Summary of Sinan Aral's The Hype Machine , livre ebook

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49 pages

English

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Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.
Sample Book Insights:
#1 The Hype Machine is a machine that connects us in a worldwide communication network, exchanging trillions of messages a day. It was designed to stimulate our neurological impulses and draw us in, but it also persuades us to change how we shop, vote, and exercise.
#2 The debate about what happened in Crimea continues today. Russia denies it was an annexation, while many consider it a hostile encroachment by a foreign power. In just ten days, the region was flipped from one sovereignty to another with hardly any noise.
#3 The information operation in Crimea was extremely sophisticated, and social media was essential in framing the reality of what happened there. If this was an annexation, NATO would have to respond. But if this was an accession, overwhelmingly supported by the Crimean people, intervention would be harder to justify.
#4 I had to take a detour to explain how I understand the events that transpired in Ukraine. In 2016, I was working on a research project with my colleagues Soroush Vosoughi and Deb Roy at MIT, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the spread of fake news online. We found that false news diffused significantly farther, faster, deeper, and more broadly than the truth.

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Vente

Marketing stratégique

Consumer Behavior

Gestion des ventes

Informations

Publié par	Everest Media LLC
Date de parution	01 avril 2022
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781669376309
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0150€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

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Insights on Sinan Aral's The Hype Machine
Contents Insights from Chapter 1 Insights from Chapter 2 Insights from Chapter 3 Insights from Chapter 4 Insights from Chapter 5 Insights from Chapter 6 Insights from Chapter 7 Insights from Chapter 8 Insights from Chapter 9 Insights from Chapter 10 Insights from Chapter 11 Insights from Chapter 12
Insights from Chapter 1

#1

The Hype Machine is a machine that connects us in a worldwide communication network, exchanging trillions of messages a day. It was designed to stimulate our neurological impulses and draw us in, but it also persuades us to change how we shop, vote, and exercise.

#2

The debate about what happened in Crimea continues today. Russia denies it was an annexation, while many consider it a hostile encroachment by a foreign power. In just ten days, the region was flipped from one sovereignty to another with hardly any noise.

#3

The information operation in Crimea was extremely sophisticated, and social media was essential in framing the reality of what happened there. If this was an annexation, NATO would have to respond. But if this was an accession, overwhelmingly supported by the Crimean people, intervention would be harder to justify.

#4

I had to take a detour to explain how I understand the events that transpired in Ukraine. In 2016, I was working on a research project with my colleagues Soroush Vosoughi and Deb Roy at MIT, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the spread of fake news online. We found that false news diffused significantly farther, faster, deeper, and more broadly than the truth.

#5

A single, clear spike in the spread of stories that contained partially true and partially false information occurred in February to March 2014, corresponding to the Russian annexation of Crimea.

#6

On May 14, 2014, Mark Zuckerberg’s thirtieth birthday, a user from Israel asked him to intervene against state-sponsored Russian information warfare in Ukraine. Zuckerberg said he would, but only vaguely. The information war in Ukraine was far more complex and consequential than Zuckerberg let on.

#7

Dr. Rozovskiy was a fake, and his post was created the day before his post. He was parroting the Russian foreign minister nearly word for word. The most popular mixed news story circulating on Twitter during the Crimean annexation was about Jews in eastern Ukraine being given leaflets ordering them to register as Jews or face deportation.

#8

The New Social Age is characterized by the influx of digital social signals that are injected into our lives and the remaking of the human social network through these signals.

#9

We have been overwhelmed by a tidal wave of books, documentaries, and studies about social media’s impact, but they lack rigor and generalizability. We must develop a rigorous scientific understanding of how social media affects us, and then use that information to steer the ship away from the impending rocks.

#10

Achieving the promise of the New Social Age will require us all to think carefully about how we approach our new social order. We will need to utilize the four levers available to us: the money created by their business models, the code that governs social platforms, the norms we develop in using these systems, and the laws we write to regulate their market failures.

#11

I am a scientist, entrepreneur, and investor. I am a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where I direct the Initiative on the Digital Economy and the Social Analytics Lab. I earned my PhD at MIT and completed my master’s degrees at the London School of Economics and at Harvard.

#12

I have been studying the New Social Age, which is the changing way we interact with technology, and the impacts it has on our lives. New technologies and new modes of communication not only change the production and dissemination of information, but also record information about human interaction with incredible precision and detail.

#13

I have been an entrepreneur and chief scientist of multiple companies, with one foot in academia and the other at the forefront of the entrepreneurial development of these new technologies. I have studied the inner workings of the Hype Machine and participated in its development.

#14

As an investor, you should be focused on the forest rather than the trees. The most consequential decisions of the New Social Age are still to come.

#15

I will explore the science of how the Hype Machine works and how it affects our politics, businesses, and relationships. I will also explore how we can achieve its promise while avoiding its peril.

#16

The last three years have seen front-page stories about Facebook, Twitter, and the rest of social media’s lack of transparency; their contribution to political polarization; their promotion of hate speech, racism, and the degradation of discourse; and their impact on elections.

#17

Social media can be used to foster a transparent, democratic society, or it can be used to erect a polarized, authoritarian police state. We are at a crossroads, caught between the promise and the peril, as the system’s design is debated worldwide.
Insights from Chapter 2

#1

The market opened on April 23, 2013. Two explosions in the White House were reported via Twitter, but they were fake news propagated by Syrian hackers. The market fell suddenly by nearly 200 points, wiping out $139 billion in equity value in seconds.

#2

Social media has created a new method of spreading fake news, which is to twist real world events and information, and then spread it fast. This pattern of fake news distorting real world information and spreading faster than the truth can have significant economic and social consequences.

#3

The company Galena Biopharma, which was a client of the fake news factory Lidingo, experienced a dramatic increase in its stock price between August 2013 and February 2014.

#4

The researchers were able to link the dissemination of fake news to stock price movements over time. The publication of fake news was strongly correlated with increased trading volume, and the effects were more pronounced for smaller firms and for firms with a greater percentage of retail investors.

#5

The Mueller report details how Russia used the Hype Machine to attack American democracy and manipulate the results of the 2016 presidential election. They used fake accounts on social media to spread misinformation, and they did it well ahead of the election.

#6

The Great Hack of 2016 is when Russian disinformation was spread online in an attempt to change the outcome of the 2016 U. S. presidential election. But to assess whether it changed the outcome, we must also ask whether the reach, scope, and targeting of Russian interference was sufficient to change the result.

#7

During the 2016 election, Russian fake news reached at least 76 million people on Instagram and 187 million on Twitter. It reached at least 20 million people on Facebook and was even more effective there, amassing at least 187 million likes, comments, and other reactions.

#8

The 20 percent of Americans with the most conservative news diets were responsible for 62 percent of visits to fake news websites. The 1 percent of registered voters who consumed 80 percent of the fake news were also highly concentrated.

#9

Russia’s misinformation campaign targeted voters in swing states like Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. The Oxford Internet Institute analyzed over 22 million tweets containing political hashtags shared in the week before the election, and they found that 12 of 16 swing states were above the average amount of Russian fake news.

#10

However, even if fake news was preaching to the choir, this does not explain why more moderate Clinton supporters and undecided voters would visit and read pro-Trump fake news stories. Could their exposure to fake news have persuaded them to vote for Trump or not vote at all.

#11

There are only two studies that link social media exposure to voting, and they both found that social media messages can significantly increase voter turnout. However, the effects of these messages on vote choice in general elections are small.

#12

Social media manipulation does not have to change our vote choices to influence an election. It could be enough to change overall election results, and recent evidence suggests that targeted messaging can affect voter turnout.

#13

The threat of election manipulation in 2020 is even higher due to the chaos caused by the coronavirus pandemic. With uncertainty around the viability of in-person voting, questions about voting by mail, and calls to delay the ele