Unfinished Revolution , livre ebook

Marshall Cavendish International - Tjio Kayloe

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

260 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

The Unfinished Revolution is a superb new biography of Sun Yat-sen, whose life, like the confusion of his time, is not easy to interpret. His political career was marked mostly by setbacks, yet he became a cult figure in China after his death. Today he is the only 20th-century Chinese leader to be widely revered on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. In contrast, many Western historians see little in his ideas or deeds to warrant such high esteem. This book presents the most balanced account of Sun to date, one that situates him within the historical events and intellectual climate of his time. Born in the shadow of the Opium War, the young Sun saw China repeatedly humiliated in clashes with foreign powers, resulting in the loss of territory and sovereignty. When his efforts to petition the decrepit Manchu court to institute reforms failed, Sun took to revolution. Sun traversed the globe to canvass support for his cause. A notable feature of the book is its coverage of the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and their contributions to his uprisings on the mainland, which set the stage for the overthrow of two millennia of imperial rule in 1911. But Sun's vision of China was not to be. Within a few years the republic was hijacked and plunged into chaos. This fascinating and immensely readable work illuminates the man and his achievements, his strengths and his weaknesses, revealing how he came to spearhead the revolution that would transform his country and yet, at his death in 1925 and still today, remain agonizingly unfinished. "I've read at least 30 or 40 biographies of Sun Yat Sen in my life, so I was intrigued to find out what Kayloe had to say that's new. I was fascinated. He really tells the story afresh. Through a lively series of chapters that capture different phases of Sun's life and career, Kayloe tries to understand and to convey to us what made this remarkable man tick. A very readable book... I strongly recommend it." - Prof Wang Gungwu, Founding Chairman, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, and University Professor, National University of Singapore

Sujets

Lettres et linguistique

History of Asia

Informations

Publié par	Marshall Cavendish International
Date de parution	27 septembre 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9789814779678
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	7 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1000€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

I ve read at least 30 or 40 biographies of Sun Yat Sen in my life, so I was intrigued to find out what Kayloe had to say that s new. I was fascinated. He really tells the story afresh. Through a lively series of chapters that capture different phases of Sun s life and career, Kayloe tries to understand and to convey to us what made this remarkable man tick. A very readable book... I strongly recommend it.
- P ROFESSOR W ANG G UNGWU , Founding Chairman, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, and University Professor, National University of Singapore

2017 Tjio Kayloe
Published in 2017 by Marshall Cavendish Editions
An imprint of Marshall Cavendish International

All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Requests for permission should be addressed to the Publisher, Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited, 1 New Industrial Road, Singapore 536196. Tel: (65)6213 9300.
E-mail: genref@sg.marshallcavendish.com
Website: www.marshallcavendish.com/genref
The publisher makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents of this book, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose, and shall in no event be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
All photographs in this book, unless otherwise specified, are believed to be in the public domain. If you have additional information pertaining to the ownership of the photographs, please contact the publisher so that the relevant credit can be given.
Other Marshall Cavendish Offices:
Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 99 White Plains Road, Tarrytown NY 10591-9001, USA Marshall Cavendish International (Thailand) Co Ltd. 253 Asoke, 12th Flr, Sukhumvit 21 Road, Klongtoey Nua, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand Marshall Cavendish (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Times Subang, Lot 46, Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Batu Tiga, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Marshall Cavendish is a registered trademark of Times Publishing Limited
National Library Board, Singapore Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Names: Tjio, Kayloe.
Title: The Unfinished Revolution: Sun Yat-Sen and the Struggle for Modern China / Tjio Kayloe.
Description: Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions, 2017. |
Includes bibliography and index.
Identifiers: OCN 992165607 | e-ISBN: 978 981 4779 67 8
Subjects: LCSH: Sun, Yat-sen, 1866-1925. | Presidents-China-Biography. | China-History-1912-1928. | China-Politics and government-1912-1928. Classification: DDC 951.041092-dc23
Printed in Singapore by Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd
In memory of my father, Tjio Ie Tjhay, and my father-in-law, Louren o Lui Hac-Minh, two of the finest gentlemen from the Old Country, who did not live long enough to see the modernization of their fatherland but never wavered in their conviction that it would happen during my lifetime.
CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

Preface

Acknowledgements

Notes to Readers

Cast of Characters

Glossary

Prologue: Mandate Under Siege
CHAPTER 1
Hope of the Nation
CHAPTER 2
Baptism by Fire
CHAPTER 3
Man of High Purpose
CHAPTER 4
Coalition of the Unwilling
CHAPTER 5
The Turning Point
CHAPTER 6
A Marriage of Convenience
CHAPTER 7
The Nanyang Pivot
CHAPTER 8
Battle Cries for a Republic
CHAPTER 9
The Winter of Discontent
CHAPTER 10
The Spark that Started the Fire
CHAPTER 11
Betrayal of the Revolution
CHAPTER 12
Chaos Under Heaven
CHAPTER 13
Dances with Bears
CHAPTER 14
The Final Journey
CHAPTER 15
The Road to Purgatory
CHAPTER 16
The Man and His Legacy

Epilogue

Notes

Bibliography

Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Sun Yat-sen at 17 years old, 1883
2. Sir Ho Kai
3. Dr. James Cantlie
4. Sun with his Four Bandits friends, 1888
5. Li Hongzhang
6. Yang Quyun
7. Sun in San Francisco, 1896
8. Kang Youwei
9. Liang Qichao
10. Empress Dowager Cixi
11. Guangxu Emperor
12. Sun with his Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900
13. Yuan Shikai
14. Zhang Binglin
15. Huang Xing
16. Song Jiaoren
17. Hu Hanmin
18. Wang Jingwei
19. Sun with Tongmenghui Singapore founding members, 1906
20. Homer Lea
21. Sun with his son Sun Ke in Hawaii, 1910
22. Li Yuanhong
23. Official portrait of Sun as provisional president, 1912
24. Sun with Tang Shaoyi in Nanjing, 1912
25. Sun with Song Qingling in Tokyo, 1915
26. Chen Jiongming
27. Sun s former residence in the French Concession, Shanghai
28. Mikhail Borodin
29. Sun with Chiang Kai-shek at Huangpu Military Academy, 1924
30. Sun s burial at the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, 1929
31. Sun depicted with Lincoln on a U.S. postage stamp, 1942
32. Sun commemorated on a set of PRC postage stamps, 2016
MAPS
1. Xingzhonghui offices
2. Tongmenghui offices in Asia and America
3. The ten uprisings planned/organized by Sun Yat-sen, 1895-1911
4. 1911 Revolution: Independent provinces as of December 1911
PREFACE
I N O CTOBER 2013, during his state visit to Indonesia, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to fund infrastructural projects in Asia. He announced the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative in the same speech, which came a month after unveiling the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative during his visit to Central Asia. These pronouncements were greeted with anxiety by the United States, which saw them as part of a Chinese blueprint to expand her economic and geopolitical footprints in the Eurasian landmass and beyond. The U.S. expressed concern that the AIIB might compete with existing institutions, as well as compromise humanitarian and environmental standards in its pursuit of economic development. Nevertheless, 56 countries have joined the Chinese-led bank as of August 1, 2017, with another 24 in the pipeline. In spite of American pressure on her allies to stay out, Japan is the only major country that has not joined.
The AIIB opened for business on January 16, 2016. During its first year of operations, it made loans totaling US 1.7 billion to nine infrastructure projects in partnership with other international financial institutions, including the World Bank. More significantly, the AIIB adopted the best practices of these organizations and has been assigned the highest possible credit ratings by Fitch, Moody s and S P. America s fears have not been borne out.
The U.S. has her own reasons for not joining the AIIB, but the implication is quite different when she pressures her allies not to join. Suspicion is a divided highway. Many Chinese see the U.S. reaction as a throwback to the Cold War era, and the attempt to thwart the AIIB as part of a larger conspiracy to contain China and impede her rise. Support for better relations with the United States has been waning among increasing numbers of Chinese and threatens to derail a relationship that for more than 30 years has proved mutually beneficial and contributed to a more secure world.
Relations between China and the U.S. have been marred by mutual suspicion ever since the Communist Party of China assumed power on the Chinese mainland, continuing even after the end of the Cold War and extending up to the present day. A case in point is the incident that took place in Yugoslavia in 1999. On May 8, a U.S. B-2 stealth bomber shelled the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, killing three Chinese journalists. Most Americans believed it was an accident due to an old map, as claimed by U.S. officials. Contrastingly, virtually every Chinese believed it was deliberate; they found it inconceivable that technologically advanced America could make such a stupid mistake. Angry students took to the streets across China. In Beijing, crowds gathered and hurled insults, rocks and garbage at the U.S. Embassy. Western media assumed that the protests were orchestrated by the Chinese leadership to incite nationalistic fervor and divert attention away from domestic problems. This view became all the more convincing after it was discovered that the Chinese government had been busing student demonstrators to the U.S. Embassy.
The truth was very different. The Chinese authorities did transport the students to the U.S. Embassy, but the motivation was not to exacerbate the protest but rather to contain it. According to an insider, a member of the Politburo, Chinese leaders did not want masses of students marching across the capital vilifying the Chinese leadership for its weak response to the American outrage, and drawing others to join their cause, as happened in the Tiananmen Square incident ten years earlier almost to the month. The leaders wanted to give a measured response, one that was strong enough to placate the students but not so excessive as to hurt relations with the U.S. 1
Unlike the Soviet Union, which challenged the U.S. for global hegemony, China shows little interest in challenging the U.S., much less dominating the world. China needs many more decades of peace and stability to bring about a moderately prosperous society. There is no ideological conflict between China and the U.S., and while competition may be inevitable, conflict is not. Why then do so many Americans in the government, military and media harbor negative feelings about China? A big part is undoubtedly the realization that China is the only other country with the potential to be both a continental and maritime power. This, coupled with her rapidly growing economic clout, has Americans convinced that it is only a matter of time before China becomes a superpower, and a threat to the U.S. and the existing world order.
These concerns have been reinforced by China s