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Cornell University Press - Hoover Green Amelia

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273 pages

English

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Why do some military and rebel groups commit many types of violence, creating an impression of senseless chaos, whereas others carefully control violence against civilians? A classic catch-22 faces the leaders of armed groups and provides the title for Amelia Hoover Green's book. Leaders need large groups of people willing to kill and maim-but to do so only under strict control. How can commanders control violence when fighters who are not under direct supervision experience extraordinary stress, fear, and anger? The Commander's Dilemma argues that discipline is not enough in wartime. Restraint occurs when fighters know why they are fighting and believe in the cause-that is, when commanders invest in political education.Drawing on extraordinary evidence about state and nonstate groups in El Salvador, and extending her argument to the Mano River wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, Amelia Hoover Green shows that investments in political education can improve human rights outcomes even where rational incentives for restraint are weak-and that groups whose fighters lack a sense of purpose may engage in massive violence even where incentives for restraint are strong. Hoover Green concludes that high levels of violence against civilians should be considered a "default setting," not an aberration.

Sujets

Lettres et linguistique

Military administration

History of the Americas

Informations

Publié par	Cornell University Press
Date de parution	15 octobre 2018
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781501726484
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,7500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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THE COMMANDER’S DILEMMA

THECOMMANDER’S DILEMMA ViolenceandRestraintinWartime

CORNELLUNIVERSITYPRESS

AmeliaHooverGreen

ITHACA AND LONDON

Copyright © 2018 by Cornell University Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,thisbook,orparts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. Firstpublished2018byCornellUniversityPress

Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Names: Hoover Green, Amelia, author. Title: The commander’s dilemma : violence and restraint in wartime / Amelia Hoover Green. Description: Ithaca [New York] : Cornell University Press, 2018. | Based on the author’s thesis (Ph.D.)—Yale University, 2011. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018022560 (print) | LCCN 2018025452 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501726484 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501726491 (ret) | ISBN 9781501726477 | ISBN 9781501726477 (cloth ; alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Political violence—Psychological aspects. | Command of troops— Psychological aspects. | Civilians in war—Violence against. | Control (Psychology) | Political violence—El Salvador—History—20th century. | Political socialization—El Salvador—History—20th century. | Civilians in war—Violence against—El Salvador. | El Salvador—Politics and government—1979–1992. Classification: LCC JC328.6 (ebook) | LCC JC328.6 .H67 2018 (print) | DDC 355.3/3041—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018022560

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Contents

ListofTablesandFiguresAcknowledgmentsListofAbbreviations

Introduction:RepertoiresandRestraint1. The Commander’s Dilemma2. Civil War in El Salvador3. Comparing State and FMLN Institutions and Ideologies4. Institutions, Ideologies, and Combatant Experiences in FMLN Factions5. Violence and Restraint in the Salvadoran Civil War, 1980–926. The Commander’s Dilemma beyond El SalvadorConclusion:PoliciesforRestraint

AppendixNotesWorks CitedIndex

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ix xi xiii

1 25 59 79

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131 170 200

217 227 231 249

TablesandFigures

Tables0.1wraitemioersfoeviolencLredrtpeelevans1.1nosnadsnitutitgroupiArmedecnfienludemoofs1.2General empirical implications of the Commander’s Dilemma framework1.3Indicators of armedgroup and combatant characteristics3.1Formal education among FMLN and state recruits3.2Recollections of political education among FMLN and state recruits3.3Perceptions of discipline among FMLN and state excombatants5.1Lethal violence as reported by four datasets5.2Correlations between raw datasets and MSE estimates, by department (top rows) and year (bottom rows)5.3Repertoire elements as a proportion of total violence as reported by four datasets5.4Empirical implications of the Commander’s Dilemma and other approaches6.1Descriptive statistics: Three Mano River datasets6.2Probability of reporting sexual violence, given any report of violence by a group

Figures0.1Comparing PTS and SVAC scores for seventyfive civil wars1.1Costs of compliance over time, discipline versus political education1.2From individual lists to multiple systems estimation3.1Pages from the15 Principles

10 42

49 54 83

101 140

145

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151 195

197

45 52 92