HIPC HLSG ICB ICG ICISS

IFI IMF IPTF KM MCA MDG MUP NATO NEPAD NGO

List of Abbreviations

AntiCorruption and Transparency Group African Peer Review Mechanism BosniaHerzegovina Customs and Fiscal Assistance Ofﬁce Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development and Stabilisation Common Foreign and Security Policy Council of Ministers Coalition Provisional Authority Directorate of European Integration Department for International Development Democratization Policy Institute European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Stability Initiative European Union Bosnian Federation Federal Republic of Yugoslavia General Accountancy Ofﬁce (US Congress) Croatian Democratic Community (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica) Highly Indebted Poor Country High Level Steering Group International Commission on the Balkans International Crisis Group International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty international ﬁnancial institution International Monetary Fund International Police Task Force Convertible Mark Millennium Challenge Account Millennium Development Goals Ministry of Internal Affairs North Atlantic Treaty Organisation New Partnership for Africa’s Development nongovernmental organisation

xii List of Abbreviations

OECD

OHR OSCE PDP

PIC PPA PRGF PRSP PSIA RS SAA SAp SAP SDA SDS SEE SFOR SP SPACI SPSEE TI UK UN UNDP UNHCR UNMIBH UNMIK US USAID

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Ofﬁce of the High Representative Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe Party of Democratic Progress (Partija Demokratskog Progresa) Peace Implementation Council participatory poverty assessment Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper poverty and social impact analysis Republika Srpska Stabilisation and Association Agreement Stabilisation and Association process Structural Adjustment Programme Party of Democratic Action (Stranka Demokratska Akcija) Serbian Democratic Party (Srpska Demokratska Stranka) South Eastern Europe (NATO) Stabilisation Force Stability Pact Stability Pact AntiCorruption Initiative Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe Transparency International United Kingdom United Nations United Nations Development Programme United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations Mission in BosniaHerzegovina United Nations Mission in Kosovo United States United States Agency for International Development

1 Introduction: Empire in Denial

Statebuilding – constructing or reconstructing institutions of governance capable of providing citizens with physical and economic security – is widely held to be one of the most pressing policy questions facing the international community today. Those concerned with such issues cross the political spectrum. They include political realists who argue that there is more to fear from failing states than from conquering ones. They also embrace activists who see the dysfunction of state institutions as lying at the heart of the global poverty trap. Indeed, it is the intersection of these concerns on the part of the security and development communities that has made statebuilding a core policy focus across the policy agendas of major Western states, international institutions and international nongovernmental organisations (NGOs). For some commentators, the focus on capacitybuilding states and encouraging country ownership of poverty reduction strategies and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is potentially empowering for nonWestern states and their citizens, many of whom are currently excluded from the new globalising order. For others, the language of capacitybuilding and empowerment merely hides the traditional practices of empire or even extends them in new regulatory forms. This book will challenge both the above positions. It analyses how statebuilding practices constitute highly invasive forms of external regulation but argues that these therapeutic and empowering practices cannot be fully understood merely as mechanisms designed to enforce the selfinterests of Western actors. Instead, statebuilding forms of regulation are considered, in the context of Empire in Denial, as attempts by Western states and international institutions to deny the power which they wield and to evade accountability for its exercise. This introductory chapter highlights the centrality of state building to international relations today and then locates this book in relation to existing debates and discussion on statebuilding and introduces the framework of Empire in Denial, contrasting the theoretical approach developed in this book with traditional Left and

2 Empire in Denial

Foucauldian approaches to current forms of external international regulatory control. It then provides an overview of the chapters which follow.

STATE-BUILDING

In the discourse of poverty reduction and international development, statecapacity has, over the last decade, become central to international concerns and ‘enhancing the capacity of African states has risen to the top of the continent’s development agenda’ (Léautier and Madavo, 2004: v). These concerns, and policy interventions in response to them, are highlighted in the World Bank’sWorld Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing Worldand in the 2000 follow up study,Reforming Public Institutions and Strengthening Governance: A World Bank Strategy(WB, 1997; 2000). The UK government’s 2005 Commission for Africa report argues that failures in state capacity have been the central barrier to development in the continent (CFA, 2005: 14). The UN Millennium Project expert panel, directed by Jeffrey Sachs, suggests that the central problem faced by poor and heavily indebted states is weak governance, caused not so much by ‘corrupt’ governments but those that ‘lack the resources and capacity to manage an efﬁcient public administration’ (UNMP, 2005b: 113). The World Bank’s perspective has become an international consensus, upheld by all the leading Western governments, including the United States, and the United Nations. In the current discourses of international security, statebuilding is seen as central to address the threats posed by weak states, which can harbour terrorists, drug trafﬁckers and international criminal networks and therefore export instability, refugees, crime and terror. The 2002 US National Security Strategy sums up the prevalent fears in its assertion that: ‘America is now threatened less by conquering states than we are by failing ones’ (NSS, 2002: Section 1). For US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice:

Today … the greatest threats to our security are deﬁned more by the dynamics within weak and failing states than by the borders between strong and aggressive ones. Weak and failing states serve as global pathways that facilitate the spread of pandemics, the movement of criminals and terrorists, and the proliferation of the world’s most dangerous weapons. Our experience of this new world leads us to conclude that the fundamental character of regimes matters more today than the international distribution of power. (Rice, 2005)