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Description

Brazil is the world's sixth largest economy, has played a key role as one of the 'pink wave' administrations in Latin America, and was also responsible for wrecking the US-sponsored proposal for a Free Trade Area of the Americas. It is also one of the few large countries where social spending has risen and the distribution of income has improved in the last thirty years.

However, as protests during the World Cup in 2014 have shown, the country remains highly unequal, unmet social needs are vast and its infrastructure is precarious.

Alfredo Saad-Filho and Lecio Morais review the paradox that is modern-day Brazil. Focusing on the period from 1980 onwards, they analyse the tensions between the two systemic transitions to have dominated the country: the political transition from military rule to democracy, and to neoliberalism. The authors show how these transitions had contradictory logics and dynamics, yet ultimately became mutually supportive as they unfolded and intertwined.
Tables and Figures

Acknowledgements

Acronyms

Presidents of Brazil, 1930-2017

Preface

Introduction

1. A Troubled Path to Development

2. Building a Fragile Democracy

3. Inflation Stabilisation and the Transition to Neoliberalism

4. Impacts of Neoliberalism

5. Neoliberalism under the Workers’ Party

6. Developmental Neoliberalism and the PT

7. From Glory to Disaster

8. Class and Class Politics in Brazilian Neoliberalism

9. From the Confluence of Dissatisfactions to the Restoration of Neoliberalism

Conclusion: Crisis of Neoliberalism, Crisis of Democracy

Notes

References

Index

Sujets

Political Ideologies

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Lula

Post-war

Macroeconomics

Economics

Capitalism

Dilma Rousseff

BRIC

Business

Brazil

Democracy

Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Informations

Publié par	Pluto Press
Date de parution	20 décembre 2017
Nombre de lectures	0
EAN13	9781783717866
Langue	English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1248€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Brazil
Brazil
Neoliberalism Versus Democracy
Alfredo Saad-Filho and Lecio Morais
First published 2018 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
www.plutobooks.com
Copyright Alfredo Saad-Filho and Lecio Morais 2018
The right of Alfredo Saad-Filho and Lecio Morais to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 0 7453 3675 6 Hardback
ISBN 978 0 7453 3670 1 Paperback
ISBN 978 1 7837 1785 9 PDF eBook
ISBN 978 1 7837 1787 3 Kindle eBook
ISBN 978 1 7837 1786 6 EPUB eBook

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental standards of the country of origin.
Typeset by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England
Simultaneously printed in the United Kingdom and United States of America
Contents
Tables and Figures
Acknowledgements
Acronyms
Presidents of Brazil, 1930-2017
Preface
Introduction
Overview
Method and Analytical Framework
Systems of Accumulation in Brazil
Structure of the Book
1. A Troubled Path to Development
Overview
ISI in Brazil
Political Structures of ISI
A Developmental Dictatorship
Creeping Hyperinflation
Distribution and Stabilisation
Summary and Conclusion
2. Building a Fragile Democracy
Overview
The Transition to Democracy
Late Social Democracy, Late Welfare State
PT Rising
The Workers Party Grows - and Changes
Summary and Conclusion
3. Inflation Stabilisation and the Transition to Neoliberalism
Overview
Neoliberalism in Brazil
The Real Plan
The Real Plan Unravels
Mature Neoliberalism
Summary and Conclusion
4. Impacts of Neoliberalism
Overview
The New Industrial Structure
A New Pattern of Employment
Limitations of Neoliberalism
Summary and Conclusion
5. Neoliberalism under the Workers Party
Overview
Running to Win: The Alliance of Losers
Embracing Neoliberalism
Enforcing Neoliberalism
Lula Hits the Buffers
Summary and Conclusion
6. Developmental Neoliberalism and the PT
Overview
The Hour of Neodevelopmentalism
The Alliance of Winners
Developmental Neoliberalism in Practice
Distributional Gains
The Bolsa Fam lia Programme
Summary and Conclusion
7. From Glory to Disaster
Overview
Developmental Neoliberalism under Dilma Rousseff
Monetary Policy
Transport, Energy, Tax
The External Sector
The Wheels Fall Off
Developmental Neoliberalism: A Reckoning
Summary and Conclusion
8. Class and Class Politics in Brazilian Neoliberalism
Overview
The Bourgeoisie
The Formal Working Class
The Informal Working Class
The Middle Class
Breakdown
The Lumpenisation of Politics
Summary and Conclusion
9. From the Confluence of Dissatisfactions to the Restoration of Neoliberalism
Overview
The Workers Party Courts Political Corruption
Corruption and the Middle Class
The Alliance of Privilege
The Lava Jato Operation
D nouement: Impeachment and the Debacle of the PT
Summary and Conclusion
Conclusion: Crisis of Neoliberalism, Crisis of Democracy
Limitations of Neoliberalism, Limitations of Democracy
Contradictions of the Workers Party
The Journey Thus Far
Notes
References
Index
Tables and Figures
Tables
1.1 Growth rates of production and exports, 1964-74
1.2 Share of labour income in national income
4.1 Share of imports in manufacturing value added, 1993 and 1996
6.1 Distribution of the workforce, 1940, 1980 and 2000
6.2 Net new employment creation
6.3 Distribution of wages
7.1 Balance of payments, 1999-2016
Figures
1.1 Inflation, annualised monthly rate, 1973-2016
1.2 Inflation, annual rate and trend, January 1973 - March 1986
1.3 Gini coefficient of concentration of income, 1976-2014
3.1 Nominal exchange rate R /US and real effective exchange rate
5.1 Terms of trade, 1967-2016 (annual average)
7.1 Real GDP growth rate, 1962-2015 (per cent per annum)
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to many friends, colleagues and students who have generously contributed to our understanding of Brazil. Special thanks are due to Alice Kinghorn-Gray, Armando Boito, Ben Fine, Bruno H fig, Charlotte H bner, Juan Grigera, Leda Paulani, Lucas Bertholdi-Saad, Maria de Lourdes Rollemberg Mollo, Neil Coleman, Pedro Loureiro, Sam Gindin and Sila Demirors for their helpful comments and suggestions. Lena Lavinas read the entire manuscript and offered detailed comments, for which we are immensely grateful.
We are indebted to Anne Beech for her continuing support for the publication of this book.
Acronyms
ARENA
Alian a Renovadora Nacional (National Renewal Alliance).
BA
Bureaucratic-authoritarian state or political regime.
BNDE
Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econ mico (National Bank of Economic Development).
BNDES
Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econ mico e Social (National Bank of Economic and Social Development).
BPC
Benef cio de Presta o Continuada (benefit paid to the elderly and disabled).
BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
CBA
Comit Brasileiro pela Anistia (Brazilian Committee for Amnesty).
CCTs
Conditional cash transfer programmes.
CEO
Chief executive officer.
Cofins
Contribui o sobre o Faturamento das Empresas (Contribution on Company Revenues).
CPMF
Contribui o Provis ria sobre Movimenta es Financeiras (Provisional Contribution on Financial Transactions).
CSLL
Contribui o sobre o Lucro L quido (Contribution on Net Profits).
CUT
Central nica dos Trabalhadores (Confederation of Trade Unions linked to the PT).
DIEESE
Departamento Intersindical de Estat stica e Estudos Socio-economicos (Joint Trade Union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies).
DPD
Domestic public debt.
FDI
Foreign direct investment.
FIESP
Federa o das Ind strias do Estado de S o Paulo (Industrial Federation of the State of S o Paulo).
FSE
Fundo Social de Emerg ncia (Social Emergency Fund).
GDP
Gross domestic product.
IBGE
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat stica (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).
IMF
International Monetary Fund.
ISI
Import-substituting industrialisation.
LRF
Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (Fiscal Responsibility Law).
M As
Mergers and acquisitions.
MBA
Movimento Brasileiro pela Anistia (Brazilian Movement for Amnesty).
MCMV
Minha Casa Minha Vida (My Home My Life housing programme).
MCV
Movimento Custo de Vida (Movement Cost of Living).
MDB
Movimento Democr tico Brasileiro (Brazilian Democratic Movement).
MFA
Movimento Feminino pela Anistia (Women s Movement for Amnesty).
MPL
Movimento Passe Livre (Free Fare Movement).
MST
Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Landless Peasants Movement).
NEM
Nova Matriz Econ mica (New Economic Matrix).
NGO
Non-governmental organisation.
OECD
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
PAC
Programa de Acelera o do Crescimento (Growth Acceleration Programme).
PBF
Programa Bolsa Fam lia (Family Grant Programme).
PCB
Partido Comunista Brasileiro (Brazilian Communist Party).
PCdoB
Partido Comunista do Brasil (Communist Party of Brazil).
PCO
Partido da Causa Oper ria (Party of the Workers Platform).
PDT
Partido Democr tico Trabalhista (Democratic Labour Party).
PGR
Procuradoria Geral da Rep blica (Attorney General s Office).
PIL
Plano de Investimento em Log stica (Plan of Investment in Logistics).
PL
Partido Liberal (Liberal Party).
PMDB
Partido do Movimento Democr tico Brasileiro (Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement).
PND
Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (National Development Plan).
PSB
Partido Socialista Brasileiro (Brazilian Socialist Party).
PSDB
Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (Brazilian Social Democratic Party).
PSOL
Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (Socialism and Freedom Party).
PSTU
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado (Unified Workers Socialist Party).
PT
Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers Party).
QE
Quantitative easing.
SoA
System of accumulation.
SOE
State-owned enterprise.
SUS
Sistema nico de Sa de (National Health System).
TNC
Transnational company.
UK
United Kingdom.
URV
Unidade Real de Valor (Unit of Real Value).
US
United States.
USA
United States of America.
USSR
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
WTO
World Trade Organisation.
Presidents of Brazil, 1930-2017
Get lio Vargas (3 November 1930 - 29 October 1945)
Jos Linhares (29 October 1945 - 21 January 1946)
Eurico Dutra (21 January 1946 - 31 January 1951)
Get lio Vargas (31 January 1951 - 24 August 1954)
Caf Filho (24 August 1954 - 8 November 1955)
Carlos Luz (8 November 1955 - 11 November 1955)
Nereu Ramos (11 November 1955 - 31 January 1956)
Juscelino Kubitschek (31 January 1956 - 31 January 1961)
J nio Quadros (31 January 1961 - 25 August 1961)
Ranieri Mazzilli (25 August 1961 - 7 September 1961)
Jo o Goulart (7 September 1961 - 2 April 1964)
Ranieri Mazzilli (2 April 1964 - 15 April 1964)
Humberto Castelo Branco (15 April 1964 - 15 March 1967)
Artur da Costa e Silva (15 March 1967 - 31 August 1969)
Military Junta (31 August 1969 - 30 October 1969)
Emilio Garrastazu M dici (30 October 1969 - 15 March 1974)
Ernesto Geisel (15 March 1974 - 15 March 1979)
Jo o Figueiredo (15 March 1979 - 15 March 1985)
Jos Sarney (15 March 1985 - 15 March 1990)
Fernando Collor (15 March 1990 - 29 December 1992)
Itamar Franco (29 December 1992 - 1 January 1995)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1 January 1995 - 1 January 2003)
Luiz In cio Lula da Silva (1 January 2003 - 1 January 2011)
Dilma Rousseff (1 January 2011 - 31 August 2016)
Michel Temer (31 August 2016 - )
Preface
Our academic collaboration began in the late 1990s. Sever