Estrogen-Depression Connection , livre ebook

New Harbinger Publications - Karen Miller

Découvre YouScribe en t'inscrivant gratuitement

Je m'inscris

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

116 pages

English

Vous pourrez modifier la taille du texte de cet ouvrage

Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne
En savoir plus

A propos
Informations
Extrait

Description

Informations

Publié par	New Harbinger Publications
Date de parution	01 janvier 0001
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781608825103
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0678€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

the hidden link between hormones and women’s depression
Karen J. Miller and Steven A. Rogers
New Harbinger Publications, Inc. -->
Publisher’s Note
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents of the publication.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that any drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication may have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.
Distributed in Canada by Raincoast Books
Copyright © 2007 by Karen Miller and Steven Rogers
New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
5674 Shattuck Avenue
Oakland, CA 94609
www.newharbinger.com
Cover and text design by Amy Shoup; Acquired by Melissa Kirk; Edited by Elisabeth Beller
All Rights Reserved.
Epub ISBN: 9781608825103
The Library of Congress has Cataloged the Print Edition as:
Miller, Karen J.
The estrogen-depression connection : the hidden link between hormones and women’s depression / Karen J. Miller and Steven A. Rogers.
p. cm.
ISBN-13: 978-1-57224-483-2
ISBN-10: 1-57224-483-6
1. Menopause--Hormone therapy--Complications. 2. Estrogen--Physiological effect. I. Rogers, Steven A. II. Title.
RG186.E8893 2007
618.1’75061--dc22
2007005747
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1
Estrogen & the Female Brain
What Is Estrogen? • Estrogen & Early Brain Organization • Estrogen & the Brain After Birth • Other Biochemical Effects of Estrogen • Circadian Rhythms • Estrogen & Men • Conclusion
Chapter 2
Puberty
The Sad Truth • Puberty & the Emergence of Depression • Why the Rise in Depression in Women? • The Face of Adolescent Depression • Conclusion
Chapter 3
Premenstrual Syndrome & Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Sound Familiar? • What Is PMS? • Depression, PMS & PMDD • Why Depression Develops in PMS & PMDD • Conclusion
Chapter 4
Postnatal & Postpartum Depression
The Stigma of Postpartum Depression • Three Syndromes of Postpartum Depression • Why Does This Happen? • Conclusion
Chapter 5
The Three Stages of Menopause
Stages of Menopause • Perimenopausal Transition • Menopause & Postmenopause Transition • Symptoms of Menopause • The Blues: Depression & Menopause • Beyond the Definition & Numbers • Additional Risk Factors for Depression • Cognitive Changes During Menopause • Conclusion: Reframing Menopause
Chapter 6
Traditional Treatment Approaches
Choosing Hormone Replacement Therapy • Estrogen: Human & Synthetic • A Combination Approach • Choices • Male Hormones • An Alternative: Antidepressants • Seeking Treatment • Conclusion
Chapter 7
Impact of Traditional Treatment
Depressed Postmenopausal Women • An Experiment: Estrogen’s Link to Well-Being • An Observation: Estrogen’s Link to Well-Being • Summing It Up • Bottom Line • Impact on the Brain • Mood & Memory Connection • Real-Life Connections • Window of Opportunity • Misleading Information • Estrogen, Depression & Health • Additional Benefits of HRT • Conclusion
Chapter 8
Alternative Approaches to Hormone Replacement Therapy
Alternative Choices • Checking on Ellen • More of Eastern Medicine • Lifestyle Changes • Mind-Altering Approaches • Western Medicine Again: Symptom Specific • Additional Resources • Conclusion
Chapter 9
Conclusion
Accepting the Estrogen-Depression Connection • The Take-Home Message • Making It Personal • Conclusion: Destigmatizing Depression
References
Acknowledgments
First, I would like to thank Dr. Gary Small and Dr. Susan Bookheimer for countless opportunities to explore and expand my career in neuroscience. Their mentorship and modeling inspires me daily to be a better neuropsychologist. I am also thankful to Drs. Jarvik, Rasgon, and Bauer for the introduction into the world of hormones and their impact on the brain. My passion has been born, fueled, and inspired by these psychiatrists. Next I am thankful for my eighth-floor family at UCLA: Andrea, Debby, Linda, Prabha, Gwen, Tree, and Pauline, who have provided moral support over the years and countless stories about the impact of estrogen on real women. I am grateful to Dr. Jeanne Kim and her assistance with the reference list for this book. I am eternally thankful for the support and inspiration of my friends, clients, graduate students, and my family, especially John, Jean, and Jack, who have forgone many lazy Sundays in order for me to accomplish my career goals. Finally, I am most appreciative of my coauthor Dr. Steve Rogers, who has proven to be my dearest colleague and friend in this book-writing journey.
—Karen J. Miller, Ph.D.
The heart and soul of this book comes from my experience with female patients who have been gracious enough to share their stories and whose honesty has taught me more about estrogen and depression than I could learn from a textbook. They have helped me bridge the gender gap in ways I could not have imagined. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Nancy Vogt for teaching me what it means to truly listen, for helping me understand that theory is less important than presence, and for helping me to take what is fragmented in others and make it whole. I am deeply appreciative of Dr. Po Lu, who graciously provided space and encouragement for me to work on this project, despite needing help on several of his own. He has also provided unquestioning support and taught me a more holistic view of the person, where biology cannot be separated from psychology. I cannot thank my mom, nor my wife, Christina, enough for their love and sacrifice. My wife’s patience and encouragement is the stuff of fairy tales, and so much of her own blood and sweat has been mixed into my career that it has become truly impossible to differentiate her effort from mine. And most of all, I want to thank my amazing coauthor, Dr. Karen Miller. She is a supervisor who became a mentor who became one of my closest friends. She has shaped my life in ways she could never fully appreciate, and there is no one else I would want to share this journey with. For that, and for her, I am eternally grateful.
—Steven A. Rogers, Ph.D.
Foreword

Thanks to advances in medical technology, women are living longer than ever before in history. And with this increase in life expectancy comes a longer time period during which the average woman will live in an estrogen-deficient state.
The growing interest in the mental effects of estrogen probably stems in part from the increased number of postmenopausal women in our aging society. Emerging scientific evidence (Kawas et al. 1997; Small 1998) from basic laboratory research, epidemiologic studies, and clinical trials is beginning to clarify the interaction between brain estrogen and mental states, and the millions of postmenopausal women who must face decisions about their choices regarding estrogen exposure will benefit from this information.
In this volume, Drs. Miller and Rogers provide a much-needed account of one of the most interesting aspects of these interactions—the connection between estrogen and depression. Their approach offers a cutting-edge perspective on what we know and don’t know and translates the science into prose that will be accessible to a wide audience eager for accurate information.
Of course, any discussion of mood and aging also requires attention to cognition. As people age, they face an increased risk for memory loss and a variety of forms of cognitive impairment. Approximately 10 percent of women aged sixty-five and above experience cognitive decline that interferes with daily functioning (Small 2002). To complicate matters, older depressed women frequently complain about poor concentration, so clinicians often have difficulty differentiating a primary mood disorder from a cognitive one in late life.
Estrogen may mediate cognitive changes associated with aging. Studies of brain structures involved in memory show that estrogen facilitates the memory process by promoting better brain cell (neuron) activity. This promotion occurs because estrogen increases the communication between neurons, which is called long-term potentiation and neuronal transmission . Estrogen also improves the overall efficiency of the brain by augmenting cerebral blood flow and metabolism, as well as promoting cholinergic neurons. All of these are critical to normal cognitive functioning and have been observed to decline in people with dementia, suggesting that estrogen might be important in protecting the brain. Estrogen may also have an important impact on a person’s brain and overall health because it modulates inflammation, genetics (apolipoprotein E), and the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein, all of which influence cognitive functioning. Although some epidemiological studies have suggested that estrogen supplementation might protect a woman from Alzheimer’s disease, clinical trials have not substantiated this link as yet.
A variety of mechanisms may also explain estrogen effects on mood (Schneider et al. 1997). Estrogen decreases certain recepto