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On April 4, 1866, just as Alexander II stepped out of Saint Petersburg's Summer Garden and onto the boulevard, a young man named Dmitry Karakozov pulled out a pistol and shot at the tsar. He missed, but his "unheard-of act" changed the course of Russian history-and gave birth to the revolutionary political violence known as terrorism.Based on clues pulled out of the pockets of Karakozov's peasant disguise, investigators concluded that there had been a conspiracy so extensive as to have sprawled across the entirety of the Russian empire and the European continent. Karakozov was said to have been a member of "The Organization," a socialist network at the center of which sat a secret cell of suicide-assassins: "Hell." It is still unclear how much of this "conspiracy" theory was actually true, but of the thirty-six defendants who stood accused during what was Russia's first modern political trial, all but a few were exiled to Siberia, and Karakozov himself was publicly hanged on September 3, 1866. Because Karakozov was decidedly strange, sick, and suicidal, his failed act of political violence has long been relegated to a footnote of Russian history.In The Odd Man Karakozov, however, Claudia Verhoeven argues that it is precisely this neglected, exceptional case that sheds a new light on the origins of terrorism. The book not only demonstrates how the idea of terrorism first emerged from the reception of Karakozov's attack, but also, importantly, what was really at stake in this novel form of political violence, namely, the birth of a new, modern political subject. Along the way, in characterizing Karakozov's as an essentially modernist crime, Verhoeven traces how his act profoundly impacted Russian culture, including such touchstones as Repin's art and Dostoevsky's literature.By looking at the history that produced Karakozov and, in turn, the history that Karakozov produced, Verhoeven shows terrorism as a phenomenon inextricably linked to the foundations of the modern world: capitalism, enlightened law and scientific reason, ideology, technology, new media, and above all, people's participation in politics and in the making of history.

Sujets

Lettres et linguistique

USSR

Terrorism

Soviet Union

Russia

History of Europe

Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques

Russie

Informations

Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	15 janvier 2011
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9780801460289
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

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The Odd Man Karakozov

Imperial Russia, Modernity, and the Birth of Terrorism

Claudia Verhoeven

Cornell University Press Ithaca and London

All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For informa-tion, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2009 by Cornell University Press

Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Verhoeven, Claudia, 1972– The odd man Karakozov : Imperial Russia, modernity, and the birth of terrorism / Claudia Verhoeven. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-4652-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Karakozov, Dmitrii Vladimirovich, 1840–1866. 2. Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 1818–1881—Assassination attempt, 1866. 3. Terrorism—Russia—History—19th century. 4. Political violence—Russia—History—19th century. 5. Russia—History —Alexander II, 1855–1881. I. Title. DK219.6.K28V47 2009 947.081092—dc22 2008038072

Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally respon-sible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood ﬁbers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu.

Cloth printing

For Paul, Martine, Heleen, and Stas

For not only is an odd man “not always” a particular and isolated case, but, on the contrary, it sometimes happens that it is precisely he, per-haps, who bears within himself the heart of the whole, while the other people of his epoch have all for some reason been torn away from it for a time by some kind of ﬂooding wind.

Fyodor Dostoevsky,The Brothers Karamazov

Contents

Acknowledgments

Note on Transliteration, Translation, Dates, and Dramatis Personae

Introduction

1. From the Files of the Karakozov Case: The Virtual Birth of Terrorism

2. The Real Rakhmetov: The Image of the Revolutionary after Karakozov

3. “A Life for the Tsar”: Tsaricide in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

4. Raskolnikov, Karakozov, and the Etiology of a “New Word”

5.Armiak;or “So Many Things in an Overcoat!”

6. “Factual Propaganda,” an Autopsy; or, the Morbid Origins of April 4, 1866

7. The Head of the Tsaricide

Conclusion: The Point of April 4, 1866

104

128

150

174

viii

Appendixes

A. Dramatis Personae

Contents

B. Individuals Involved in the Investigation and Trials

C. The Karakozov Case, 1866 –Present: Sources and Historiography

List of Abbreviations

Notes

Bibliography

Index

181

185

188

193

195

219

227

Acknowledgments

Of all those who supported me in the writing of this book, I would like ﬁrst of all to thank three of my teachers. Irina Paperno inspired my pur-suit of nineteenth-century Russian history, David Sabean taught me how to become a historian, and Stephen P. Frank was a great and generous advisor. For their thoughtful comments on this work, I am very thankful to Pe-ter Baldwin, Victoria Frede, J. Arch Getty, Marcy Norton, Teo Ruiz, and especially Carlo Ginzburg. Additionally, two anonymous readers read an earlier version of this book for the press, and I thank them for their shrewd suggestions. At UCLA, of my graduate cohort, I would like to acknowledge Andrea Mansker, Kelly Maynard, Britta McEwen, Peter Park, Jared Poley, Courte-nay Raia, Patricia Tilburg, Gabriel Wolfenstein, and Amy Woodson-Boul-ton. For their insight and interest, my thanks also to the participants of the European History Colloquium and to the members of David Sabean’s seminars and reading groups, particularly Sung Choi, Sean Guillory, Ben Marschke, Dan Ryan, Tami Sarfatti, Daniela Saxer, Simon Teuscher, and Tamara Zwick. Hopefully David Sabean knows that when he opened his house for group dinners and discussion in the spring of 2003, he saved this work. In Russia, I thank for their magnanimous, patient assistance the staffs of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Histor-ical Archive, the State Historical Library, the Russian National Library, and the Russian State Library, and particularly Viktoria Zakirova, Irina

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Lettres et linguistique

USSR

Terrorism

Soviet Union

Russia

History of Europe

Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques

Russie

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