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164 pages

English

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Comprehensive guide for designing AI companions. Everything you need to know from understanding your user’s needs to designing engaging and delightful interactions.
Designing AI companions can be a daunting task. In this comprehensive guide, you will find everything you need to know about designing AI companions. From understanding your user’s needs to designing engaging personalities and delightful interactions.
The book highlights the research and user testing outcomes as best practices for reducing the complexity of technology and creating trustful connections between human and artificial intelligence. It will help and guide everyone, who is interested in designing new experiences, products, or services with artificial intelligence to design companions that are both personable and helpful by understanding the expressions of emotions and empathy with psychological, cognitive, and social theories.

Sujets

Human-Computer Interaction

Computers

Informatique

Artificial Intelligence

Informations

Publié par	iUniverse
Date de parution	17 avril 2023
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781663243508
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

DESIGNING AI COMPANIONS

How to Create Empathetic AI Experiences

CANSU HIZLI

DESIGNING AI COMPANIONS
How To Create Empathetic Ai Experiences

Copyright © 2023 Cansu Hizli.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the author except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

iUniverse
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Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.
Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.

ISBN: 978-1-6632-4348-5 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-6632-4349-2 (hc)
ISBN: 978-1-6632-4350-8 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2022914131

iUniverse rev. date: 03/30/2023

Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction

1. Emotions and Power of Empathy
Expressions of Emotion
Theories of Emotion
Emotional Responses
Empathy
What Is Empathy?
Cognitive and Emotional Empathy
Experience of Narrative Empathy
Perceiving Empathy in Artificial Agents
2. Affective Computing
Emotional Intelligence
Theories of EI
Verbal and Nonverbal Intelligence
Emotional Disorders
3. Shared Consequences
Relationships between Humans
The Big Five Model
Myers-Briggs Personality Theory
Jungian Archetypes
Building Trust
Relationship between Human and Machine
Perceiving Mind and Creating Empathy
Relationship between Human and Other Life Forms
4. Theories: Need a Relationship with Objects
Activity Theory
Postcognitivist Theory
Actor-Network Theory
Theory of User Interfaces
Gulf of Evaluation and Execution
Aaker’s Brand Personality
Hook Model
5. Design Involvement in AI
Human Is Design, Design Is Emotions
Designing Products with EI
Reshaping User Experiences
6. Empathetic Companions
AI Is Not a Tool; It Is a Design Material
Missing Emotional Connections and Empathy
Making Memories
Case Studies
Social Interface Microsoft Bob
Jibo: A Social Robot
Olly, Emotech
Riot AI: Interactive Digital Experience, Sensory Storytelling
A Space for Being by Google: A Multiroom Experience to Feel More
Maslo: Empathetic Companion
7. Methodology
The Preexperimental Phase of Research
True-Experimental Phase of Research
The Framework of Personality
A Profound Understanding of the Users and Their Needs
Iteration 1: Design Process
Iteration 2: Design Process
Iteration 3: Design Process
8. Experimental Testing Results
Preexperimental Results
Survey Results
True-Experimental Testing Results
Results of Iteration 1
Ideation of First Outcomes and Next Design Implementation
Results of Iteration 2
Ideation of Second Outcomes and the Next Design Implementation
Results of Iteration 3

Discussion
Conclusion
Future Research
End Note
Testimonials

References

Journals
Books
Blog Posts
Online Magazines
Online Resources
Interviews
Archive Papers
Conference Proceedings
Report
Online Images and Videos

Acknowledgments
I would like to thank the following persons who helped me a lot during my work on my master’s degree and events that help me to grow.
Hey, Maslo, Ross Ingram, and Russell Foltz-Smith, amazing people I had the chance to meet during my research. They gave me the possibility to discover more about this topic and supported me from thousands of miles away. I am really thankful to discuss with you empathetic companions and expand my knowledge about empathic computing. My book arrived at this point thanks to your amazing ideas and hard work. I believe that Maslo will change our perspectives to release our inner he roes!
My colleagues at Maslo! You are the most amazing people that I have ever met and worked with. Thank you for pushing the limits to be an expert in the field. I am so grateful for all your support to bring this dream to a life.
Professor Margherita Pillan, course coordinator of MSc. Digital and Interaction Design of Politecnico di Milano, thank you for giving me a chance to join the master’s program and improve my knowledge for my future ca reer.
To my supervisor, Davide Spallazzo, I want to thank you not only for the research process but also for my overall MSc. journey at the Politecnico di Milano. You were always kind and supportive, and I learned a lot from you. Together we made discoveries in the process, and thanks to this exploratory journey, I have completed my research. There was always room for me to discuss my ideas with all my excitement. I am so grateful for this and for many other reasons. I could not have made it without you.
Riccardo, whatever I am writing for you will be never enough. My greatest support, my motivator, my magician, and an emotional hero in my life. You gave me the courage to realize my endless excitement, and I learned again how to build dreams and believe in them. You are an amazing companion and love in my everyday life.
My amazing and crazy family, thank you so much for your emotional support. You always believed in me under any conditions. It was a hard journey to be away from home, from you. I challenged myself with many difficulties, but you were always there with all of your love. Thank you for always being crazy, lovely, and suppor tive.
Melisa , an idol and a friend with whom I shared a home in Italy with all the challenges. You, with your unbelievable ideas and endless curiosity, are one of the pillars on this journey who made me excited to select this path in my career. Thank you for everyt hing.
Friends support each other. I learned that this is so true. A big thank-you to all my friends who made my days in Italy and Turkey ama zing.
Thank you with all of my h eart!

Preface
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing, becoming more prominent in our lives. People mostly prefer to use virtual assistants to reduce the complexity of their daily basis and make the process faster to directly reach the desired result. Smart artificial assistants already have the potential to make someone’s life easier, but at the same time, they are not active devices as might be expected. In addition to that, with the increase in the use of these intelligent devices, many problems have occurred related to trust. According to a new report from Microsoft based on consumer adoption of voices and virtual agents, 41 percent of voice-assisting users were concerned with trust, confidentiality, and passive listening (Olson & Kemery, 2019). Researchers are focusing on emotional intelligence and empathy in AI agents to make these assistants more like personal companions and better able to establish more trustful interactions. Along with empathy, relationships between human and the machine will be redesigned in more transparent and trustworthy ways by reducing the complexity of technology. It will be possible to create more personal, emotional, and empathetic experiences that have an impact on individuals, improving their self-growth, awareness, and cou rage.
The aim of this research is to understand the expressions of emotions and empathy as they relate to psychological, cognitive, and social theories; emotional intelligence in terms of personal and social competence; interactions between humans and machines; the role of design in AI and empathetic companions to build trustful companionships and interactions with digital prod ucts.

Introduction
AI is a powerful science to help people with their basic needs and to create new experiences. Today, AI is used in many fields as a tool to shape someone’s actions and reach the expected goals in the easiest possible way (Holbrook, 2017). One needs to take care of a machine's intentions, aims, and competences to know its limitations, understand the machine’s abilities, and communicate with the machine in a better way (Bodegraven, 2019). On the other hand, with emotional intelligence, machines will have the possibilities to comprehend users’ goals, motivations, and pain points. Making AI more human-centered will create room for intelligent agents to manage the unpredictable situations in a better way, which means that in time, the machine will learn from the user, and the user will learn from the mac hine.
Virtual personal assistants are probably most likely to see AI in the shape of the interactions to reflect human behaviors, like smart speakers, as conversational AI and domestic robots. According to TechCrunch, in 2018, the smart-voice AI industry was a crucial landmark with nearly 41 percent of US consumers owning an activated voice speaker, a growth of 21.5 percent over 2017 (Perez, 2018). These intelligent agents already h