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American Biodefense , livre ebook

Cornell University Press - Smith III Frank L.

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Biological weapons have threatened U.S. national security since at least World War II. Historically, however, the U.S. military has neglected research, development, acquisition, and doctrine for biodefense. Following September 11 and the anthrax letters of 2001, the United States started spending billions of dollars per year on medical countermeasures and biological detection systems. But most of this funding now comes from the Department of Health and Human Services rather than the Department of Defense. Why has the U.S. military neglected biodefense and allowed civilian organizations to take the lead in defending the country against biological attacks? In American Biodefense, Frank L. Smith III addresses this puzzling and largely untold story about science, technology, and national security.Smith argues that organizational frames and stereotypes have caused both military neglect and the rise of civilian biodefense. In the armed services, influential ideas about kinetic warfare have undermined defense against biological warfare. The influence of these ideas on science and technology challenges the conventional wisdom that national security policy is driven by threats or bureaucratic interests. Given the ideas at work inside the U.S. military, Smith explains how the lessons learned from biodefense can help solve other important problems that range from radiation weapons to cyber attacks.

Sujets

Histoire

Military history

Military engineer

International relations

Informations

Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	19 septembre 2014
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780801455162
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,7500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

American Biodefense

A volume in the series

CornellStudiesinSecurityAffairs

edited byRobert J. Art, Robert Jervis, and Stephen M. Walt

Alistoftitlesinthisseriesisavailableatwww.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

American Biodefense

HowDangerousIdeasabout Biological Weapons Shape National Security

F r a n k L . S m i t h I I I

CornellUniversityPress

Ithaca and London

Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,thisbook,orpartsthereof,must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2014 by Cornell University Press

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Smith, Frank L., III, 1978– author. American biodefense : how dangerous ideas about biological weapons shape national security / Frank L. Smith III. pages cm. — (Cornell studies in security affairs) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9780801452710 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Biological warfare—United States—Safety measures. 2. Biosecurity—United States. 3. National security—United States. 4. Civil defense—United States. I. Title. UG447.8.S583 2014 358'.384—dc23 2014006183 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials includevegetablebased,lowVOCinksandacidfreepapersthatarerecycled,totallychlorinefree, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

AcknowledgmentsAcronyms

AmericanBiodefense,fromBostontoBaghdad

Contents

and Technology for National Security: Threats,1. Science Interests, and Ideas

2. Stereotypical Neglect of Military Research, Development, and Acquisition for Biodefense

Assumptions: Military Doctrine3. Fatal

4. An Unlikely Sponsor? The Rise of Civilian Biodefense

Biodefense and Beyond: The Inﬂuence of Ideas on National Security

Notes Index

[v]

vii ix

102

128

139 185

Acknowledgments

Thisbookis,ﬁrstandforemost,theproductofmymanyyearsattheUniversity of Chicago working with Charles Glaser, along with John Mearsheimer, John Padgett, and James Evans. Through the highs and lows, Charlie provided steady support and sage council, for which I am truly grateful. During my research, I also had the good fortune to spend a year at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stan ford University. It is therefore no accident that I owe much of the theory in this book to Lynn Eden, as well as the conﬁdence to write it. Lynn is a remarkable mentor and I cannot thank her enough. Criticalcontentforthisbookwasprovidedbymanyknowledgeablepeople whom I had the pleasure of interviewing or corresponding with over the years. In addition to several anonymous contributors, I want to thank Michael Ascher, Kenneth Bernard, Jack Berndt, Robert Boyle, Rich ard Danzig, Peter Emanuel, Jeffrey Grotte, Anna JohnsonWinegar, Mil ton Leitenberg, Carol Linden, Joel McCleary, Christina Murata, Joseph Palma, Frank Rapoport, Richard Spertzel, Ernest Takafuji, Victor Utgoff, Jerry Warner, Keith Yamamoto, and Raymond Zilinskas. I am grateful for help from Jeff Karr at the American Society of Microbiology Archives and Robert Wampler at the National Security Archive, as well as the staff at the National Academy of Sciences Archives and the National Archives and Records Administration. Ihavealsoreceivedtremendousassistanceandfeedbackfromfriendsand colleagues along the way. Among many others, I thank Charles Belle, Bruce Bennett, Jonathan Caverley, Brent Durbin, Marc Hernandez, Anne Holthoefer, Patrick Johnston, Jenna Jordan, Adam KamradtScott, Paul Kapur, Adria Lawrence, Michelle Murray, Takayuki Nishi, SeoHyun Park, Chetan Patel, Charles Perrow, Keven Ruby, John Schuessler, Jason

[vii]

Acknowledgments

Sharman, Rebecca Slayton, Lisa Stampnitzky, Paul Stockton, Mika Ue hara, Lora Viola, Jessica Weeks, Alexander Wendt, Dean Wilkening, and Robert Zarate. ThisisamuchbetterbookthankstocommentsfromGregoryKoblentz,Alexander Montgomery, Nicola Smith, and Kathleen Vogel, as well as editing by Erin Hurley, Bob Irwin, Katy Meigs, and Susan Specter. I could not ask for more from Roger Haydon or the editors of the Cornell Studies inSecurity Affairs series; working with Roger, in particular, is a sincere pleasure. This book also draws on my article, “A Casualty of Kinetic Warfare: Military Research, Development, and Acquisition for Biode fense,”Security Studies20, no. 4 (2011), by permission of the publisher. Aboveall,withouttheloveandsupportofmyfamily,therewouldhave been little point. This book is dedicated in loving memory to my mom, Virginia H. Smith.

[viii]

ANBACIS

BARDA

BIDS BW CBDP CBR CBRN CBW CDC CENTCOMCIA CWS DARPA DHS DoD DTRA EIS FDA HHS IED IOM JBPDS JPOBD JVAP

[ix]

Acronyms

AutomatedNuclear,Biological,andChemicalInformation System BiomedicalAdvancedResearchandDevelopmentAuthority Biological Integrated Detection System biological weapon(s) Chemical and Biological Defense Program chemical, biological, radiological chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear chemical and biological weapon(s) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention US Central Command Central Intelligence Agency Chemical Warfare Service Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Department of Homeland Security Department of Defense Defense Threat Reduction Agency Epidemic Intelligence Service Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services improvised explosive device Institute of Medicine Joint Biological Point Detection System Joint Program Ofﬁce for Biological Defense Joint Vaccine Acquisition Program

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