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State University of New York Press - Vicki Weiss , Keith Swaney , Aaron Noble

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389 pages

English

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"New York's pride is the pride of things done. Her leadership is no more due to her great wealth or her large population than to the patriotism of her citizens and the uses to which her wealth is put. In every war in which this country has engaged, she has shown a spirit of sacrifice that has made her preeminent among the States."

It was with these words that New York State Governor Charles S. Whitman urged his fellow New Yorkers to purchase Liberty Bonds in support of the war effort on April 6, 1918. He reminded New Yorkers and the nation that the Empire State once again led all others in the numbers of men, the amount of money, and the tonnage of material supplied to American forces during World War I.

A companion catalog to the New York State Museum exhibition of the same name, A Spirit of Sacrifice documents the statewide story of New York in World War I through the collections of the State's Office of Cultural Education comprised of the New York State Museum, Library, and Archives. Within these world-class collections are the nearly 3,600 posters of the Benjamin W. Arnold World War I Poster Collection at the New York State Library. By interweaving the story of New York in the Great War and utilizing the tremendous artifacts within the pictorial history revealed by the posters of the era and primary source documentation, this exhibition catalog serves as both a display of poster art and a more comprehensive examination of the primacy of the state's contributions to America's foray into World War I. Posters and objects from museums, libraries, and historical societies from across New York State as well as iconic artifacts and images are all included here. Brought together they tell the story of New York State's essential role in the First World War.
Foreword, Libby H. O’connell
Message from the New York State Board of Regents Chancellor and the New York State Education Commissioner
Acknowledgments
Introduction

1. The Empire State at War

2. Poster Art in World War I

3. The War in Europe (1914–1917)

4. Prelude to U.S. Involvement

5. “Follow the Flag”: American Entry into the War

6. “On the Job for Victory”: New York’s Contributions on the Home Front

7. New York Divided: The War at Home

8. “Somewhere in France”: New Yorkers in the American Expeditionary Force

9. The Welcome Home

10. “I have done my part over here”: Postwar New York

11. Legacy

Notes
Bibliography
Index

Sujets

États-Unis

Regional

History of the Americas

20th century

Region

World War I

Local history

United States of America

USA

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Publié par	State University of New York Press
Date de parution	04 décembre 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781438467801
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	20 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1498€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

A SPIRIT OF SACRIFICE
A SPIRIT OF SACRIFICE

NEW YORK STATE in the FIRST WORLD WAR
AARON NOBLE, KEITH SWANEY, and VICKI WEISS
Published by
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS , ALBANY
© 2017 New York State Education Department, Albany, NY 12230
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.
EXCELSIOR EDITIONS is an imprint of STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS
For information, contact
State University of New York Press, Albany, NY
www.sunypress.edu
Production and book design, Laurie D. Searl
Marketing, Fran Keneston
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Noble, Aaron, author. | Swaney, Keith, author. | Weiss, Vicki (Victoria), author.
Title: A spirit of sacrifice : New York State in the First World War / Aaron Noble, Keith Swaney, and Vicki Weiss.
Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, 2017. | “Excelsior Editions.” | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017000332 (print) | LCCN 2017028323 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438467801 (e-book) | ISBN 9781438467788 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: World War, 1914–1918—New York (State)
Classification: LCC D570.85.N4 (ebook) | LCC D570.85.N4 N63 2017 (print) | DDC 940.3/747—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017000332
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Foreword, Libby H. O’Connell
Message from the New York State Board of Regents Chancellor and the New York State Education Commissioner
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 The Empire State at War
2 Poster Art in World War I
3 The War in Europe (1914–1917)
4 Prelude to U.S. Involvement
5 “Follow the Flag”: American Entry into the War
6 “On the Job for Victory”: New York’s Contributions on the Home Front
7 New York Divided: The War at Home
8 “Somewhere in France”: New Yorkers in the American Expeditionary Force
9 The Welcome Home
10 “I have done my part over here”: Postwar New York
11 Legacy
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Foreword
Americans live in the long shadow of World War I, in a world shaped by a hundred-year-old global conflict that is still reflected in our society, our culture, and our current events. From civil rights issues to international border crises, the Great War continues to influence our headlines and our choices. But unlike the stirring history of the Civil War or the heroic narrative of World War II, World War I is largely ignored, forgotten except as a simple predecessor to the massive destruction that followed a generation later.
The past, however, is more than prologue. Americans deserve to learn about the Great War if they want to understand our complex and fascinating country. New York played a particularly important part in World War I, an outsized role even for the Empire State. The remarkable story of New York from 1914 to 1919, at home and, after the United States declared war in 1917, on the war front, provides an important case study that expands our understanding not only of the Great War but also of its continued impact today.
The talented experts at the New York State Museum have assembled a fascinating exhibition, A Spirit of Sacrifice: New York State in the First World War , that showcases their unique collection of artifacts, documents, and artwork. Personal objects—from a New York doughboy’s Enfield rifle to Father Duffy’s extreme unction kit—heighten the humanity of this exhibit, but it is the posters that provide the backbone.
The World War I–era poster collection held by the New York State Library is second to none, as the Spirit of Sacrifice exhibition and this accompanying catalog demonstrate. New York artists, designers, and printers led the world in their stunning graphic designs. In 2017, their vibrant posters enthrall modern viewers, as they did one hundred years ago.
Many aspects of New York during the war find expression in these posters, from Wall Street and war bonds to Liberty Gardens and food preservation. Most people associate women working in war industry factories with World War II, but the 1940s’ archetype of “Rosie the Riveter” had a mother, and she worked in a munitions factory during the Great War. Along with the suffragettes who marched up Fifth Avenue, these female industrial workers from New York challenged the status quo on gender roles.
In A Spirit of Sacrifice , the much-decorated Harlem Hellfighters (or Harlem Rattlers) of the 369th Infantry Regiment tell an inspirational civil rights story, juxtaposing harsh struggles, great achievements, and the introduction of modern jazz. Forty percent of New York City residents were foreign-born; the tension between national loyalty and individual rights speaks very clearly to us across the century. More servicemen hailed from New York than any other state, and more New Yorkers died in battle as well. Ultimately, it would be New York Harbor that welcomed the American Expeditionary Force home from the charnel-house battlefields of Europe.
A Spirit of Sacrifice tells this powerful history through a rich exhibition that extends our understanding of World War I way beyond New York. Congratulations to the curatorial team that assembled the compelling array of artifacts and artwork, expertly interpreted for all who visit the New York State Museum. It is a timely and generous contribution to the national commemoration of the World War I centennial, and an important example of public history at its best.
L IBBY H. O’C ONNELL , P H D U.S. World War I Centennial Commission
Message from the Chancellor and the Commissioner
New York State and its citizens have played a major role in the United States’s war efforts throughout history—from the Civil War to the present conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. An often overlooked war in American, and New York, history is World War I. No other state contributed more soldiers, supplies, and funds to the United States’s efforts in World War I than New York State.
In the early twentieth century, New York State led the nation in population, wealth, and industry. Over half a million New Yorkers entered the military between 1917 and 1918. Thousands of companies employed New Yorkers at home to make equipment and weapons for soldiers. New York City’s banks supplied millions of dollars in loans to the United States’s allies during the war.
Although New Yorkers answered the call to war on the battlefield and the home front, its citizens were not all united, and many doubted the country’s ability to fight in the war. Many New Yorkers were foreign-born, and there were uncertainties about where their loyalties truly lay.
A century later, we reflect on New York’s role in World War I with an exhibition at the New York State Museum: A Spirit of Sacrifice: New York State in the First World War. As an educational institution under the State Education Department and the Board of Regents, the State Museum is charged with serving the lifelong educational needs of New Yorkers.
To accomplish this mission, the State Museum worked with its sister institutions—the New York State Library and New York State Archives—to feature objects from their world-class collections in the exhibition. The State Library owns one of the largest World War I poster collections in the nation, and more than seventy of these illustrated posters appear in the exhibition. It’s an honor to share with the public these historical primary documents that reveal important messages without relying on much text.
A Spirit of Sacrifice also includes artifacts from cultural institutions and collections throughout the state—including the Rochester Historical Society, the Chemung County Historical Society, and the New York State Military Museum. The State Education Department is grateful to all lending institutions for helping to make this exhibition truly representative of the Empire State’s role in World War I.
This exhibition is an opportunity for educators to teach our children and students about this pivotal event in New York and American history. Numerous themes of historic importance can be explored when studying World War I, including citizenship and civic duty, immigration, race and race relations, New York State’s role as an industrial power, the rise and fall of empires, and the emergence of new economic systems. A teacher’s guide is available to support educators in using the exhibition as a teaching tool. There is also an online version of the exhibition on the Museum’s website for those unable to visit in person.

“I Want You” (1917).
Artist: James Montgomery Flagg; Printer: Leslie-Judge Co., New York; Publisher: United States Army; Technique: Lithograph; Dimensions: 101 x 75 cm.
James Montgomery Flagg’s recruiting poster featuring Uncle Sam became iconic of the call to arms during World War I. Flagg originally created the image for a July 1916 cover of Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly . 1 Flagg was an early supporter of the Preparedness Movement. Over four million copies of the Uncle Sam poster were eventually printed. This particular poster was printed for use by the Albany, New York recruitment station located at 467 Broadway. Between April 1917 and November 1918, two million men volunteered for military service. New York State Library, Manuscripts and Special Collections.
1 . “The Most Famous Poster,” Ex