Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950-2016 , livre ebook

Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan & Claypool Publishers - William Aspray , W. Richards Adrion , Peter A. Freeman

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293 pages

English

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Description

This organizational history relates the role of the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the development of modern computing.

Drawing upon new and existing oral histories, extensive use of NSF documents, and the experience of two of the authors as senior managers, this book describes how NSF’s programmatic activities originated and evolved to become the primary source of funding for fundamental research in computing and information technologies.

The book traces how NSF's support has provided facilities and education for computing usage by all scientific disciplines, aided in institution and professional community building, supported fundamental research in computer science and allied disciplines, and led the efforts to broaden participation in computing by all segments of society.

Today, the research and infrastructure facilitated by NSF computing programs are significant economic drivers of American society and industry. For example, NSF supported work that led to the first widely-used web browser, Netscape; sponsored the creation of algorithms at the core of the Google search engine; facilitated the growth of the public Internet; and funded research on the scientific basis for countless other applications and technologies. NSF has advanced the development of human capital and ideas for future advances in computing and its applications.

This account is the first comprehensive coverage of NSF's role in the extraordinary growth and expansion of modern computing and its use. It will appeal to historians of computing, policy makers and leaders in government and academia, and individuals interested in the history and development of computing and the NSF.

Preface

PART I CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY
- 1950-1974: Science Information, Computing Facilities, Education, and Basic Research
- 1974-1986: CER, CSNET, NSFNET, and the Founding of CISE
- 1986-1998: The New Directorate in a Period of Computer Science Expansion
- 1999-2006: Broadening Computer Science with New Initiatives
- 2007-2016: The Growing Centrality of CISE to NSF

PART II SELECTED SUBJECT STUDIES
- Pre-CISE Computing Facilities and Education Programs
- Pre-CISE Computing Research
- Information Technology Research
- Networking Research and Deployment
- NSF Support of High-Performance Computation
- CISE's Role in Broadening Participation in Computing
- What Does an AD/CISE Do?

PART III SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- Summary and Conclusions

APPENDIXES
- Computing Organizations at NSF

Sujets

Computer Science

Computers

Informatique

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Publié par	Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Date de parution	21 novembre 2019
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781450372756
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	5 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1598€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950–2016
ACM Books
Editor in Chief
Sanjiva Prasad, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
ACM Books is a new series of high-quality books for the computer science community, published by ACM in collaboration with Morgan & Claypool Publishers. ACM Books publications are widely distributed in both print and digital formats through booksellers and to libraries (and library consortia) and individual ACM members via the ACM Digital Library platform.
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Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950–2016
Building a Foundation for Modern Computing
Peter A. Freeman
Georgia Institute of Technology
W. Richards Adrion
University of Massachusetts Amherst
William Aspray
University of Colorado Boulder
ACM Books #31
Copyright © 2019 by Association for Computing Machinery
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations in printed reviews—without the prior permission of the publisher.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which the Association for Computing Machinery is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration.
Computing and the National Science Foundation, 1950–2016: Building a Foundation for Modern Computing
Peter A. Freeman, W. Richards Adrion, William Aspray
books.acm.org
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7274-9 eBook
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7275-6 EPUB
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7276-3 paperback
ISBN: 978-1-4503-7277-0 hardcover
Series ISSN: 2374-6769 print 2374-6777 electronic
DOIs:
10.1145/3336323 Book
10.1145/3336323.3336332 Chapter 8
10.1145/3336323.3336324 Front Matter
10.1145/3336323.3336333 Chapter 9
10.1145/3336323.3336326 Chapter 1
10.1145/3336323.3336334 Chapter 10
10.1145/3336323.3336326 Chapter 2
10.1145/3336323.3336335 Chapter 11
10.1145/3336323.3336327 Chapter 3
10.1145/3336323.3336336 Chapter 12
10.1145/3336323.3336328 Chapter 4
10.1145/3336323.3336337 Chapter 13
10.1145/3336323.3336329 Chapter 5
10.1145/3336323.3336338 Appendixes
10.1145/3336323.3336330 Chapter 6
10.1145/3336323.3336339 Index/Bios
10.1145/3336323.3336331 Chapter 7
A publication in the ACM Books series, #31 Editor in Chief: Sanjiva Prasad, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Founding Editor: M. Tamer Özsu, University of Waterloo Area Editor: Thomas Misa, University of Minnesota
This book was typeset in Arnhem Pro 10/14 and Flama using ZzT E X.
First Edition
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
We dedicate this book to the thousands of NSF employees, past and present, and the hundreds of thousands of investigators, graduate students, educators, and reviewers who built and sustained what is often called the “gold standard” of peer-reviewed fundamental scientific research.
Contents
Preface
PART I CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY
Chapter 1 1950–1974: Science Information, Computing Facilities, Education, and Basic Research
W. Richards Adrion
1.1 Science Information—1950s to 1980s
1.2 Filling the Demand for Computing Infrastructure
1.3 Computers in Education
1.4 Finding a Home for Computer Science Research
1.5 Summary and Conclusions
Notes
Chapter 2 1974–1986: CER, CSNET, NSFNET, and the Founding of CISE
W. Richards Adrion
2.1 My Background and Perspective on the 1974–86 Period
2.2 Making the Case for NSF’s Computing Research Programs
2.3 The Importance of Computing Research and Infrastructure to the Nation
2.4 Computing and Information Research in NSF, 1974–1978
2.5 Funding the Innovators in Computer Science
2.6 Facilities
2.7 Cryptography and Interactions with the National Security Agency
2.8 The Computer Science Section, 1979–1984
2.9 Addressing the Need for Academic Experimental Computer Science
2.10 CSNET
2.11 The Office of Advanced Scientific Computing and NSFNET
2.12 The Beginning of CISE
2.13 Summary and Conclusions
Notes
Chapter 3 1986–1998: The New Directorate in a Period of Computer Science Expansion
Peter A. Freeman
3.1 Initial Structure and Leadership of CISE: 1986–1987
3.2 Organizational Initiation
3.3 Initial A